Download Astronomy Lecture 1a

NAME ______________________________________________________________ ASTRONOMY TEST # 1
___ 1. Momentum depends upon a body's A.velocity B.mass C.momentum depends upon both the velocity
and mass of an object
___ 2. The Summer Solstice occurs in A.May B.June C.July D.August E.the Summer Solstice can occur
during either June or July, depending upon the relative position of the Sun
___ 3. The charge of the atomic nucleus is A.positive B.negative C.some are negative, some are positive
___ 4. The most useful isotopic dating technique for Earth rocks, lunar samples and meteorites has been
A.Carbon 14 B.Uranium-Thorium C.Rubidium-Strontium D.Potassium-Argon E.Uranium-Uranium
___ 5. The ? translated and preserved the works of the ancient astronomers and named many stars. A.Maya
B.Arabs C.Chinese D.Olmecs E.Mesopotamians
___ 6. ? resist compression. A.solids B.liquids C.both solids and liquids resist compression
___ 7. Gravitational forces depend upon the A.mass of the objects B.distance between the objects C.both mass
and distance influence gravitational attraction
___ 8. The meridian situated on the celestial sphere ? passes through the zenith. A.never B.sometimes
C.always
___ 9. Newton's Second Law of Motion is also termed the Law of A.Action and Reaction B.Inertia C.Force
___ 10. In most astronomical situations ? ions are most important. A.positive B.negative C.there is a balance
between positive and negative ions in the Cosmos
___ 11. The most common element in the Cosmos is A.oxygen B.nitrogen C.helium D.hydrogen E.carbon
___ 12. The Earth ? on its axis. A.rotates B.revolves C.the Earth both rotates and revolves on its axis
___ 13. Plasma is a hot, ionized A.solid B.liquid C.gas D.plasma may be in solid, liquid or gaseous form
___ 14. ? was the first astronomer to discover Earth precession. A.Ptolemy B.Copernicus C.Brahe
D.Hipparchus E.Eratosthenes
___ 15. Bending of light waves when they pass from one material into another is termed A.reflection
B.refraction C.both reflection and refraction involve the bending of waves
___ 16. ? clocks keep track of the local hour angle of the Venal Equinox. A.sidereal B.synodic C.both sideral
and synodic clocks keep track of the local hour angle of the Venal Equinox
___ 17. A ziggurat is a A.celestial bearing formulated by the Mesopotamians B.eclipse sighting C.moon cycle
D.planet alignment E.pyramid
___ 18. The Tropic of Capricorn is in the ? Hemisphere. A.Northern B.Southern C.it depends upon the time of
year
___ 19. ? invented terrestrial latitude and longitude and was the first to orient maps with north at the top and
east to the right. A.Ptolemy B.Copernicus C.Brahe D.Hipparchus E.Eratosthenes
___ 20. ? is a physical quantity that gives the speed of a body and the direction in which it is moving. A.mass
B.momentum C.velocity D.acceleration E.weight
___ 21. Sun declination varies about ? degrees north and south of the celestial equator. A.8.5 B.12.5 C.18.5
D.23.5 E.sun declination does not vary; it is always directly above the celestial equator
___ 22. ? is when a planet is opposite the Sun in the sky. A.opposition B.conjunction C.in both opposition and
conjunction the planet is opposite the Sun in the sky
___ 23. The Prime Meridian is at zero degrees A.latitude B.longitude C.the Prime Meridian refers to both
latitude and longitude
___ 24. The Epicyclic Model of ? was used to predict the positions of celestial objects for about 1500 years.
A.Ptolemy B.Copernicus C.Brahe D.Hipparchus E.Eratosthenes
___ 25. The beginning of the lunar month is considered to be during ? phase. A.first quarter B.third quarter
C.full moon D.new moon
___ 26. ? stars have angular sizes greater than a second of arc. A.no B.some C.most
___ 27. ? atoms and molecules of gases move faster with increasing temperature. A.lighter B.heavier C.there
is no difference in molecular movement between lighter versus heavier gas atoms and molecules
___ 28. Mercury and Venus are ? planets. A.inferior B.superior C.it depends upon the time of year
___ 29. ? involves heat transport due to direct collisions of atoms, molecules, or ions. A.conduction
B.convection C.radiative transfer D.all of the above involve direct collisions
___ 30. As speed of an object increases, kinetic energy A.increases B.decreases C.kinetic energy remains the
same, as energy can neither be created nor destroyed
___ 31. The Ideal Gas Law relates gas characteristics to A.volume B.temperature C.pressure D.all of the
above
___ 32. During equinoxes the length of the day and night are equal ? on Earth. A.some places B.most places
C.all places
___ 33. ? published the Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica. A.Galileo B.Brahe C.Newton
D.Kepler E.Copernicus
___ 34. In retrograde motion the planets appear to move ? with respect to the stars. A.eastward B.westward
C.it depends upon the planet; only a few display retrograde motion
___ 35. The ? first originated the idea of dividing the circle into 360° and further dividing each degree into 60
minutes and each minute into 60 seconds. A.Egyptians B.Greeks C.Chinese D.Olmecs
E.Mesopotamians
___ 36. The atomic number is determined by the number of A.neutrons B.electrons C.protons
___ 37. An azimuth oriented directly towards the west would be at ? degrees. A.0 B.45 C.90 D.180 E.270
___ 38. The formula F = ma refers to Newton's Law of A.Action and Reaction B.Inertia C.Force
___ 39. If you were facing toward the south the stars would appear to rotate in the sky in a ? motion.
A.clockwise B.counterclockwise C.it would depend on the time of night
___ 40. ? zodiacal constellations are situated along the ecliptic. A.all B.some C.no
___ 41. Electrons carry a ? charge. A.positive B.negative C.some are negative, some are positive
___ 42. The North Pole is at 90 degrees A.latitude B.longitude C.the North Pole is actually at 180 degrees
rather than 90
___ 43. The signs of the Zodiac originated with the A.Egyptians B.Greeks C.Chinese D.Olmecs
E.Mesopotamians
___ 44. ? is measured in degrees, minutes and seconds of arc. A.declination B.right ascension C.both
declination and right ascension are measured in degrees, minutes and seconds of arc
___ 45. A highly reflective body has ? albedo. A.less B.more C.there is no correlation between albedo and
reflectivity
___ 46. Some planets have angular sizes almost as large as a ? of arc. A.degree B.minute C.second
___ 47. ? was the first astronomer to fully develop the heliocentric theory. A.Galileo B.Brahe C.Newton
D.Kepler E.Copernicus
___ 48. Mercury and Venus are best observed during a A.conjunction B.greatest elongation C.it makes no
difference when observations are made
___ 49. The solar day is longer during A.aphelion B.perihelion C.the length of the solar day does not change
___ 50. One astronomical unit is about ? million miles. A.8.3 B.23.5 C.93 D.150 E.365
___ 51. A wave is composed of a regular series of ? that move through a medium or through empty space.
A.particles B.disturbances C.waves can be composed of either a series of particles or a series of
disturbances moving through a medium or through empty space
___ 52. The dominant energy transport in gases is A.conduction B.convection C.radiative transfer D.all of the
above are equally important
___ 53. Dark surfaces are typically ? reflectors. A.poor B.good C.there is no relationship between color and
reflectivity
___ 54. Isotopes of an element have different numbers of A.neutrons B.electrons C.protons
___ 55. Planets move fastest at A.aphelion B.perihelion C.planets move at the same rate of speed throughout
their orbital cycle
___ 56. Using an early telescope, studies by ? on the angular sizes of stars showed that Copernicus' theories
were probably correct. A.Galileo B.Brahe C.Newton D.Kepler E.Ptolemy
___ 57. When a planet approaches the Sun, gravitational energy becomes A.smaller B.larger C.gravitational
energy always remains the same
___ 58. Four Newtons would equal about ? pounds of pressure. A.one B.two C.three D.four E.five
___ 59. Traveling from east to west you would ? an hour when you cross a time zone. A.add B.subtract
___ 60. Water is an A.element B.compound
___ 61. ? invented differential and integral calculus. A.Galileo B.Brahe C.Newton D.Kepler E.Copernicus
___ 62. The year 1800 ? a leap year; the year 2000 ? a leap year. A.was; was B.was; was not C.was not; was
D.you cannot determine this from the data given
___ 63. As temperature increases, a blackbody will emit ? electromagnetic wavelengths. A.shorter B.longer
C.there is no relationship between blackbody temperature versus wavelength emitted
___ 64. During a year the Sun would complete ? circle around the Zodiac. A.one B.two C.the Zodiac has
nothing to do with Sun position
___ 65. ? first discovered that four large moons orbit Jupiter. A.Galileo B.Brahe C.Newton D.Kepler
E.Copernicus
___ 66. The amount of material in a body, or the measure of the inertia of a body, defines A.mass
B.momentum C.velocity D.acceleration E.weight
___ 67. ? was the first scientist to accurately determine the circumference of the Earth, differing from the true
value by only about 15%. A.Ptolemy B.Copernicus C.Brahe D.Hipparchus E.Eratosthenes
___ 68. When one body exerts a force on a second body, the second body also exerts a force on the first. This
relationship was first defined precisely by A.Galileo B.Brahe C.Newton D.Kepler E.Copernicus
___ 69. The zenith is ? directly above your head. A.never B.sometimes C.always
___ 70. Weight will ? with increasing altitude from the Earth's surface. A.increase B.decrease C.there is no
relationship between weight and altitude
___ 71. The Synodic Month is about ? days long. A.27.3 B.29.5 C.the Synodic Month may be either 27.3 days
or 29.5 days long
___ 72. The altitude and azimuth of a star ? shift during the night. A.would B.would not
___ 73. Time zones encompass about ? degrees of longitude. A.10 B.15 C.20 D.23.5 E.24
___ 74. A body moving at escape velocity would move in the form of a A.circle B.ellipse C.parabola
D.hyperbola
___ 75. ? made very accurate astronomical observations; his data were used by Kepler to formulate theories of
planetary motion. A.Galileo B.Brahe C.Newton D.Ptolemy E.Copernicus
___ 76. Gamma rays have ? wavelengths. A.small B.large C.gamma rays may have either small or large
wavelengths, depending upon their temperature
___ 77. Accretional heating is due to A.radioactivity B.kinetic energy C.both radioactivity and kinetic energy
are equally important in accretional heating
___ 78. In the Doppler Effect ? changes. A.wavelength B.frequency C.both wavelength and frequency changes
___ 79. Photons ? mass. A.have B.have no
___ 80. ? is measured eastward from the Vernal Equinox. A.declination B.right ascension C.both declination
and right ascension are measured eastward from the Vernal Equinox
___ 81. ? first discovered that planets move in elliptical orbits. A.Galileo B.Brahe C.Newton D.Kepler
E.Copernicus
___ 82. ? first discovered that in the absence of air resistance, all objects fall in exactly the same way. A.Galileo
B.Brahe C.Newton D.Kepler E.Copernicus
___ 83. The diurnal motion of a star is towards the A.west B.east C.the diurnal motion of a star is toward the
east except during retrograde motion
___ 84. During the Autumnal Equinox the Sun would be positioned over the A.Tropic of Capricorn B.Celestial
Equator C.Tropic of Cancer D.Sun position has nothing to do with the Autumnal Equinox
___ 85. The concept of the Conservation of Angular Momentum was first formulated by A.Galileo B.Brahe
C.Newton D.Kepler E.Copernicus
___ 86. Electromagnetic waves with small wavelengths have ? frequencies. A.low B.high C.there is no
relationship between wavelength versus frequency
___ 87. The ? system uses right ascension and declination to define the position of astronomical objects.
A.horizon B.equatorial C.both the horizon and equatorial systems use right ascension and declination
___ 88. A Blackbody A.absorbs all wavelengths of light B.emits electromagnetic radiation C.blackbodies both
absorb and emit radiation
___ 89. The Law of Inertia was formulated by A.Galileo B.Brahe C.Newton D.Kepler E.Copernicus
___ 90. The ? first developed the 52 year-cycle "Calendar Round" system with a 260 day "Almanac Year" and a
365 day "Solar Year". A.Maya B.Arabs C.Chinese D.Olmecs E.Mesopotamians
___ 91. According to Einstein's Special Relativity Theory, mass and energy ? interchangable. A.are B.are not
___ 92. During nuclear ?, less massive nuclei are produced. A.fusion B.fission C.in both fusion and fission,
less massive nuclei are produced
___ 93. At arms length your fist is about ? degrees across the knuckles. A.2 B.5 C.10 D.15 E.20
___ 94. During the early history of the Solar System, radioactive heating was probably A.less B.greater
C.there has been no change in the amount of radioactive heating throughout the history of the Solar
System
___ 95. By rolling balls down inclined planes, ? first discovered that the distance a ball travels is proportional to
the square of the time that it has been in motion. A.Galileo B.Brahe C.Newton D.Kepler
E.Copernicus
___ 96. The Sidereal Day is ? than the Mean Solar Day. A.shorter B.longer C.there is no difference between
the Sidereal versus Mean Solar Day
___ 97. Because of his inability to detect stellar parallax, ? proposed that the Sun and Moon orbited the Earth
and the other planets orbited the Sun. A.Galileo B.Brahe C.Newton D.Kepler E.Copernicus
___ 98. ? first discovered that a planet will move so that an imaginary line connecting the planet to the sun
sweeps out equal areas in equal intervals of time. A.Galileo B.Brahe C.Newton D.Kepler
E.Copernicus
___ 99. An atom is the smallest unit of a A.element B.compound
___ 100. If the average speed of a gas is greater than about ? the escape velocity, all the atoms will escape a
planet's atmosphere in a relatively short period of time. A.1/2 B.1/3 C.1/4 D.1/6 E.1/10