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Human Health & Physiology Test Mark Scheme
1.
C
[1]
2.
D
[1]
3.
A
[1]
4.
D
[1]
5.
C
[1]
6.
C
[1]
7.
D
[1]
8.
B
[1]
9.
B
[1]
10.
D
[1]
11.
A
[1]
12.
C
[1]
13.
C
[1]
14.
D
[1]
15.
C
[1]
16.
A
[1]
17.
B
[1]
18.
C
[1]
1
19.
Award [1] for each of the following structures clearly drawn and
labelled correctly in a diagram of the heart.
left and right ventricle;
left and right atria;
atrioventricular valves / bicuspid / mitral and tricuspid valves;
semilunar valves;
aorta and vena cava;
pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein;
ventricle wall thicker than atria;
left ventricle wall thicker than right ventricle wall;
Do not award marks for a diagram with only the ventricles or atria. However,
it is not necessary to show the cordae tendinae.
[6]
20.
ventilation (is): [2 max]
movement of air;
movement in and out of the lungs;
caused by muscles;
an active process;
involves mass flow / involves flow along air passages;
gas exchange (is): [2 max]
movement of carbon dioxide and oxygen;
(occurs when) oxygen moves from lungs /
alveoli to red blood cells / carbon dioxide
moves to lungs / alveoli from red blood cells;
(occurs when) oxygen moves from red blood cells to tissues /
carbon dioxide moves to red blood cells from tissues;
a passive process / diffusion;
takes place across a surface;
[4]
21.
(a) Must have both for [1].
antigen is a substance / molecule that causes antibody formation;
antibody is a (globular) protein /
molecule that recognizes an antigen;
(b)
(c)
antigen causes an immune response to produce antibodies
specific for that antigen;
antibodies produced in B-lymphocytes;
B-lymphocytes produced in bone marrow;
carried in blood;
antigen presenting cell /
helper T cell present antigen to B cell;
1
3 max
Must name two for [1].
CO ;
2
O;
2
hormones;
named nutrient;
urea / excess ions;
platelets;
bicarbonate; 1 max
[5]
2
22.
negative feedback (to maintain homeostasis);
insulin produced in  -cells;
glucagon produced in -cells;
glucose levels monitored in Islet of Langerhans in pancreas;
after meal blood glucose level goes up;
insulin is secreted;
causes muscle / liver / adipose cells to take up glucose;
stored as glycogen / lipid;
return blood glucose levels to normal;
when blood glucose goes down between meals;
glucagon is secreted;
causes breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver;
blood glucose levels return to normal;
(Plus up to [2] for quality)
9 max
[9]
23.
(a) concentration rises throughout pregnancy;
the rise is exponential / levels rise significantly later in pregnancy;
Award [0]for a description which only implies a rise.
(b)
the CRH concentration is lower in late deliveries / higher in full-term deliveries;
differences greater / become more pronounced later in the pregnancy;
both rise gradually;
–3
(c)
57 pmol dm of plasma; (± 3)
Value and unit needed for [1].
(d)
high concentration would indicate women at high risk of premature delivery;
low concentration would indicate women at risk of going past term / delivering late;
concentration could be used to indicate when delivery is imminent;
concentration might indicate special precautions or medical technique needed;
(eg reduce physical activity of mother or provide special incubator for likely
premature birth or induce labour for past term mothers);
(e)
2
2 max
1
2 max
low water:
toads can mate earlier as conditions dry;
toads can move to larger ponds;
tadpole / organism cannot survive in absence of water;
high water:
larger toads more resistant to predation;
larger toads more attractive to mates;
3 max
(f)
concentrations of thyroxine and corticosterone higher in
low water group / vice versa;
greater difference in thyroxine concentration / less
difference in corticosterone
concentration between the two groups;
in both groups thyroxine concentrations are higher than
corticosterone concentrations;
2 max
Comparisons need to be made between the two hormones in the high water environment /
low water environment.
(g)
CRH levels would be higher in the low water group / vice versa;
1
[13]
3