Download ch 21

ch 21
True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
____
1. Many American officials believed that the Depression had caused World War II.
____
2. Truman told Stalin about the atomic bomb at the Yalta Conference.
____
3. According to the Long Telegram, communism could not be beaten without going to war.
____
4. After the Chinese civil war, Communist China became a member of the United Nations.
____
5. General MacArthur wanted to use the atomic bomb against China during the Korean War.
____
6. Truman's loyalty review program calmed public fears that Communists had infiltrated the government.
____
7. During the Cold War, there was solid evidence of Soviet espionage.
____
8. Joseph McCarthy never showed the list he said he had of known Communists in the State Department.
____
9. Eisenhower's defense policy resulted in significant cuts in military spending.
____ 10. American troops are still based in Korea today.
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 11. At Yalta, the leaders agreed to recognize the Polish government that the Soviets had set up if Stalin agreed to
a. allow free enterprise in Poland.
b. allow Poland to trade with the West.
c. hold free elections there as soon as possible.
d. give up his demand for reparations from Germany.
____ 12. Which of the following best completes the diagram?
a. Germany must be Communist.
b. Germany must be divided.
c. Germany must make reparations.
d. Berlin must be placed under Soviet control.
____ 13. The Long Telegram resulted in
a. the Marshall Plan.
b. the establishment of the CIA.
c. the Berlin airlift.
d. the containment policy.
____ 14. Truman said the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan were essential for
a. containment.
b. world economic recovery.
c. world peace.
d. American prosperity.
____ 15. When the United States, Britain, and France merged their zones in Germany, the Soviet Union responded by
a. threatening to declare war.
b. building the Berlin Wall.
c. blockading West Berlin.
d. organizing a military alliance.
____ 16. The Korean War pitted the military forces of North Korea and China against
a. the United States.
b. the Soviet Union.
c. South Korea.
d. the United Nations.
____ 17. Ethel and Julius Rosenberg were charged with
a. passing atomic secrets to the Soviets.
b. plotting to overthrow the U.S.
c. being Communist Party members.
d. planning acts of terrorism.
____ 18. Joseph McCarthy created the media frenzy that began his witch hunt by
a. accusing Alger Hiss of being a Soviet spy.
b. saying that there were spies in the United States Army.
c. urging the House Un-American Activities Committee to hold open hearings.
d. saying that he had a list of Communists employed by the State Department.
____ 19. Popular support for Joseph McCarthy began to fade when
a. he began to accuse popular film stars.
b. millions watched him bully witnesses in televised hearings investigating the Army.
c. he could not produce the list he said he had of known Communists.
d. the Senate impeached him.
____ 20. The Egyptians seized control of the Suez Canal in order to
a. assure their own national security.
b. expel Western influences from their country.
c. use the canal’s profits to pay for a dam.
d. assure access to the canal for their ally, the Soviet Union.
____ 21. At Yalta, the leaders agreed to
a. divide Germany among the four Allied powers.
b. allow half of Germany to be Communist and the other half democratic.
c. help Germany’s economy to recover.
d. allow free elections in Germany.
____ 22. Truman’s first meeting with Soviet Foreign Minister Molotov marked a shift in Soviet-American relations
because
a. Truman gave in to most Soviet demands.
b. Truman strongly confronted Molotov.
c. Molotov gave in to most of Truman’s demands.
d. each official approached the other cautiously but diplomatically.
____ 23. The Truman Doctrine resulted in
a. the economic recovery of Europe.
b. a pledge to fight communism.
c. the rearming of West Germany.
d. the Red Scare.
____ 24. The purpose of the Marshall Plan was to
a. punish Germany for World War II.
b. prevent Germany from rearming.
c. keep Communist countries weak.
d. help Western Europe recover.
____ 25. NATO formed for the purpose of
a. promoting free trade among members.
b. spreading democracy.
c. mutual defense.
d. settling international disputes.
____ 26. Truman fired MacArthur because
a. MacArthur’s mistakes caused his forces to lose the key port of Inchon.
b. MacArthur ignored Truman’s command to invade China.
c. MacArthur wanted to withdraw American troops from China.
d. MacArthur demanded Truman’s approval to expand the war.
____ 27. The purpose of Project Venona was to
a. develop the atomic bomb.
b. crack the Soviet spy code.
c. uncover Communists in the U.S.
d. spread anti-Communist propaganda.
____ 28. The McCarran Act
a. required all government employees to sign a loyalty oath.
b. allowed the arrest of Communists in case of a national emergency.
c. imposed the death penalty on anyone convicted of espionage.
d. authorized the use of wiretaps to uncover suspected Communists.
____ 29. The Korean War resulted in
a. victory for North Korea.
b. victory for South Korea.
c. victory for the United Nations.
d. containment but no victory.
____ 30. To prevent Communists from staging revolutions within developing countries, Eisenhower used
a. brinkmanship.
b. massive retaliation.
c. embargoes.
d. covert operations.
Completion
Complete each statement.
31. At the ____________________ Conference, Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin agreed to issue the Declaration
of Liberated Europe.
32. The Communist countries of Eastern Europe came to be called ____________________ nations because they
had to remain Communist and follow Soviet policies.
33. The ____________________ was an imaginary line that separated the Communist nations of Eastern Europe
from the West.
34. The U.S. Cold War policy of ____________________ aimed to keep communism within its present territory
through the use of diplomatic, economic, and military actions.
35. After World War II, the Allies divided Korea at the ____________________ of latitude.
36. Alger Hiss was convicted of ____________________, or lying under oath.
37. Joseph McCarthy's tactics of blackening reputations with vague and unfounded charges became known as
_____________________.
38. As punishment for Joseph McCarthy, the Senate passed a vote of ____________________, or formal
disapproval.
39. The first artificial satellite to orbit the earth was called ____________________.
40. In confrontations with other countries, Eisenhower often used ____________________, going to the edge of
war to force the other side to back down.
Matching
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. J. Edgar Hoover
b. Mao Zedong
c. Winston Churchill
d. Dwight D. Eisenhower
e. George C. Marshall
f. Francis Gary Powers
g. George Kennan
h. Douglas MacArthur
i. Chiang Kai-shek
j. Philip Wylie
____ 41. U-2 pilot shot down over the Soviet Union
____ 42. wrote the novel Tomorrow! to educate the public about the horrors of atomic war
____ 43. leader of the Chinese Nationalists
____ 44. proposed the European Recovery Program that promised European nations American aid to rebuild their
economies
____ 45. leader of the People’s Republic of China
____ 46. FBI head who authorized wiretapping and infiltration of groups suspected of subversion
____ 47. “an iron curtain has descended across the continent”
____ 48. in charge of occupied Japan after World War II
____ 49. diplomat who tried to explain Soviet behavior in the “long telegram”
____ 50. the nation “must be prepared to use atomic weapons in all forms”
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. fallout
b. demilitarized zone
c. Cold War
d. Inchon
e. NASA
f. Declaration of Liberated Europe
g. CIA
h. satellite nations
i. brinkmanship
j. Warsaw Pact
____ 51. threatening nuclear strikes to back down opponents
____ 52. operated in developing countries to overthrow anti-American leaders
____ 53. asserted “the right of all people to choose the form of government under which they will live”
____ 54. created out of fear that the nation was falling behind in scientific research
____ 55. Communist countries of Eastern Europe
____ 56. border between North Korea and South Korea
____ 57. era of confrontation between the U.S. and Soviet Union
____ 58. deadly radiation left over after a nuclear blast
____ 59. military alliance in Eastern Europe
____ 60. daring attack that took the North Koreans by surprise
Essay
61. In what ways did the Korean War mark a turning point in the Cold War?
62. Explain the reasoning behind “massive retaliation” and “brinkmanship,” and describe how Eisenhower used
these concepts to help end the Korean War.
63. Tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union began to increase after World War II because the
two nations had different goals. Complete the diagram below. Then use it to help you discuss the different
concerns and beliefs that contributed to the Cold War.
64. Describe the tactics of Joseph McCarthy and explain why few challenged him.