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TEST: Photosynthesis/Cellular Respiration
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. The chemical reaction illustrated in the figure is:
a. fermentation.
b. the first step in the citric acid cycle.
c. part of the electron transport chain.
d. the energy producing step of glycolysis.
e. None of these.
2. In glycolysis, glucose receives two phosphate groups from __________, thus forming fructose-1,
6-bisphosphate.
a. ATP
b. fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate
c. a bisphosphate group
d. G3P
e. ADP
3. The first step in the Calvin cycle is the attachment of carbon dioxide to:
a. Rubisco.
b. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P).
c. phosphoglycerate
d. RuBP (ribulose bisphosphate).
e. None of the above.
4. At night, CAM plants incorporate CO2 into __________, which is stored in the __________ of their cells.
a. pyruvate; starch granules
b. fructose; vacuoles
c. malate; vacuoles
d. acetyl CoA; mitochondria
e. glucose; starch granules
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5. In aerobic respiration, the electrons associated with the hydrogen atoms in glucose are transferred to:
a. carbon in a series of steps.
b. the mitochondrial membranes.
c. oxygen in a series of steps.
d. hydrogen ions.
e. NADH in a series of steps.
6. Select the molecule that contains the most stored chemical energy:
a. lactate.
b. oxygen.
c. carbon dioxide.
d. water.
e. ethyl alcohol.
7. Light behaves not only as waves, but also as particles, which are referred to as:
a. radiation.
b. electrons.
c. protons.
d. neutrons.
e. photons.
8. Select the anaerobic pathway.
a. chemiosmosis
b. fermentation
c. electron transport chain
d. citric acid cycle
e. aerobic respiration
9. The splitting of molecules into smaller components is referred to as:
a. catabolism.
d. metabolism.
b. anabolism.
e. photosynthesis.
c. redox.
10. Which of the following molecules can be used as a substrate for cellular respiration?
a. proteins
b. lipids
c. fatty acids
d. glucose
e. All of these.
Figure 9-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
____ 11. Chloroplasts will be found in the greatest density in the area of Figure
9-1 labeled
a. 6 and 7.
b. 1 and 2.
c. 7 and 8.
d. 3 and 4.
e. 4 and 5.
____ 12. The primary function of the leaf structure labeled 5 in Figure 9-1 is:
____ 13.
____ 14.
____ 15.
____ 16.
____ 17.
____ 18.
____ 19.
a. gas exchange.
b. food storage.
c. water transportation.
d. nutrient absorption.
e. photosynthesis.
One gram of __________ contains more than twice the amount of energy of a gram of glucose.
a. lipids
b. protein
c. starch
d. ATP
e. amino acids
Organismal body heat is a:
a. product of ATP synthesis.
b. byproduct of endergonic reactions.
c. byproduct of exergonic reactions.
d. product of glucose synthesis.
e. product of anabolism.
The transfer of electrons from glucose to oxygen during aerobic respiration takes place in a stepwise fashion
through a number of intermediates rather than by direct transfer. This is because:
a. the energy of the electrons can be used to make ADP.
b. it is chemically impossible to transfer electrons directly from glucose to oxygen.
c. the energy of the electrons can be used to make ATP.
d. the energy of the protons can be used to make ATP.
e. the chemical intermediates donate some of their electrons in order to increase the electron
pool.
Which of the following statements is not correct about lactic acid fermentation?
a. Glycolysis is the only energy-yielding step of this pathway.
b. It produces two ATP molecules for every glucose molecule.
c. It is inefficient compared to aerobic respiration.
d. Oxygen is the final electron acceptor of this pathway.
e. It uses glucose as a substrate.
Chlorophyll consists of a porphyrin ring that contains a single atom of:
a. manganese.
b. iron.
c. phosphorus.
d. nitrogen.
e. magnesium.
Anaerobic respiration differs from aerobic respiration in that anaerobic respiration:
a. produces ATP.
b. involves an electron transport chain.
c. can utilize NO3 as the terminal electron acceptor.
d. produces CO2.
e. can utilize O2 as the terminal electron acceptor.
Select the incorrect match between the molecule and the amount of ATP produced if that particular molecule
is completely oxidized in aerobic respiration:
a. FAD2 ATP
b. glucose36 to 38 ATP
c. NAD2 ATP
d. pyruvic acid34 to 36 ATP
____ 20.
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____ 27.
e. All of these answer choices are correctly matched.
The overall reaction for the aerobic respiration of glucose is summarized as:
a. C6H12O6 + 6 H2O  6 CO2 + 12 H2 + Energy.
b. C4H12O2 + 6 O2 + ATP  6 CO2 + 12 H2O + Energy.
c. C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O  6 CO2 + 12 H2O + Energy.
d. C4H12O4 + 12 H2O + 6 CO2  6 O2 + ATP + Energy.
e. C4H12O4 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O  6 CO2 + ATP + Energy.
NADH is formed when NAD+ accepts:
a. two hydrogen atoms.
b. a proton.
c. a proton and a pair of electrons.
d. a hydrogen atom.
e. a pair of protons and an electron.
Peter Mitchell demonstrated ATP production by aerobic bacteria by placing the bacteria in:
a. a basic environment.
b. an acidic environment.
c. a buffered environment.
d. an aqueous environment.
e. None of these is correct.
Saturated fatty acids store more energy than unsaturated fatty acids. Based on your knowledge of aerobic
respiration, you draw this conclusion because saturated fatty acids:
a. contain more ester linkages.
b. lack phosphate.
c. are more highly reduced.
d. contain more ATP.
e. are deaminated.
In C4 plants, reactions that fix CO2 into four-carbon compounds occur in:
a. xylem cells.
b. epidermal cells.
c. guard cells.
d. mesophyll cells.
e. bundle sheath cells.
Which of the following is not associated with the thylakoid membranes?
a. photosystems I and II
b. electron transport chain
c. ATP synthase
d. antenna complex
e. the Calvin cycle
Noncyclic electron transport needs a constant supply of electrons. These are obtained from:
a. ATP.
b. light.
c. H2O.
d. CO2.
e. glucose.
During chemiosmosis, __________ are transferred from NADH and FADH2 to electron acceptor molecules,
and the energy released is used to create a(n) __________ gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
a. ATP molecules; ADP molecule
b. protons; electron
c. ADP molecules; ATP molecule
____ 28.
____ 29.
____ 30.
____ 31.
____ 32.
____ 33.
____ 34.
____ 35.
d. electrons; proton
e. water molecules; oxygen
Which process does not match the starting materials?
a. formation of acetyl CoAcitric acid, CO2, NADH
b. citric acid cycleacetyl CoA, H2O, NAD+, FAD, ADP, Pi
c. electron transport and chemiosmosisNADH, FADH2, O2, ADP, Pi
d. glycolysisglucose, ATP, NAD+, ADP, Pi
e. All of these processes match the starting materials.
Which of the following is not one of the intermediates or products of the carbon fixation reactions?
a. phosphogylcerate (PGA)
b. NADPH
c. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
d. glucose
e. ribulose bisphosphate
Ribulose phosphate is synthesized from:
a. G3P.
b. RuBP.
c. NADP+.
d. CO2.
e. pyruvate.
During the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, a constant supply of electrons is provided by:
a. carotenoids.
b. the sun.
c. chlorophyll.
d. water.
e. oxygen.
Aerobic respiration is classified as:
a. a redox process.
b. a synthesis reaction.
c. a hydrolysis reaction.
d. a polymerization reaction.
e. an anabolic process.
During fermentation, the immediate fate of the electrons in NADH is that they:
a. are transferred to O2.
b. are used to make CO2.
c. are used to form H2O.
d. are transferred to the electron transport chain.
e. are transferred to an organic molecule.
Glycolysis yields a net energy profit of __________ ATP molecules per molecule of glucose.
a. 6
b. 4
c. 0
d. 1
e. 2
The synthesis of ATP during photosynthesis or respiration occurs as a result of:
a. oxidation of NADPH.
b. phosphorylation of ADP.
c. phosphorylation of ATP.
d. phosphorylation of AMP.
____ 36.
____ 37.
____ 38.
____ 39.
____ 40.
____ 41.
____ 42.
____ 43.
e. phosphorylation of G3P.
During the reactions of photosynthesis, __________ is reduced and __________ is oxidized.
a. CO2; H2O
b. CO2; C6H12O6
c. H2O; C6H12O6
d. O2; H2O
e. O2; C6H12O6
12 H2O + 12 NADP+ + 18 ADP + Pi  6 O2 + 12 NADPH + 18 ATP summarizes the __________ reactions
of photosynthesis.
a. light-independent
b. CAM
c. carbon fixation
d. electron transport
e. light-dependent
By definition, substances that absorb visible light are called:
a. pigments.
b. hydrocarbons.
c. nucleotides.
d. photons.
e. porphyrins.
In photosynthesis, ATP and NADPH are produced during:
a. the light-dependent phase.
b. the carbon fixation reactions.
c. photolysis.
d. the light-independent phase.
e. glycolysis.
In the citric acid cycle, two acetyl CoA molecules are metabolized to:
a. glucose + 2 CO2 + 2 NADH + 2 FADH2 + 2 ATPs.
b. 2 CO2 + 2 ATPs + 2 NADH + 2 FADH.
c. fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate.
d. 4 CO2 + 6 NADH + 2 FADH2 + 2 ATP.
e. 2 G3P.
Which of the following statements concerning anabolic reactions is FALSE?
a. They may produce polysaccharides from monosaccharides.
b. They may split complex molecules into their components.
c. They are generally endergonic.
d. They usually require ATP.
The __________ of a chlorophyll molecule is(are) responsible for absorbing light.
a. methyl group
b. magnesium ion
c. long hydrophobic tail
d. porphyrin ring
e. carbon atoms
Which of the following statements concerning decarboxylation reactions is FALSE?
a. They occur as part of the citric acid cycle.
b. They involve the removal of two protons and two electrons.
c. They involve the removal of a carboxyl group (COOH) from a substrate.
d. They produce CO2 that is then exhaled via breathing.
e. They are one type of general reaction that occurs during aerobic respiration.
____ 44. NADH and FADH2 are the products of:
a. chemiosmosis.
b. reduction reactions.
c. formation of acetyl coenzyme A.
d. decarboxylation reactions.
e. glycolysis.
____ 45. Reaction center complexes of the light-dependent reactions contain __________ and __________, which
receive energy from __________.
a. carotenoids; proteins; chlorophyll
b. chlorophyll; proteins; antenna complexes
c. chlorophyll; antenna complexes; carotenoid
d. accessory pigments; chlorophyll; antenna complexes
e. proteins; antenna complexes; carotenoid
____ 46. In the skeletal muscle cells of vertebrates, as many as __________ molecules of ATP are produced from one
molecule of glucose. This is less than might be expected, because electrons from NADH produced during
glycolysis must be shuttled through the __________ mitochondrial membrane at a cost.
a. 38; inner
b. 2; outer
c. 6; outer
d. 36; inner
e. 2; inner
____ 47. A drowning death would be most directly due to:
a. The unavailability of glucose to feed into glycolysis.
b. The breakdown of pyruvate into ethyl alcohol.
c. The accumulation of lactate in the muscle tissue due to anaerobic respiration.
d. There is not sufficient information to determine which answer is correct.
e. The lack of oxygen to accept hydrogen.
____ 48. If yeasts are grown under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is converted first to __________ and then to
__________.
a. acetaldehyde; lactate
b. lactate; carbon dioxide
c. citrate; oxaloacetate
d. acetyl coenzyme A; citrate
e. acetaldehyde; ethyl alcohol
____ 49. The process by which light energy is converted into the stored chemical energy of organic molecules is:
a. respiration.
b. diffusion.
c. photosynthesis.
d. fermentation.
e. None of these.
____ 50. Which process does not match the location in skeletal muscle?
a. electron transport and chemiosmosismitochondrian
b. formation of acetyl coenzyme Amitochondrian
c. citric acid cyclemitochondrian
d. glycolysismitochondrian
e. All of these processes are matched to the correct location.
____ 51. Chlorophyll and accessory photosynthetic pigments are associated with the:
a. stroma.
b. thylakoid membranes.
____ 52.
____ 53.
____ 54.
____ 55.
____ 56.
____ 57.
____ 58.
____ 59.
c. light reaction centers of the stroma lamellae.
d. mesophyll membranes.
e. stroma grana.
All organisms are classified into two general trophic groups. These two groups are:
a. autotrophs and producers.
b. organic and inorganic.
c. anaerobic autotrophs and aerobic autotrophs.
d. consumers and decomposers.
e. autotrophs and heterotrophs.
Plants, algae, and certain bacteria are:
a. chemosynthetic.
b. inorganic synthesizers.
c. producers.
d. independent trophs.
e. consumers.
Deamination of amino acids in mammals yields amino groups that are converted to __________, which
is(are) excreted, and __________, which is(are) converted to one of the reactants of glycolysis or the citric
acid cycle.
a. carbon chains; amino acids
b. amino groups; ADP
c. amines; ATP
d. amino acids; ATP
e. urea; carbon chains
Which of the following steps in the Kreb's cycle directly produces a molecule of ATP (or GTP)?
a. citrate  isocitrate
b. succinyl CoA  succinate
c. succinate  fumarate
d. malate  oxaloacetate
e. isocitrate  -ketoglutarate
The reactants of the light-dependent reactions are:
a. H2O, ADP, and NADP+.
b. CO2, ADP, and NADPH.
c. H2O, ATP, and NADPH.
d. H2O, CO2, and NADP+.
e. CO2, ADP, and NADP+.
In the overall reactions of photosynthesis, it appears that hydrogen atoms are transferred from water to carbon
dioxide to form a carbohydrate. This type of reaction is classified as:
a. an oxidation reaction.
b. an anaerobic reaction.
c. a redox reaction.
d. a catabolic reaction.
e. a hydrolytic reaction.
ATP is formed when __________ the thylakoid lumen.
a. electrons leave
b. hydrogen ions leave
c. hydrogen ions enter
d. electrons enter
e. water is split in
The electrons lost by the P680 reactive center are replaced from:
a. Photosystem II.
b. a water molecule.
c. solar energy.
d. ATP.
e. NADP+.
____ 60. Engelmann concluded that chlorophyll in the chloroplasts is responsible for photosynthesis based on the
following results:
a. Accessory pigments transfer some of the energy of excitation produced by green light to
chlorophyll molecules.
b. The action spectrum of photosynthesis matched the maximum production of oxygen by
Spirogyra, observed by the greatest accumulation of bacteria in the blue and red regions of
the spectrum.
c. Spirogyra cells each contain a long, spiral-shaped, emerald-green chloroplast embedded in
the cytoplasm.
d. Bacteria exposed to the action spectrum for photosynthesis showed no preference to any
particular color of light.
e. None of these answer choices is correct.
Short Answer
61. What is the C4 pathway? Briefly explain how this adaptation increases the effectiveness of photosynthesis in
these plants.
62. Compare and contrast the cyclic and noncyclic electron transport pathways of photosynthesis.
63. Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic pathways used by cells to extract energy from organic
molecules. Include the mechanism of ATP formation, the final electron acceptor, and the end products in your
comparison.
64. Diagram and label the internal structure of a chloroplast. Briefly describe the function of each structure you
labeled.
Photosynthesis/Cellular Respiration
Answer Section
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SHORT ANSWER
61. ANS:
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