Download 2-Colonization Begins

Colonization Begins
England v. Spain
• England Allied with Spain until
1500s
– Do Not Compete for Colonies
• Year of Change: 1588
– Elizabeth I Takes Power
– Protestant Queen
– Sea Dogs Plundered Spanish Ships
• Sir Francis Drake
– Spanish Armada Defeated
– England Becomes Strongest Naval Power in
World
The Armada Portrait of
Elizabeth I, painted by
an unknown artist in
1648. The queen places
her hand on the globe,
symbolizing the rising
seapower of England.
Through the open
windows, we see the
battle against the
Spanish Armada in 1588
and the destruction of
the Spanish ships in a
providential storm,
interpreted by the queen
as an act of divine
intervention
English Motivations
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Population Increase
Lack of Land
Depression in Wool Industry
Primogeniture Laws
Joint Stock Companies
Jamestown
English Settlements
• Virginia Company
(Joint Stock Company)
- Founded Jamestown, 1607
- Swampy Land Along James
River
John Smith
- Leader of Colony
English Settlements
Hard times
- Lack of Knowledge
and Motivation
Powhatan
- Tribe Helps Colonist
- “Pocahontas” Legend
“Starving Time” (1609)
- Smith: “He who shall not
work shall not eat.”
Pocahontas Legend
The story begins when Smith and two
English companions are ambushed by
Indians. After killing his two
companions, the Indians take Smith to
their chief, Powhatan. After two
months in captivity, Powhatan
determines to have the Englishman
clubbed to death in a ritual ceremony.
According to Smith, the plan is
thwarted only when the chief's
daughter, Pocahontas (then aged 11 or
12), throws herself between him and
his attackers causing her father to
relent. Smith published his account of
the incident in 1624. It is the only
description of the event we have and
some historians doubt its authenticity.
However, the account permanently
etched his name in American folklore.
Jamestown
-1st Democratic Government
Virginia House of Burgesses
-Tobacco as a Cash Crop
John Rolfe
- Pros and Cons
Pocahontas
- Lord De La Warr (1610)
- Hostile Towards Indians
- Marriage of Pocahontas and
John Rolfe Brings Peace
Jamestown
-Headright System
50 Acres To Each New
Colonist
-Indentured Servants
- Usually Seven Years of
Labor in Exchange for
Passage to America
-First Slaves Imported
Clash With Indians
-Desire For Land
-European Feelings Of
Superiority
- No Intermarriage
The Indian Massacre of 1622 led to the deaths of nearly 400
settlers, wiping out several entire communities. Jamestown
was spared from destruction due to the warnings of a Native
American boy named “Chanco", who gave warning to
colonist Richard Pace. Pace, after securing himself and his
neighbors on the south side of the James River, took a
canoe across river to warn Jamestown, which narrowly
escaped destruction. A year later, leaders of Jamestown
worked out a truce with the Powhatan Native Americans and
proposed a toast, using liquor laced with poison. 200 Native
Americans were killed by the poison, and 50 more were
slaughtered by the colonists. In 1624 the Virginia Company
lost its charter, and Virginia became a royal colony.
- Fought Wars With Powhatan
Indians
-Virginia Becomes Royal
Colony for Protection (1624)
Bacon’s Rebellion
-Indian Dispute On The Frontier
- Former Indentured Servants
Gain Freedom
- Want Land: Backcountry
- Indians Attacked Settlers
-Colonists Ask For Protection
From Virginia Government, But
Were Denied
Bacon’s Rebellion
- Nathaniel Bacon Led The Frontier
Colonists In A Rebellion Against
The Virginia Government
- 1,000 Men
- Burn Jamestown and Attack
Indians
- Kick Out Governor William
Berkeley
-Showed Signs of Discontent With
Leadership
Religious Refugees
Henry VIII Begins the Anglican
Church
Reformers Want to Rid the
Church of All Roman Catholic
Traditions
Puritans
Wanted to Purify the Church
of England
Individual and Congregational
Control of Religion
Pilgrims
Pilgrims
Pilgrims - Separatists
- Wanted to Practice their
Own Religion
Plymouth Massachusetts, 1620
- “Squatters”
- Supposed to be in Virginia
Mayflower Compact
Set Up Direct Democracy for
the Colony
Pilgrims
Colony Struggled but Received
Indian Help to Grow Crops
Thanksgiving
Squanto
William Bradford
Governor of Plymouth 15
Two –Year Terms
Pilgrim leader
“Of Plymouth Plantation”
First Recorded Mention of
Thanksgiving
Puritans
-Puritans
Massachusetts Bay
- Predestination Beliefs
-John Winthrop
- First Governor
-City on a Hill
(Be an Example to the World)
- Holy Society
-Connection Between Church and
State
-Strict Adherence to Puritan
Rules
Puritan Dissent
Roger Williams
Separation of Church and
State
Peace with Indians
Exiled from the Colony
Fled and Founded
Providence Rhode Island
Puritan Dissent
-Anne Hutchinson
Belief in Individual Worship
Banished in Famous Trial
Fled to Rhode Island
Puritan Dissent
IN MEMORY OF
ANNE MARBURY
HUTCHINSON
BAPTIZED AT ALFORD
LINCOLNSHIRE ENGLAND
20 - JULY 1595 (sic)
KILLED BY THE INDIANS
AT EAST CHESTER NEW
YORK 1643
COURAGEOUS EXPONENT
OF CIVIL LIBERTY
AND RELIGIOUS
TOLERATION
Indian Resistance
Some Cooperation, but Short
Lived
-Reasons: Disease, Land, and
Religion Caused Disputes
-Pequot War, 1637
Massacre of Indians
-King Philip’s War
Lots of Deaths on Both Sides
but Colonists Win and Indian
Resistance Fades
Turns Public Opinion Against
Indians
King Philip’s War