Download Territories Divided

Early Exploration,
Renaissance &
Religious Freedom
Territories Divided
• Portugal claimed all land west of
Africa was theirs’
• Big Problems NOW
• Pope Alexander VI divides ocean
at 400 miles west of Azore Islands
• West of line… Spain
• East of line… Portugal
• Lined named… Papal Line of
Demarcation
Treaty of Tordesillas
• 1494• line moved in agreement to new
“Treaty” 700 miles further west
when realized how much more
land there was
• Treaty of Tordesillas
divided Americas
between Spain and
Portugal
• Didn’t allow for claims by
other countries
• England, France, &
Netherlands ignored
treaty
What is the
Importance?
Exploring the Americas
• England, France, & Netherlands wanted
in on the $$$ from trade and
colonization too
• Voyage to Asia, either around Africa or
S. America long and difficult
• Want to find route going NW over
Canada
• “NW Passage”
• 1497- England sent John Cabot look
• Only made it to Newfoundland
• But trip was basis for future attempts
• 1499- Amerigo Vespucci began
mapping SA coastline
• Concluded this was new continent not
Asia
• By 1500’s European map makers begin
calling land America
Exploring the Americas
• 1513- Vasco Núñez de Balboa
• Governor of Panama to Spain
• Heard stories of “great waters”
beyond mts.
• 1513- forms a party to hike through
the jungles
• After weeks, sees Pacific Ocean
• 1st European to do so!!!
• 1524- France hires Giovanni da
Verrazano to look
• Explored coast from N. Canada all
the way to Carolinas
• 1535- French hire Jacques
Cartier
• Sails up St. Lawrence hoping it
would lead to Pacific
• Made it to present-day Montreal,
claiming land for France
Sailing Around the World
• Spanish wanted to find sea route through or around SA to Asia
• 1519- hire Ferdinand Magellan, actually Portuguese though
• 5 ships
• Sail across Atlantic then down east coast of SA
• November 1520 finds and sails through a narrow strait (now bares his
name)
• Names the ocean on other side Pacific, meaning peaceful
• Expects trip across Pacific just a few weeks
• Lasted 4 months
• Crew ran out of food
• Ate sawdust, rats, and leather to survive
• Magellan dies in the Philippines
• Crew continued
• Trip took 3 years
• Only 1 of 5 ships
• Only 18 of 200+ crew members
• 1st to circumnavigate, or sail around the world
Still in Search of NW Passage
• Netherlands (Dutch) wanted
to find NW Passage too
• 1609- Dutch hire Henry
Hudson
• Discovers the Hudson River
• Sails up as far as Albany and
turns back
• 1610- hired by England and
discovers Hudson Bay
• Thought it was the Pacific but
when couldn’t find outlet crew
rebelled
• Hudson, his son, and a few
sailors were kicked off boat
never to be seen again
Essential Question
• Why were countries like England, France
and the Netherlands looking for their own
path to Asia (NW Passage)?
Where it ALL Begins…
• 1517- Martin Luther (German monk)
• Nails list of complaints about Catholic
Church to door of local cathedral
• 95 Theses
• Believed church corrupt
• including the Pope!!!
• Believed faith not good deeds was way to
Heaven
• Can’t buy salvation
• Changes Europe…
• B4 all Europe Roman Catholic
• Now… people question ideals of Roman
Catholic Church
• Begin to “protest” it
• Become known as “protestants”
• Movement away from Catholic Church to
other versions of Christianity called
Protestant Reformation
• Beginning of Lutherans
Why Protestant?
Protestantism Spreads
Created What?
Names?
• Luther’s ideas spread widely
• John Calvin (French)
“Come here,
Honey… come look
through this hole. I
have a surprise for
you!”
• Agrees w/ Luther and also breaks away from
Catholic Church
• Start of Calvinism
• King Henry VIII of England breaks away too
• Selfish reasons though
• Wants divorce; Catholic says, “NO!”
• Declares all England now members of new
Church of England
• King is head of church now, not Pope!
• Europe divides
• Countries and people decide whether to
stay Catholic or join Protestant version of
Christianity
• Spain and France stay Catholic and work to
spread their ideas
• English and Dutch turn Protestant
• New World will be divided as well
Money, Power, Respect
• Religion only 1 of factors that
pushed Europeans across
Atlantic
• Mercantilism: money = POWER
• Spain controls trade route,
trade, money
• So… have all the power
• Too powerful to be challenged
directly
• Other countries explore areas
Spain doesn’t control
• New World has tons of goodies
and resources
• $$$ to be made
Mercantilism?
The Columbian Exchange
Define?
• Voyages of Columbus and
other explorers
• Brought 2 parts globe B4
had no contact
• Europe & Asia
• Americas
• Led to exchange of goods
on both sides of Atlantic
• To Americas- Colonists,
animals, plants, Disease
• To Europe- Crops, food,
disease
French Open Trading Posts
• Not really interested in building
an empire in New World
• Saw it as opportunity for $$$ in
fishing and fur trade
• Furs were popular in Europe
• Traders make big time $$$ in
beaver pelts
• Made agreement w/ Natives to
trade fur
• 1608- sent Samuel de
Champlain to set up trading
post
• Turns into modern-day Quebec
• Used Quebec as basis for moving
into other parts of Canada
• Built trading posts for fur
Dutch Settlements
Majority
become…???
• Wanted its share in world trade
• Hudson’s voyage starts their claims
• Netherlands was small but had large fleet
of ships
• 1621- Dutch West India Company sets up
trading colony
• New Netherland
• Where Hudson explored
• 1624- sets up forts
•
•
•
•
Fort Orange (Albany)
Fort Burlington Island (NJ)
Fort Nassau (Philadelphia)
New Amsterdam (Manhattan Island)(NYC)
• 1626- Governor pays Manhates Natives
for the island in goods
• Goods included cloth, beads, trinkets, and
metal tools like axes and hoes