Download Islamic Empire and Religion Review Sheet and Study Guide Answers

Islamic Empire and Religion Review Sheet and Study Guide
1. Define the following words:
a. Islam:___”submission”______________________
b. Muslim:___”one who submits to Allah”_________________________________________________________
c. Allah:___”God” in Arabic_______________________________________________________________
d. Arabic:_____Language of Muhammad and the original language of the Qu’ran__________________________
e. Qur’an:_____Holy book of Islam__________________________
f.
Five Pillars:____Main tenants of Islam ________________
2. Explain the Five Pillars so that each could be easily understood in full sentences.
a. 1st Pillar – __Shahada: profession of faith that Allah is the only God & Muhammad is his final prophet
b. 2nd Pillar – ___Salat: 5 daily prayers__
c. 3rd Pillar – _____Zakat: giving to charity ____
d. 4th Pillar – ______Swam: Fasting during daylight hours of Ramadan_______
e. 5th Pillar – _____hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in lifetime if able_____
3. What are the two holiest cities of the Islamic religion, where can they be found and why?
Mecca: birthplace of Muhammad & where Gabriel revealed God’s word to him
Medina: place where Muhammad lived after he was forced out of Mecca
4. What is a Bedouin and what type of lifestyle did they lead? Why were they important to the Islamic Empire?
An Arab nomad. Their values formed the basis for Islamic values and tribal associations.
5. What happened in 632? What differences did the Sunni and Shia have when they split?
Muhammad died. Sunni thought any qualified Muslim could be his successor or caliph. Shia thought it had to be a decedent
through his son-in-law, Ali. Sunnis are the majority. Shia are the minority. Shia are found in Iran/Iraq. Sunni are in the others
parts of the Muslim world.
6. Name 3 similarities and 2 differences between Islam compared to the religions of Christianity and Judaism.
Similarities
Differences
1. Same God (God of Abraham)
Different holy books/ religious leaders/holy days/holidays
2. Use stories from the Old Testament
3. Monotheistic
Christians believe in a Messiah, the others don’t
7. What is calligraphy and why was it used? Artistic Arabic writing used to decorate Qu’rans and mosques.
8. What was the trip taken by Muhammad called? Where does he go and why? Hijrah. He went to Medina when he was
forced out of Mecca for his monotheistic beliefs.
9. Who were the 4 “rightly guided” caliphs that follow Muhammad, what did they contribute to Islam and what
happened to them?
10. The groups that ruled the Islamic empire following the fall of the caliphs are below. How did they contribute to the
Muslim empire and where did they move the Capital of the empire and why?
Umayyad – Greatest amount of land for an Islamic Empire, translation of roman & Greek texts,
Abbasids- Golden Age of Islam occurred during this dynasty
11. What is the significance of the Dome of the Rock? Its location? What other religions are important to this city?
It was the location where it was thought that Abraham almost sacrificed his son Issac and where Muhammad ascended to
Heaven on his Night Journey.
12. Name the three continents that the Islamic empire stretched to. Africa, Asia, Europe
13. What is significant about the Battle of Tours? Stopped the Muslim advance into Europe