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Transcript
Landforms/Maps Study Guide (please save so it can be reviewed for the CRCT) landform: a kind of land with a special shape, such as a mountain, hill, or plain map title: tells what a map is about map legend: tells what each map symbol means; also known as the map key map grid: a set of lines that divide a map into columns and rows of squares (example B2, C4) People use different kinds of maps to help them locate places. map scale: a part of a map that helps you find real distance, tells how far one place is from another place country: an area of land with its own people and its own laws (example: United States of America) The continent of North America includes three large countries: U.S.A., Canada, and Mexico. It also includes many smaller countries that make up Central America. Types of landforms: plains- a large, low area of flat or rolling land with few trees (in the center of the U.S.A. is a region known as the Great Plains) hills - land that rises above the land around it mountains- a very high hill formed by plates shifting peninsula – a piece of land surrounded on 3 sides by water island – a piece of land surrounded on all sides by water plateau – a flat area of land that is higher than the area around it valley – an area of low land between mountains or hills volcano – a hole in the Earth’s crust through which lava, gases, and ash are released canyon – a deep valley with steep sides glacier – a large mass of ice that moves very slowly down a mountain or through a valley gulf – a large body of salt water that is partly enclosed by land Bodies of water: ocean- a very large body of salt water (3/4 of the world is covered by oceans) river – a long body of water that flows across the land lake – a body of water that has land all around it A map of North America shows the countries, landforms, and bodies of water found on and around the continent. cardinal directions: the main directions of north, south, east, and west intermediate directions: secondary directions of northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest hemisphere: the halves that the Earth is divided into by lines of latitude and longitude equator: an imaginary line around the center of the Earth that divides it into the northern and southern hemispheres; it is located at 0° latitude latitude: lines running east to west on a map that show how far north or south something is from the equator prime meridian: a line that divides the Earth into the eastern and western hemispheres; it is located at 0° longitude longitude: lines running north to south on a map that show how far east or west something is from the prime meridian the country of Greece is located in the eastern and northern hemispheres; the U.S. is located in the northern and western hemispheres compass rose: shows the cardinal directions on a map or globe Types of maps: Political map – shows boundaries of countries, states, and counties; shows the location of major cities; usually includes significant bodies of water Physical map – shows country borders, major cities, significant bodies of water, and the location of landforms like deserts, mountains, and plains Topographical map – shows the elevation of landforms on the Earth’s surface and the depths of the oceans Product map – shows the major products produced in a state/country or where they are grown Population map – shows the number of people located in different portions of a region Road map – shows where main highways, roads, cities, and towns are located Globe – the best map for seeing the real size and shape of the continents; looks as if you’re looking down on the world; a flat map changes the size and shape of the continents so it is not as accurate On a map: Stars frequently indicate capital cities Various sized and colored circles usually indicate city locations and their relative size. 0 100 200 300 400 500 OR 1 in. = 50 miles Numbered lines as above - called a SCALE - give information relating to distance. Major rivers, lakes, and mountain ranges of the U.S.: The Great Lakes – largest lakes in the U.S.; located in the northeast; 5 lakes, 4 of which stretch into Canada The Great Salt Lake – located in Utah; second largest lake in the U.S. Hudson River – runs through New York and empties into the Atlantic Ocean Ohio River – used by settlers to get further west; forms the southern boundary of the state of Ohio; empties into the Mississippi River Mississippi River – second largest river in the U.S.; many rivers empty into it; Mississippi means “big river” Missouri River – longest river in the U.S.; about 100 miles longer than the Mississippi Colorado River – located in Colorado; helped to form the Grand Canyon Rio Grande River – begins in Colorado and empties into the Gulf of Mexico; forms part of the border between the U.S. and Mexico Rocky Mountains – located in the western part of the U.S.; the western Continental Divide is located in these mountains (the rivers to the west of this Divide flow into the Pacific or Gulf of California, those to the east flow into the Gulf of Mexico) Appalachian Mountains – located in the eastern part of the U.S.; our region of Georgia is in the foothills of this mountain range Layers of the Earth: The Earth is made up of layers: crust, mantle, core crust: we walk on this layer; it is only a few miles thick; made up of plates (these plates move slowly on melted magma and eventually push into each other which can cause mountains to form; the largest mountain range in the world is the Himilaya Mountains; Mount Everest is the tallest mountain in the world) mantle: made up of very hot rock called magma which can seep up through volcanoes and is then called lava; thickest layer core: made up of melted iron and nickel International Date Line An imaginary line through the Pacific Ocean located at about 180° longitude; to the east of this line, the calendar date is one day earlier than to the west; it is on the opposite side of the Earth from the prime meridian time zone: there are 24 different time zones around the world Global Positioning System (GPS) – a device that can tell you exactly where you are on Earth