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Organic Compounds! “Built” around Carbon • • • • • Carbon has 4 valence electrons Forms: Single Double Triple bonds Hydrocarbons • Often times… HUGE molecules. Consisting of carbon and hydrogen. Like: • Gasoline, might be 25-30 Carbons and lots of Hydrogen ( some other elements too, but mostly C,H) Allotropes ( types/ forms) • Diamond – Pyrimidal structure • Graphite- Sheets • Coal- Amorphus BuckyBalls! C60 Carbon Nanotubes I like Bicycles!!!!! Triglycerides • Glycerol + 3 fatty acids • Let’s draw it like: • (note to self… really cool drawing here!) Saturated Fat • The fatty acid is saturated with H Unsaturated Fatty Acid • Is missing some H, results in double bonds, and a “kink” in the “tail” PolyUnsaturated Fatty acid • Contain many missing H and therefore many double bonds. A very Kinky Tail Significance of the Fats…. • Saturated Unsaturated • What are some examples: • Significance? PolyUnsaturated Isomer • An Isomer is a compound that has the same chemical formula but different structural formula • C6H12O6 • Glucose, Fructose or Galactose Naming Carbon Compounds • Based on number of Carbons in the continuous chain. Prefixes are used- denoting the number of carbons. They are: • 1= meth2= eth- 3= prop- 4= but- … pent-, hex-, hept-, oct-, non-, dec- Classes of Organic compounds • 1. Alkanes. Have only single bonds lots of H! (end with –ane) General formula is CnH2n+2 Examples: Cycloalkanes: CnH2n • 2. Alkenes Have 2 missing H and therefore will have a double bond (end with –ene) • General formula is CnH2n • Examples: • 3. Alkynes have 2 pairs of missing H ( 4H total) (end with – yne) • General formula is CnH2n-2 • Examples: Substituents / Functional Groups • There are 9 major functional groups that change a “simple” molecule into a slightly more complex one. Their names and properties will change. • We’ll look at 5 of them that we see somewhat often. Alkyls • An alkyl is basically an alkane that has lost an H and is attached to a larger molecule • Examples: • Other examples: methyl propane, 2-methyl hexane, 3-ethyloctane Halocarbons • Halocarbons are basically alkanes that have a halogen. • CFC’s Chloro Fluoro Carbons • Dichloro Difluro Methane • Destroy Ozone… • Used as refrigerants Freon, etc. Amines • Have an amino group- NH2 • Amino Acids: • Methylamine, aminomethane: • 1,4-diaminobutane: • 1,5-diaminopentane: Carboxylic Acids • Carboxylic acids have a carboxyl group COOH associated with them. (end with –oic acid) • CH3COOH • Ethanoic acid • Aka acetic acid aka vinegar! Alcohols • Alcohols have an OH attached to them (end with –ol) ( or a specific alcohol) • Methanol , methyl alcohol • Ethanol • Propanol – Isopropanol • 3- Octanol