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FIRST GRADE ENGLISH STUDY GUIDE Miss Bertha Mijares Black 2013-2014 Books: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Frankenstein Christmas Carol Casino Royale Wizard of Oz * You may review from the points of understanding from each book and from the quizzes. Tenses: 1 Use your tense wheel to write the sentence structure of the following tenses. Simple present: Present progressive: Simple past: Past progressive: When do we use each of these tenses? Use your tense wheel to answer. Simple present: Present progressive: Simple past: Past progressive: Complete with Simple Present. 1) We sometimes shops. (look) around the 2) David usually telephone. (speak) French on the (freeze) 6) Ally 7) I 3) Stan Pat and Steve popular. (gather) (be) rather in the Pacific Ocean. (be) 5) Water when it travelling. (enjoy) 8) My aunt often 9) She 4) Hawaii his handwriting. (can/not/read) 10) They queues. (jump) to lose weight. (try) a nice garden. (have) . (expand) Form present progressive questions. 1) your parents / to wait up for you ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2) Pat / not to come / with us ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3) what / we / to do / to find / the stolen bike ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4) I / to drink / you / a glass of water ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5) how / you / to feel ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 6) why / not to clean / you / your shoes ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 FUTURE TENSE WILL / WON´T We use it to say what we hope or predict for the future. I’ll be an engineer. We use it for offers, promises, and decisions made at the time of speaking: I´ll help you study. SHALL I To make offers. Shall I pick you up from school? PRESENT PERFECT GOING TO + infinitive Future plans and intentions. I´m going to join a soccer team. Predict the future; something that can possibly happen. The bimester is almost over. We are going to have tests HAVE/ HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE PRESENT PERFECT COMBINATIONS JUST WHEN DO WE USE THEM? YET ALREADY EVER NEVER FOR SINCE Complete with the Present Perfect Tense. 1) Karen me an e-mail. (tosend) 2) Dave and Pat 3) I the museum. (tovisit) at the pet shop. (to be) 4) They already 5) Marcus 6) We 7) I 8) Emily their rucksacks. (to pack) an accident. (to have) the shopping for our grandmother. (to do) just my bike. (to clean) her room. (to paint) 3 9) Lisa and Colin to a concert. (togo) 10) My friends smoking. (to give up) Complete with simple present or present progressive. 1) John football at the moment. (play) 2) We often tests at our school. (write) 3) I to my teacher now. (talk) 4) Look! Mandy and Susan a film on TV. (watch) 5) Olivia her uncle every weekend. (visit) 6) Now the sun . (shine) 7) They sometimes poems in the lessons. (read) 8) Listen! The band the new guitar. (test) 9) First I , then I dress. (wash) 10) Every morning my mother up at 6 o'clock. (get) Complete with simple past or past progressive. 1) While I , the school bus 2) Cindy her leg while she 3) He 4) My father breakfast. (to listen) (to prepare) at 70 km/h when a policeman that the boy 6) My dad the ladder while he , we 8) Nick sick while he 9) What when you 10) She said that she . (to break) (to snowboard) to the radio while he 5) The girl 7) While we . (to text) (to arrive) him. (to drive) (to stop) her. (to notice) (to watch) the carport. (to fall off) (to paint) crossword puzzles. (to wait) (to do) in Texas. (to become) (to travel) about 9/11? (to do) (to hear) happy, so I to her. (not/to feel) (to talk) 4 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES Write the grammar rules. COMPARATIVE One syllable adjectives SUPERLATIVE Long adjectives Complete using comparative and superlative adjectives. 1. My house is (big) than yours. 2. This flower is (beautiful) than that one. 3. This is the (interesting) book I have ever read. 4. Non-smokers usually live (long) 5. Which is the (dangerous) than smokers. animal in the world? 6. A holiday by the sea is (good) than a holiday in the mountains. 7. It is strange but often a coke is (expensive) 8. Who is the (rich) woman on earth? 9. The weather this summer is even (bad) 10. He was the (clever) than a beer. than last summer. thief of all. ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE Active The active voice is the "normal" voice. This is the voice that we use most of the time. You are probably already familiar with the active voice. In the active voice, the object receives the action of the verb: subject verb Cats eat object fish. Passive In the passive voice, the subject receives the action of the verb: subject verb object Fish are eaten by cats. Passive voice is formed by the VERB TO BE + PAST PARTICIPLE. The verb to be in passive voice must take the tense of the verb in active voice. 5 Complete the chart writing examples of active and passive voice in each of the tenses. TENSE ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE Simple present Simple past Simple future Rewrite the sentences into Passive Voice. John collects money. Anna opened the window. We did our homework. I will ask a question. He can cut out the picture. The sheep ate a lot. We do not clean our rooms. William will not repair the car. Did Sue draw this circle? Can you feed the dog? Write an A if the sentence is in Active voice. Write a P if it is in Passive voice. 6 Write the tense in which these passive voice sentences have been written. Houses will be built. She is reading the newspaper now. These cars are produced in Japan. I am given a book. German is spoken in Austria. Lots of houses were destroyed by the earthquake in 1906. This room was painted blue. A letter was written to her some days ago. The black bike will be repaired soon. The bus driver was hurt yesterday. Cricket is played in Australia. CONDITIONALS When talking about cause and effect. Open / zero conditional: If + simple present, simple future. CAUSE EFFECT If I don´t feed the baby, he will cry. If cause 1st Conditional: If/Unless + simple present, simple future. Used to talk about the possible future when discussing the consequences of actions or events. Identify the conditional of each sentence. 1) If it rains, I'll wear a raincoat. 2) If we drink enough water, we aren’t thirsty. 3) When the children get older, they will to the party. 4) Harry will fly to Helsinki if he has more money. 5) If Mark does the washing up, his mother will have more time for him. 6) What would you do if you see a car crash? 7) We will have glass of hot chocolate if you bring some milk. 8) If I tell you, I will you keep the secret? 9) Ron will understand more if the teacher speaks clearly. 10) If Doris gets up earlier, she won’t be late for school. Zero / Open 1. If you press that button, the light 2. It's easier to sleep if 3. The teacher gets angry if (come) on. (you / not / be) stressed. (we / not / work) hard. 7 4. If (I / go) on a boat, I always feel sick. 5. His mother gets annoyed if 6. If (he / be) late. (I / not / know) a word, I look in my dictionary. 7. They play football if (they / not / have) any homework. 8. If you freeze water, (it / turn) to ice. 1st If Tom (not/sleep) his room, Victoria If the boys (not/to help) him with the muffins. (not/to play) football, the girls If you (to eat) too much junk food, you If I anymore. (not/to come) to the court. (not/to lose) weight. (not/to make) breakfast tomorrow morning, my girlfriend If they (not/to hurry), they (not/to love) me (not/to catch)the train. GERUNDS When a verb ends in -ing, it may be a gerund or a present progressive: (It is important to understand that they are not the same) When we use a verb in -ing form more like a noun, it is usually a gerund Fishing is fun. When we use a verb in -ing form, it is usually a present progressive or adj: Anthony is fishing. / I saw an interesting movie. Gerunds can be used after certain prepositions. Will call you after arriving at the office. Please have a drink before leaving. I am looking forward to meeting you. Tara always dreams about going on holiday. We can use gerunds after these verbs: Avoid Enjoy Love Go (+ activity) Mind I love being with you. She enjoys swimming in the afternoons. Hate Risk Can’t help Can’t stand Keep stop Like I can't help falling in love with you. I can't stand not seeing you. 8 SOME / ANY Use SOME and ANY with plural countable and uncountable nouns. SOME: affirmative sentences and questions making offers. - Affirmative sentences - Negative sentences There isn’t any apple juice (uncountable) There’s some apple juice in the fridge. (uncountable) There aren’t any apples. There are some apples in the fridge. (plural countable) - ANY: negative sentences and neutral questions. (plural countable) - Neutral questions Is there any apple juice? (uncountable) Questions making offers Would you like some apple juice? (uncountable) Are there any apples? Would you like some apples? (plural countable) (plural countable) MODAL VERBS Complete the following grammar rules using the verbs from the box. Must have to had to can can´t have to/ mustn´t mustn´t/ can´t could/may/might don´t To show that we are sure some thing is true: For something that is allowed or permitted. To show that we are sure something is untrue. Lack of obligation. When we think something is possibly true. The past tense of must and have to is: For obligation. For prohibition. On the back of this paper write a sentence with each of the verbs in the box from previous exercise. POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES AND PRONOUNS A possessive pronoun is used instead of a noun: Julie's car is red. Mine is blue. A possessive adjective is usually used to describe a noun, and it comes before it, like other adjectives: My car is bigger than her car. PERSONAL PRONOUNS I POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS YOU HE SHE 9 IT WE YOU THEY Hi Daniel, name is John. This is nine. pet is a budgie. are 450 boys and girls in too. friend Jason. He's 12. sister is name is Dickens. Jason and I go to the same school. There school. Jason's form teacher is Mrs. Peterson. She has got a pet, pet is a tortoise. Our form teacher is Mr. Smith. like dogs. The dogs love to play in pet? Yours, John lessons. He has two garden. Now I have a question for you. What's Change the sentence from possessive adjectives to possessive pronouns OR from possessive pronouns to possessive adjectives. Are those her pants? _______________________________________________________________ That is my car. ___________________________________________________________________ The presents are theirs. ___________________________________________________________ That room will be yours. ___________________________________________________________ That is their house. _______________________________________________________________ OBJECT PRONOUNS -> Are used to replace the objects in a sentence (who or what receives the action). Fill in the chart. SUBJECT PRONOUNS OBJECT PRONOUNS 10 Choose the option that completes the sentences. 1. ________ is my best friend. 6. The man does not like ________. a) He a) I b) Him 2. I live with ________. b) me 7. The children made ________ lunch. a) she a) we b) her 3. ________ have three brothers. b) us 8. Do ________ need to bring my jacket? a) They a) I b) Them 4. Does ________ have a dog? b) me 9. I do not love ________. a) he a) she b) him 5. Are the pizzas for ________? b) her 10. I am going to buy ________ an ice cream cone. a) we a) she b) us b) her Fill in the spaces with the correct subject or object pronoun. For example, He knows Tom. He knows him. 6. The children play in the park every day. 1. He lives with Jennifer. He lives with play in the park every day. . 2. Thomas likes the movie. 7. He does not know Peter and Mike. Thomas likes He does not know . 3. Jane and I are friends. . 8. My mother and father like baseball. are friends. like baseball. 4. The computer is broken. 9. The teacher helped my friend and I. is broken. The teacher helped 5. He will talk to Jeff later today. He will talk to . 10. The hockey players have a game tonight. later today. have a game tonight. 11 TOO MUCH / TOO MANY / NOT ENOUGH • TOO MUCH uncountable nouns Don’t waste too much time. • TOO MANY plural countable nouns There are too many tourists in town. • (NOT) ENOUGH before nouns and after adjectives and adverbs There isn’t enough time. We made enough food. Is the audio loud enough? Are we writing nicely enough? 1. I am not enjoying my job at the moment because I have____________________. (work) 2. I don't like the soup because there is____________________in it. (salt) 3. Her English is not good. She makes____________________. (mistakes) 4. We didn't go for a walk because it wasn't____________________. (warm) 5. I want to make some sandwiches. Have we got____________________? (bread) 6. Would you like some more sugar or is your coffee____________________? (sweet) 7. I didn't see her because there were____________________people at the party. (people) 8. We are 11 so there are____________________for a football team. (players) 9. I can't sleep because they are making too____________________next door. (noise) 10. Is that chair____________________or would you like to sit on the sofa? (comfortable) INFINITIVE PURPOSE • To say WHY we do something. Examples: Nick joined the band to become a better player. Verb (action) We baked a cake to celebrate her birthday. infinitive (purpose) Verb (action) infinitive (purpose) Circle the action in each sentence and underline the purpose. 1. We drove to the store to buy some food. 2. The whole class studied to pass the test. 3. Mom bought a sewing machine to fix my old clothes. 4. Thomas took a picture at the party to have a memory of that day. 5. She was practicing archery to become the competition winner. 6. Today we went to the pool to relax. 7. The dog was washed to smell nice. 8. We put the clothes out to dry. It is important to check your notes, old tests, blog, and tense wheel. Everything seen in class during the year may be on the test. Remember that dedication and practice is the road to success. 12