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Introduction to Applied Linguistics 10th November 2004 Lecture 8 The History of TEFL in Hungary Why is it important to know the history of TEFL? Not to repeat former mistakes in language teaching It is important to know people’s beliefs and misbeliefs in connection with learning language these must be taken into consideration In Hungary people’s attitude was negative toward Russian their attitude remained negative toward other foreign languages & language teaching in general The situation of the knowledge of any language in Hungary: Nowadays the percentage of the knowledge of any language quite low (and Russian is mainly excluded); only 15-20% of Hungarians speak at least 1 foreign language Universities for Hungarians in the neighbouring countries: There is a dilemma whether these should be only Hungarian Bilingualism should be developed, but university directors are reluctant to achieve this Before 1959 Hungarian universities in Transylvania were merged with Romanian universities and after 1959 Hungarian as the language of teaching ceased to exist Only in 2002 did they got back the possibility to tech in Hungarian ▼ it is essential to change the educational programme Educational Reforms: Definition: it is a fundamental change in education in order to improve the quality of learning An educational reform has many years to be carried out there are few years of preparation, then approximately 10 years in practice and after it 1-2 years of evaluation Real changes in language teaching: Six or seven years ago the learning of language became a single major before, another language must have been studied During the Socialist era public education provided the possibility of learning 2 languages, but with the introduction of the NAT this ceased to exist ▼ this was an educational policy change As a result: - the knowledge of English has increased but not in a desirable quality and quantity - people know a little English but it is not enough - at the beginning of the 1990s there were bad teachers number of English lessons increased, but the quality has not Changes of the 1980s: in 1980 there was a conference about whether American or British English should be taught they agreed on both in 1982 there was another conference where it was agreed that only British English should be taught because it is closer to Hungary geographically 10 years later American English became more popular 1 Introduction to Applied Linguistics 10th November 2004 Lecture 8 History of language teaching in Hungary: until the 1920s English teaching wasn’t present in Hungarian education French and German were taught between the two World Wars English was taught in Debrecen, but the English department of Debrecen was closed in 1949 after World War II only Russian was taught after 1957 some people were able to complete their English studies, because Országh László re-established the English department in Debrecen in 1965 the department of English was founded in Szeged but there were not too many students of English all around the country ( approximately 60-70 students) Teaching EFL in Socialism 1974: IATEFEL ( British based teacher association) had a conference in Bp. English learning changed and became popular, before English was very unpopular IEA Comparative in all kinds of topics all over the world In the 1970s participated in IEA among the communist countries IEA showed that the most efficient public education took place in Hungary and Japan BUT IEA made tests on English -highschool students were efficient in speaking but they “didn’t understand” the language - listening & speaking skills weren’t on the same level The reason: - educational history - in the USSR there was a drive for teaching practical things - that time the Soviets introduced the 5+1 system = 5 days of learning and 1 day in the factory - the aim was to boost speaking & to de-emphasise listening ▼ this became the requirement in the entire educational system This is on reason why we should know the history of TEFEL One must place equal emphasis on both skills CETT From 1990 there were not very well trained English teachers CETT changed programmes in English departments they introduced practical lessons that helped teachers how to teach grammar, pronunciation, etc. There are CETTs in Bp., Debrecen & Szeged In CETTs students are required to teach 60 hours (30 in primary and 30 in high schools) CETT is the mutual program of the Hungarian government & the British Council BUT in the late 1990s the programme of the CETT was stopped 2