Download Interactions between species and their effects Type of Interaction

Interactions
Species Distribution
Related
to THREE things:
Fundamental
Niche (abiotic conditions
that it can tolerate)
Ability
to disperse to a new area
Interactions with other species
(symbiosis)
Interactions Among Organisms
 Symbiosis
An
intimate relationship between members of
2 or more species
Participants
may be benefited, harmed or
unaffected by the relationship
Results
Types:
of co-evolution
Competition, Predation, Mutualism,
Commensalism
Competition
 Interaction
among organisms that vie for
the same resource in an ecosystem
Intraspecific
Competition
between individuals in a population
Interspecific
Competition
species
between individuals in 2 different
Limiting Resources
 Any
environmental resource that, because it is
scarce or at unfavorable levels, restricts the
ecological niche of an organism
Predation
 Predation-
the use of one species as a resource
by another species.
 True
predators: the consumption of one species by
another
 Prey
is killed by predator
 Herbivores
 Parasitism:
relationship in which one species is
benefited and the other is harmed
 Parasites
rarely kill their hosts
Mutualism
A
relationship in which both organisms benefit
 Example:
Honey guide birds alert and direct badgers
to bee hives. The badgers then expose the hives and
feed on the honey first. Next the honey birds eat.
Both species benefit.
 Example:
Oxpeckers feed on the ticks found on a
rhinocerous. The oxpeckers get a meal and the
rhinocerous is helped by the removal of ticks.
Commensalism
A
relationship in which one organism benefits
and the other is not harmed nor helped.
 Example:
Barnacles attach to whales. Barnacles
get a free ride, but it doesn’t affect the whales.
 Example:
A sparrow will build its nest under the
next of the osprey. The smaller bird gets
protection. The osprey is neither helped nor
harmed.
Interactions between species
and their effects
Type of
Interaction
Competition
Predation
Mutualism
Commensalism
Species 1 Species 2
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