Download 1. Possible answer: Around the time of Muhammad`s birth, Makkah

G U I D E
T O
R E A D I N G
N O T E S
Section 2
Section 4
1. Possible answer: Around the time of
Muhammad’s birth, Makkah was a prosperous
desert trading city on the Arabian Peninsula
where many merchants had become wealthy.
Makkah was also a religious center, and pilgrims from all over Arabia came to worship at
the Ka’bah.
1. cave, Gabriel, Allah, Qur’an
2. The Ka’bah was built by Abraham, for God,
centuries before Muhammad’s birth. In
Muhammad’s time, most Arabs were polytheists and the Ka’bah housed statues of many
different gods.
3. Possible answer: Though there was no central
government uniting Arabs during this time,
they shared ties of culture, particularly language.
Section 3
1. birth, orphan, trader, marriage
2. Possible answer: Few people noticed
Muhammad’s birth. His family was not very
wealthy, and his mother sent him to live with
a family of nomads in the desert. He later
returned to the city and his mother, before
becoming an orphan. In time, Muhammad
became a trader who was known for his honesty. When he was 25, a widow named Khadijah
proposed marriage. She and Muhammad had
several children, including a daughter
named Fatima.
622 C.E. Muhammad and his
followers leave on the hijrah.
619 C.E. Muhammad’s uncle Abu
Talib dies and Muslims come under
more attacks in Makkah.
2. Muhammad was praying in a cave in the
mountains when he was visited by the angel
Gabriel.
3. Muslim means “one who surrenders to God.”
4. The holy book of Islam is the Qur’an. It contains the messages from God that Muhammad
received from Gabriel.
Section 5
1. reject, followers, boycott, Night Journey
2. Muhammad taught that people must worship
one God, that all believers in God were equal,
and that the rich should share their wealth
with the poor. He urged Makkans to take care
of orphans and the poor, and to improve the
status of women.
3. Makkah’s leaders did not want to share their
wealth, and they feared that if Muhammad
became too powerful he would seize political
power.
4. Jerusalem is the site of Muhammad’s Night
Journey where he met and prayed with earlier
prophets, such as Abraham, Moses, and Jesus,
before being guided through the seven levels of
heaven and meeting God (Allah).
Section 6
1. Madinah, People of the Book, battles, Last
Sermon
2. See completed timeline below.
624 C.E. Fighting breaks out
between the Muslims and Makkans.
628 C.E. Makkans make a truce with the Muslims.
600 C.E.
622–628 C.E.
Muhammad
develops a
new Muslim
community
in Madinah.
© Teachers’ Curriculum Institute
632 C.E. Muhammad
delivers his Last Sermon.
650 C.E.
630 C.E. Muhammad’s army captures
Makkah; he rededicates the Ka’bah
to Allah.
The Origins and Spread of Islam 1
G U I D E
T O
R E A D I N G
N O T E S
Section 7 and 8
1. See completed map below.
2. Possible answer: Most of Arabia was under
Muslim control by the time Muhammad died.
After his death, later caliphs unified Arabia
and expanded Islamic territory across the
Middle East and North Africa. The fourth
caliph was Muhammad’s son-in-law, Ali.
After his death, Sunnis and Shi’ah split in a
dispute over who should be the next caliph.
60°N
This division continues today. In 661, the
Umayyad caliphs moved the Muslim capital
to Damascus. Muslims expanded into India,
Central Asia, and Europe. A Muslim defeat
at the Battle of Tours in France in 732 ended
expansion into Europe, but Muslims kept control of Spain.
0°
0
N
1,000 miles
E
W
20°W
500
0
500
1,000 kilometers
Azimuthal Equal-Area Projection
S
Tours
40°N
SPAIN
Damascus
20°E
Jerusalem
AFRICA
PERSIA
EGYPT
ARABIAN
PENINSULA
20°N
Makkah
(Mecca)
Islamic lands at Muhammad’s death, 632
40°E
Territory added, 633–661
Territory added, 662–750
0°N
City
60°E
MW_LG_07_01.eps
Expansion of Islam, 632-750
Second Proof
TCI20 19
© Teachers’ Curriculum Institute
The Origins and Spread of Islam 2