Download Pharmacology - 11-15

Pharmacology for
Diabetes Agents
By Alaina Darby
Insulin
Which of the following is true of Type II diabetes?
a. It is caused by an autoimmune reaction
b.It is caused by insufficient insulin production
c. It is caused by decreased insulin sensitivity
d.It is known as Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Which of the following is not true of insulin?
a. It is secreted as proinsulin by the Islet of
Langerhaans
b.The mature form contains A and B chains
c. It promotes storage of glucose
d.It is formed in the pancreatic α-cells
Which of the following is true of A1C?
a. It is a measure of glucuronidated hemoglobin
b.Normal A1C is about 8%
c. A1C measures average blood sugar for the past 3-4
months
d.Lower average blood glucose yields a higher A1C
Which of the following does not cause the release of
insulin?
a. Sugars
b.Amino acids
c. Somatostatin
d.Vagal stimulation
e.Sulfonylureas
Which of the following inhibits insulin release?
a. Norepinephrine
b.Cholecystokinin
c. Secretin
d.Gastrin
Which of the following is not an effect of insulin in the
adipose tissue?
a. Inhibit free fatty acid release
b.Conversion of glucose to glycogen
c. Conversion of glucose to fatty acids and TAG
d.Transport of glucose into the cells
Which of the following is a characteristic of Type I
diabetes?
a. Majority of diabetic patients
b.Beta cell degeneration
c. Associated with obesity
d.Treatment includes diet, exercise, and oral drugs
Which of the following is a characteristic of Type II
diabetes?
a. Elevated insulin
b.Juvenile onset
c. Insulin is the only treatment
d.10-20% of diabetics
Which of the following is the fastest acting type of
insulin?
a. NPH insulin
b.Lente insulin
c. Insulin glargine
d.Regular insulin
Which of the following is true of insulin replacement
therapy?
a. Blood glucose measurements are taken after each
meal
b.Insulin should be given at every meal
c. Insulin pumps require glucose monitoring
d.Insulin can be given as a nasal spray
Which of the following is synthesized to act faster than
regular insulin?
a. Lantus
b.Levemir
c. Novolin
d.Novalog
Which of the following exists only in a monomeric
state?
a. Lantus
b.Levemir
c. Novolin
d.Novalog
Which of the following can be injected once a day?
a. Insulin aspart
b.Insulin glargine
c. Insulin lispro
d.Insulin glulisine
Which of the following is true of the insulin inhaler
(Afrezza)?
a. It is less expensive than injected insulin
b.It is inhaled through the nose into the lungs
c. It is a complete replacement for insulin therapy
d.It is short acting insulin
Which of the following describes diabetic coma?
a. Caused by insulin overdose
b.Treated with glucose
c. Result of hypoglycemia
d.Results in decreased pH
Which of the following is not a result of low insulin?
a. Hepatic gluconeogenesis
b.Hypoglycemic coma
c. Increased fatty acid release
d.Increased presence of ketone bodies
Oral Agents
Which of the following is true of glucagon?
a. Used during hyperglycemia
b.Decreased in fasting
c. Decreased in diabetes
d.Opposes insulin
Which of the following is the main initial effect of
sulfonylureas?
a. Increase insulin sensitivity
b.Increase insulin release
c. Decrease insulin metabolism
d.Decrease gluconeogenesis
Which of the following is a first generation sulfonylurea?
a. Glyburide
b.Chlorpropamide
c. Glipizide
d.Glimepiride
Which of the following is a potential drug interaction
with sulfonylureas?
a. NSAID’s enhance hypoglycemic action
b.NSAID’s counteract hypoglycemic action
c. Metformin enhances hypoglycemic action
d.Metformin counteracts hypoglycemic action
Which of the following is a difference between
sulfonylureas and meglitinides?
a. Rapid GI absorption
b.Metabolized in liver
c. Increases insulin secretion
d.Targeted receptor
Which of the following is true of biguanides?
a. Extensively metabolized in liver
b.Side effect is hypoglycemia
c. Increases insulin secretion
d.Decreases gluconeogenesis
Which of the following is upregulated by metformin?
a. cAMP
b.Phospholipase C
c. AMP
d.PIP
Which of the following binds and activates PPARγ?
a. Thiazolidinediones
b.Sulfonylureas
c. Biguanides
d.Meglitinides
e.α-Glucosidase Inhibitors
f. SGLT2 Inhibitors
Which of the following is the main effect of PPARγ
activation?
a. Increase insulin sensitivity
b.Increased adipose lipolysis
c. Decreased FFA uptake and storage
d.Decreased glucose transport into muscles
Which of the following acts on brush border enzymes?
a. Thiazolidinediones
b.Sulfonylureas
c. Biguanides
d.Meglitinides
e.α-Glucosidase Inhibitors
f. SGLT2 Inhibitors
Which of the following is used to treat both
insulinomas and glucagonomas?
a. Diazoxide
b.Ocreotide
c. Somatostatin
d.Incretins
Which of the following is used to treat insulinomas
and inhibits insulin secretion but not synthesis?
a. Diazoxide
b. Ocreotide
c. Somatostatin
d. Incretins
Which of the following is used to treat both
glucagonomas and acromegaly?
a. Diazoxide
b.Ocreotide
c. Somatostatin
d.Incretins
Incretins have what action in the body?
a. Decrease insulin secretion
b.Increase insulin secretion
c. Decrease insulin sensitivity
Increase insulin sensitivity
Which of the following is a synthetic incretin?
a. Sitagliptin phosphate
b.Exenatide
c. Metformin
d.Repaglinide
Which of the following is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4
inhibitor?
a. Sitagliptin phosphate
b.Exenatide
c. Metformin
d.Repaglinide
Which of the following is not an action of GLP-1?
a. Glycogenolysis inhibition
b.Increased gastric emptying
c. Increased satiety
d.Decreased glucagon secretion
e.Increased insulin secretion
f. Beta cell production
Which of the following is deficient in individuals with
T1DM?
a. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4
b.GLP-1
c. GIP
d.Amylin
Which of the following is true of amylin?
a. It is released with glucagon
b.It increases gastric emptying
c. It promotes satiety
d.It promotes glucagon secretion
e.It inhibits weight loss
Which of the following acts on the kidney to produce
its effects?
a. Repaglinide
b.Troglitazone
c. Metformin
d.Acarbose
e.Cinagliflozin
Which is not a potiential adverse effect of SGLT2
inhibitors?
a. Hypotension
b.Hypokalemia
c. Hypoglycemia
d.Increased LDL
Which of the following decreases gluconeogenesis?
a. Repaglinide
b.Troglitazone
c. Metformin
d.Acarbose
e.Cinagliflozin
Which of the following promotes insulin secretion?
a. Repaglinide
b.Troglitazone
c. Metformin
d.Acarbose
e.Cinagliflozin
Which of the following promotes insulin sensitivity?
a. Repaglinide
b.Troglitazone
c. Metformin
d.Acarbose
e.Cinagliflozin
Which of the following should not be given to
someone with renal disease?
a. Repaglinide
b.Troglitazone
c. Metformin
d.Acarbose
e.Cinagliflozin