Download Genes and Cell Division

Genes and Cell Division
SWBAT define gene and chromosome; explain how
genes and chromosomes are related; describe the
three stages of the cell cycle; name and describe the
4 phases of mitosis in order; define asexual
reproduction
Genes and Cell Division
• Gene
– Cells blueprints
– Contain the information needed to build cells and cell
products
• Chromosomes
– Found in the nucleus
– Contain genes
• What is cell division?
– (binary fission) A parent cell divides into two new
daughter cells that are exact replicas of the original
Cell Division
Interphase
First stage, genes are copied
Prophase
Mitosis begins, the nucleus membrane
disappears and chromosomes begin to
coil up, spindle fibers form
Chromosomes are lined up at the center
spindle
Metaphase
Anaphase
Each pair of sister chromatids separate
and move to opposite ends of the spindle
Telophase
Final phase of mitosis, new chromosomes
reach the end of the spindle and begin to
uncoil, a new nucleus membrane is formed
Cytokinesis
Final stage of division, daughter cells fill
with cytoplasm and organelles
Definitions
• Asexual reproduction
– Reproduction by mitotic cell division
– Amoebas reproduce this way
• Budding
– Mitosis occurs inside the nucleus and the two new
nuclei create a bulge or bud, when the bud is
completely grown it breaks off
– Yeast reproduce this way
• Regeneration
– The process of growing a new body part
– Planarian can do this
Definitions
• Spores
– A cell surrounded by a protective covering
– Bread mold reproduces this way
• Sexual reproduction
– When two organisms each give a complete copy of their
genes to form a new organism
• Meiosis
– The process during which genetic information is copied
during sexual reproduction
• What is the difference between meiosis and mitosis?
– In Meiosis only half of the genes are passed on, the other
half come from the second parent. In mitosis all the genes
are copied exactly, from only one parent.