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Cranial nerves providing parasymohatetic control
As we know, the nervous system of all mammals has two division, the central nervous
system(CNS) and peripheral nervous system(PNS). The CNS consists of the parts of nervous
system, that are encased in bone: the brain and the spinal cord. The PNS consists cranial
nerves(12 pairs), spinal nerves (31 pairs), autonomic- and sensory ganglia. It has 2 parts:
somatic PNS and visceral PNS. The visceral PNS also called the involuntary, vegetative or
autonomic nervous sístem(ANS), consists of the neurons that innervate the internal organs,
blood vessels and glands. Visceral functions such as salivating, sweating and genital
stimulation depend ont he simpathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS.
So parasympathetic control: As i sad we have got 12 cranial nerves, that arise from the brain
stem and innervate (mostly) the head. Some of the cranial nerves are part of the CNS, others
are part of the somatic PNS, and still others are part of the visceral PNS. Many cranial nerves
contain a complex mixture of axons, that perform different function.
The 12 cranial nerves: I olfactory, II optic, III oculomotor, IV trochlear, V trigeminal, VI
abducens, VII facial, VIII vestibulocochlear, IX glossopharingeal, X vagus, XI accessory, XII
hypoglossal nerve
The cranial nerves that take parts in parasymphatetic control are: 3rd, 7th, 9th and 10th.
III Oculomotor:
The oculomoter nerve controls eye movement, such as constriction of the pupil and open
eyelids. The visceral motor component controls parasympathetic innervation of the ciliary
muscles and papillare constrictor, aiding in pupillary light reflex and accommodation.
VII Facial:
The parasympathetic fibres of the facial nerve are carried by the greater petrosal and chorda
tympani branches. They innervation to several glands, including the nasal gland, palatine
gland, lacrimal gland, and pharyngeal gland.The facial nerve conveys some sensory
information from the tongue and the interior of the mouth. Also, this nerve innervates facial
muscles, controlling how to contract and produce facial expressions.
IX Glossopharyngeal:
It supplies parasympathetic fibers (those that aid the body with rest and digestion processes)
to the parotid gland and motor fibers to the stylopharyngeus muscle, which helps with
swallowing. The glossopharyngeal nerve, along with the vagus nerve, forms part of the
pharyngeal plexus, which supplies nerves to the palate and parts of the throat
X Vagus:
It interfaces with parasympathetic control of the heart, lungs and digestive tract. The vagus
nerve is responsible for such varied tasks as heart rate, gastrointestinal peristalsis, sweating,
and quite a few muscle movements in the mouth, including speech. It is the longest nerve of
the autonomic nervous system in the human body.
Source:
http://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps
http://teachmeanatomy.info/head/cranial-nerves
https://www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/peripheral-nervous-system13/cranial-nerves-131
book: Mark F.BEAR, Barrx W. CONNORS, Michael A. PARADISO NEUROSCIENCE Exploring the Brain