Download Chapter 29 Support Protection and Movement

Chapter 07 - Support Protection and Movement
Chapter 07
Support Protection and Movement
Multiple Choice Questions
1. What is the origin of the shell of the molluscan clam?
a. Clam shell is a form of skeletal bone tissue
b. Calcium carbonate is crystalized out of the salts in the surrounding water by astrocytes on
the surface of the epidermis
c. Heavy layers of chitin are secreted by the molluscan epidermis
D. Mucous glands in the molluscan epidermis secrete the calcium carbonate of the shell
e. Mucous glands in the molluscan epidermis secrete a chitin that is then stiffened by
calcification
2. The epidermis of the vertebrate integument contains a tough, fibrous protein called
a. Sclerotin
B. Keratin
c. Calcitin
d. Dermatin
e. Chitin
3. The epidermis is derived from __________ while the dermis is derived from
_______________.
a. Ectoderm, endoderm
b. Endoderm, ectoderm
c. Ectoderm, ectoderm as well
D. Ectoderm, mesoderm
e. Endoderm, mesoderm
4. Which is NOT a correct association of epidermal and dermal structures and origins?
A. Fish scales—modified collagen
b. Claws—combination of epidermal and dermal components
c. Armor of crocodilians—dermal bones
d. Stratum corneum—callused epidermis
e. Cornified cells—dead keratinized skin cells
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5. Dust on bookshelves and elsewhere in a house is made mostly of
a. Dry mucous
b. White blood cells
c. Dried sweat and uric acid crystals
D. Dead skin cells
e. Pulverized minerals and "dirt."
6. The reflective properties of surface tissue may form
a. Organic pigments
B. Structural colors such as iridescence
c. Chromatophores
d. The melanin effect
e. None of the choices are correct
7. Which is NOT a correct association of animal pigments?
a. Ommachromes and pteridines—yellow pigments of mollusks
b. Melanins—black or brown pigments
c. Carotenoids—yellow and red pigments
D. Iridiophores—blue and green pigments
e. All of the choices are correct
8. When you get a suntan, why does it soon fade away if you do not consistently spend time in
the sun?
a. The melanin breaks down if not kept warm
b. The melanin is absorbed at a constant rate and you have to build it up faster than it is
absorbed
C. "Tanned" cells are eventually sloughed off (although melanin is produced in living stem
cells that continue to divide, half the melanin is lost into each daughter cell that dies and is
pushed to the surface)
d. Sunlight suppresses the lighter skin pigments and they can again return to mask the melanin
e. Ultraviolet radiation destroys melanin
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9. An example of a non-muscular hydrostatic skeleton is
a. An elephant's trunk
B. The earthworm's body
c. The human tongue
d. A squid tentacle
e. All of the choices are hydrostatic skeletons
10. How does an elephant extend a proboscis that has no bone structure in it?
a. Muscles forcibly expand
b. The trunk is an empty chamber and water is forced into it
C. The elephant trunk is an example of a muscular hydrostat
d. This is a hydraulic system similar to what was found in echinoderms
e. Antagonistic muscles operate in pairs across flexible cartilage
11. Hyaline cartilage contains
a. Collagenous fibers surrounding numerous blood vessels
b. Osteocytes surrounded by a calcium gel and a meshwork of collagenous fibers
C. Chondrocytes surrounded by a protein gel complex and a meshwork of collagenous fibers
d. Lacunae containing osteocytes and a meshwork of collagenous fibers
e. A highly variable mixture of protein gel and carbohydrate crystals
12. Which is NOT a correct association of bone features?
A. Replacement bone—bone repair after a break
b. Cancellous bone—first stage of all bone growth
c. Compact bone—most dense form to withstand stress in long bones
d. Intramembranous bone—from sheets of embryonic cells; mostly facial bones
e. Endochondral bone—replaces cartilage
13. Compact bone is composed of a matrix arranged in concentric rings; the rings contain
cavities interconnected by small passages called
a. Lacunae
b. Osteocytes
C. Canaliculi
d. Osteons
e. Haversian system
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14. Bone tissue should be characterized as
a. Merely nonliving secretions of calcium
b. A dead cell product similar to the keratin of hair
C. Active tissue with a rich blood supply
d. A barely active, low metabolism, tissue
e. The equivalent of a calcium carbonate clam shell
15. Bone growth involves its destruction internally by boneresorbing cells called
a. Chondrocytes
b. Osteons
c. Osteoblasts
D. Osteoclasts
e. Canaliculi
16. Bone growth depends on a supply of calcium in the blood and bone also serves as a
reservoir for stored calcium. What is responsible for maintaining a constant level of calcium
in the blood?
a. A derivative of vitamin D
b. Parathyroid hormone
c. Calcitonin
D. All of the choices are involved in regulating blood calcium levels
e. None of the choices are correct
17. Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and caudal are
a. Categories of body muscle
b. Ways of walking
c. Regions of the brain
D. Regions of vertebrae
e. Types of bone tissues
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18. Which statement(s) about ribs is correct?
a. Ribs prevent collapse of the lungs and help make negative pressure breathing possible
b. Fishes have a pair of ribs for every vertebra
c. Leopard frogs lack ribs altogether
d. Most humans have 12 pairs of ribs but about one-in-twenty has a thirteenth pair
E. All of the choices are correct
19. The ________ is part of the appendicular skeleton of a vertebrate.
a. Neurocranium
b. Atlas
C. Humerus
d. Sacrum
e. Mandible
20. The most important protein contractile system is the
a. Contractile vacuole
B. Actomyosin system
c. Ectoplasm-endoplasm system
d. Flagellar system
e. Microtubular system
21. "Dynein arms link to adjacent microtubules, then swivel and release in repeated cycles,
causing microtubules on the concave side to slide outward past microtubules on the convex
side" describes the action moving a
a. Muscle fiber
B. Cilium or flagellum
c. Contractile vacuole
d. Pseudopodium
e. Cell organelle
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22. The difference(s) between a cilium and flagellum is (are)
a. Their internal structure and rate of beat
b. Their internal and external structure
c. Their external structure only
D. Their size, number, and beating pattern
e. Their primary source of energy
23. The organization of a muscle, from largest unit to smallest, is
a. Discrete muscle-fiber-fascicle-myofibrils- myofilaments
b. Discrete muscle-myofibrils- myofilaments- fiber-fascicle
c. Discrete muscle-fiber-fascicle-myofilaments- myofibrils
D. Discrete muscle-fascicle-fiber-myofibrils-myofilaments
e. Discrete muscle-fascicle-myofibrils-fiber-myofilaments
24. Each striated muscle cell is
a. Composed of keratin and collagen
B. A multi-nucleate cell
c. A fully-formed muscle
d. A myofilament
e. A fascicle
25. The protein complex located at intervals along the actin strand of skeletal muscle is a
calcium-dependent switch called ___________ that acts as the control point in the contraction
process.
a. Myosin
b. Tropomyosin
c. Sarconin
D. Troponin
e. Myoglobin
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26. In each myofibril of striated muscle, the sarcomere is the entire area between two
A. Z lines
b. A bands
c. I bands
d. Myofilaments
e. Troponin molecules
27. What begins or triggers muscle contraction?
a. High levels of oxygen and sugar
b. Release of acetylcholine at a synapse that directly causes actin and myosin to slide
c. Release of surplus ATP by a nerve motor unit
D. A nerve releases Acetylcholine, which triggers flow of calcium, which unblocks troponin
e. A nerve releases troponin which triggers flow of calcium which unblocks acetylcholine
28. A motor unit is
a. The functional unit of smooth muscle
b. The whole muscle that is supplied by a motor nerve
c. Only the muscle fibers it innervates
D. A motor neuron and all the muscle cells that it innervates
e. The part of a muscle cell that acts independently during muscle contraction
29. Which best describes muscle action?
a. A nerve stimulus causes the muscle to jerk as a reflex response
b. A nerve stimulus releases ATP to provide energy for muscle contraction
c. The release of acetylcholine from the nerve junction flows across the muscle cell and the
calcium released causes the actin and myosin molecules to spread apart
D. Myosin and actin molecules will use ATP and catch-pull-release as long as nerve stimuli
prevented troponin from blocking the action
e. None of the choices are correct
30. Which of the following chemicals provides the "energy reserve" for muscle contraction?
a. Actin
B. Myosin
c. Creatine phosphate
d. Troponin
e. Calcium
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