Download Lecture Test 3 Review Sheet Chapter 6 Be able to define energy

Lecture Test 3 Review Sheet
Chapter 6
Be able to define energy, and be able to differentiate between potential and kinetic energy.
Understand the first and second laws of thermodynamics, and what the term entropy means.
Know the definition of metabolism, anabolism, and catabolism.
Know the difference between and endergonic and exergonic reaction.
Know what ATP is, and how it is used to drive endergonic reactions using “coupled” reactions.
Know what an enzyme is, and what the definition of a catalyst is.
Know what a substrate is, what products are, and what the active site is.
Know the factors that affect enzymes, such as pH, temperature, concentration, inhibitors, and cofactors,
and know specifically how each factor affects enzyme activity.
Understand how feedback inhibition works, when the final product can act as an inhibitor of the initial
enzyme in a chain.
Know what oxidation and reduction mean.
Chapter 7
Know the function of NAD+ and FAD, and how there reduction and oxidation are critical to cellular
respiration.
Know the various phases of cellular respiration and where they take place.
Know what happens in glycolysis, including the inputs and outputs per molecule of glucose put in.
Know what happens in the preparatory reaction, including the inputs and outputs per molecule of
glucose put in.
Know what happens in the citric acid/krebs cycle, including the inputs and outputs per molecule of
glucose put in.
Understand how the Electron Transport Chain works, how it is organized in the cristae, and how the
electrons and hydrogen ions flow to create ATP, include the function of ATP synthase, oxygen, water,
NAD/NADH, and FAD/FADH2.
Understand the purpose, inputs, and outputs of fermentation, both lactic acid and ethanol.
Chapter 8
Understand the purpose of photosynthesis, and the difference between heterotrophs and autotrophs.
Understand the purpose of pigments in plant cells, and that there is more than just chlorophyll a and b.
Understand what wavelengths of light plants absorb, and why plants are green.
Understand how the light reactions work, including how photosystem II splits water to form hydrogen
ions and electrons, and oxygen is released as a by-product.
Understand the role of NADP/NADPH in the light reactions.
Understand that ATP is produced in the light reactions by the creation of a hydrogen ion gradient that
ATP synthase uses to generate ATP.
Understand that the light reactions use light to excite electrons to a higher energy state.
Know that these reactions take place in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts.
Understand the Calvin cycle, how CO2 is fixed, and reduced using ATP and NADPH generated in the light
reactions.
Know that the product of the Calvin cycle, G3P, can form the backbone to a variety of different
compounds.
Know the difference between the C3 and C4 cycles, and how the CAM pathway is different, and that
these differences arose in response to hot dry climates, where conserving water is an issue, and when
oxygen builds up it competes with carbon dioxide for the calvin cycle.
Know how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are similar and different.
Chapter 9
Know the function of roots, stems, and leaves.
Know the function of meristematic, ground, vascular, and epidermal tissue.
Know the difference between xylem and phloem.
This test will cover everything from Chapter 6, Chapter 7, Chapter 8, and parts of Chapter 9, including
the sections on plant organs, and plant tissues only.