Download Creativity - Idea menulis

Creativity,
a sub discipline of
psychology
Left-right brain
 Discovered by Roger Sperry and
Ornstein in 1960 - The Split Brain
Theory.
 4 quadrants of brains or Hermann
Brain Dominance Instrument,
discovered by Ned Hermann in 1975.
Quadrant
Left (L) or Right
(R) Brain
A
L
B
L
C
R
D
R
Function
Albert Einstein died at 1:15 am on April 18, 1955 at Princeton
Hospital in New Jersey. Later that day, Princeton Hospital
pathologist Dr. Thomas Harvey performed an autopsy on
Einstein and removed Einstein's brain. Harvey cut the brain
into 240 pieces. He was very protective of the brain and kept
it jars at his house. Over the years, Harvey gave several
pieces of the brain to different researchers including Dr.
Marian Diamond (UC Berkeley), Dr. Britt Anderson (University
of Alabama) and Dr. Sandra Witelson (McMaster University,
Hamilton, Ontario). Harvey moved around the country and he
always brought the brain with him. Eventually, Harvey moved
back to New Jersey. In 1996, Harvey brought the remaining
pieces of Einstein's brain to Dr. Elliot Krauss, chief pathologist
at Princeton Hospital
The Conclusion
The authors concluded that the greater number
of glial cells per neuron might indicate the
neurons in Einstein’s brain had an increased
"metabolic need" - they needed and used more
energy. In this way, perhaps Einstein had
better thinking abilities and conceptual skills.
More synaptic connections => better associations =>
higher creativity.
Loreta
 Low resolution
brain
electromagnetic
tomography.
A few techniques
 The techniques are used to study brain
and neural system.
EEG.
ERP.
fMRI.
Stage
Overview
Sensorimotor period (birth - 1-1/1- This is the period is characterized as presymbolic
2 years)
and preverbal. Intellectual development is
dependent on action of the child's senses and
response external stimuli. Child is engaged in
action schemes such as grasping and reaching for
distant objects. Characteristics include: reflex
actions, play, imitation, object permanence,
nonverbal.
Preoperational period (2-3 to 7-8
years)
Child's thought is based on perceptual cues and
the child is unaware of contradictory statements.
For example child would say that wood floats
because it is small and a piece steel sinks because
it is thin. Characteristics include: language
development, egocentrism, classification on single
feature, irreversibility.
Concrete operational period (7-8 to
12-14 years)
Logical ways of thinking begin as long as it is
linked to concrete objects. Characteristics include:
reversibility, seriation, classification, conservation
(number, substance, area, weight, volume).
Formal operational period (older
than 14)
Students are able to deal logically with
multifaceted situations. They can reason from
hypothetical situations to the concrete.
Characteristics include: theoretical reasoning,
combinatorial reasoning, proportional reasoning,
control of variables, probabilistic and correlational
Eysenck & 3 variables
 Hans J. Eysenck (1995): Three variables that
influence the development of scientific
creativity;
cognitive,
environment
and
personality.
 Cognitive: Education, intellectual intelligence
etc.
 Personality: Motivation, confidence, creativity
etc.
 Environment as a determination factor.
Amabile & 3 components
 Teresa Amabile (1983?): Three compulsory
components in individual creativity.
Specialist; in certain discipline e.g. science,
mathematics, botany, engineering etc.
Creative thinking skill; creativity and imagination
capability.
Motivation; intrinsic motivation.
 The components are influenced by the work
environment which inspired
employer, friends and others.
by
teacher,
Intrinsic motivation
Collins dan Amabile (1999): “Studies of
personalities of highly creative people
have described them as being totally
absorbed in and devoted to their work
and people who doing what they loved
were more creative in their pursuits.”
Csikszentmihalyi & 3
components
Mihalyi Csikszentmihalyi (1999) studied 91
creative persons (politician, scientist,
businessman, artsr and novelist) from 1990
until 1995 and developed a model system of
individual creativity, that consists of three
components:
1. Culture.
2. Domain.
3. Social recognition.
Feldman (2000): “…the
person who is creating
must master the domain,
must acquire expertise.”
Piirto (2004): “people don’t
make genuine contributions
to a domain unless they
have mastered the
domain.”.
3
2
1
2 - DOMAIN
Evaluate your creative
personality
‘Minnesota Multiphasic Personality’ by
Frank Barron (1969).
‘The Psychoticism Scale of the Eysenck
Personality Questionnaire’ by Eysenck
(1995).
Robert Alan Black and 32 Traits of
Creative People.
“Persistent - Charles Goodyear
(discover & inventor of vulcanized
rubber) and Chester Carlson
(inventor of electrostatic copying, the
Xerox process: xerography) are two
of the best examples of this trait in
creative people. Both of them worked
over 30 years trying to make a
solution they discovered work.
Creative people do not give up on
things that mean a lot to them.”
(Robert Alan Black)
Socio-cultural factors
 French sosiologist, Pierre Bourdieu (1980) in
Csikszenmihalyi (1996) said that sociocultural factors as the cultural capital could
inspired the development of individual
creativity.
 Socio-cultural factors include:
Educational background.
Language.
Recognition.
Government support.
Political stability.
Good facilities.
Creativity group.
Psychology = ‘ilm an-nafs
 'Psyche' according to the Oxford dictionary means the spirit,




soul or mind; thus it corresponds with the Arabic word 'Al-Nafs'
and its various senses.
In Islamic psychology, chapters on spirit, soul, and mind are
utmost important, Should lead to fulfill the purpose life of man
and the responsibility of man (as ‘abid and khalifah).
Ancient muslim scholars has studied human’s soul extensively
in the Islamic philosophy so that man can reach the ultimate
soul; the true servant of God and khalifah.
It also dealt with therapy towards a healthy soul and body.
Ibn Qayyim for example wrote on spirit and soul, besides that he
wrote on medicine such as Tibb an-Nabawi.
The aim of psychology
(as well as creativity)
definitely must be
determined by the
Islamic law and
philosophy based on
the revealed
knowledge.
Creativity in Islam
Its aims are determined by shari’ah.
Should not contradict with Islamic law.
Should lead more knowledge about God.
Should lead to fulfill the purpose life of man
and the responsibility of man (as ‘abid and
khalifah)
Should lead the clarity of the Islamic
message to be spread all over the world
(through education, da’wah and jihad).