Download introduction to the monogastric digestive system

INTRODUCTION TO THE
MONOGASTRIC DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM
Lindsey Huseman
Wilson High School
2009
 Carnivores and omnivores have monogastric
digestive systems
 Monogastric systems have a simple stomach
structure and only one compartment
 Some animals with monogastric systems
include swine and humans
 Rabbits and horses have modified
monogastric system
Parts of the digestive tract




Lips
Tongue
Teeth
Salivary glands
 Mucus
Esophagus
 Esophageal sphincter
 Transports food to stomach
Stomach
 Churn and mix food
 Enzymes are secreted to help with the
digestion of protein and fats
Small intestine
 Mix, emulsify, move the food
 Digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats
with enzymes
 Absorption of the end products of digestion
 Three parts:
 Duodenum
 Jejunum
 Ileum
Pancreas
 Enzymes are secreted to help digest
proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids
Liver
 Production of bile
 Emulsifies fat to aid in digestion
Gall bladder
 Storage of bile
 Bile is active in the small intestine
Cecum
 Non-functioning in most monogastrics
 Modified monogastrics: have an
enlarged cecum that helps digest
grasses and hay
Large intestine
 Bacterial activity
 Water absorption
 Waste storage
 Monogastrics have six basic nutrient
requirements
 Carbohydrates, protein, vitamins,
minerals, water, and fats
Water requirements
 Single nutrient required in the greatest
quantity by animals
 80% of the empty body weight of a
newborn pig and about 53% of a grown
market pig is water.
 An animal can lose all its’ fat and over
half of its’ protein and live, but losing
1/10 of its’ water results in death.
 Pigs consume the majority of their
water by drinking
 Some water is ingested in feed
 The balance between intake and loss is
affected by:
 Health
 Nutrition
 Environment
Class of Pig
Nursery pigs (up to 60 lbs BW)
Grower Pigs (60-100 lbs BW)
Finishing Pigs (100-250 lbs BW)
Nonpregna nt gilts
Pregnant sows
Lactating sows
Boars
Litters/pig/day
2.8
2.5-3.0 L/kg of feed consumed
8-12
2.5-3.0 L/kg of feed consumed
12-20
2.5-3.0 L/kg of feed consumed
12
12-25
10-30
20???
Gallons/pig/day
0.7
0.3 gal/lb of feed consumed
2-3
0.3 gal/lb of feed consumed
3-5
0.3 gal/lb of feed consumed
3
3-6
2.5-7
5???
Glen Almond: “How Much Water Do Pigs Need?”
Animal Type
Weight
Range
(kg)
Estimated Typi cal Water
Use
(L/day)
Rabbit - gestating doe
4.5 kg
0.35
Rabbit - doe (with litter), prior to
weaning
8.5 kgb
1.02
Rabbit - 6-wk fryers
1.0 kg
0.30
Rabbit 12-wk fryers
2.3 kg
0.64
Daniel Ward: “Water requirements of Livestock Fact
Sheet.”
Frame size
(weight)
Water Requirement Range
(L/day)
Average Water Use
(L/day)
Small (500 lb)
13-20
16.5
Medium (1,000
lb)
26-39
32.5
Large (1,500 lb)
39-59
49
Daniel Ward: “Water requirements of Livestock Fact
Sheet.”