Download Chapter 9

Survey
yes no Was this document useful for you?
   Thank you for your participation!

* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project

Document related concepts

Umbilical cord wikipedia , lookup

Scapula wikipedia , lookup

Anatomical terms of location wikipedia , lookup

Vertebra wikipedia , lookup

Transcript
Chapter 9/19
Sacrum/Coccyx
Sacrum
• 5 fused vertebrae
• 4 sets of ________________
– Pelvic (Anterior) & Posterior
Sacrum
• _________ – Wings of sacrum
• Superior articulating process
– ______________formed with 5th l-spine
vertebra inferior articulating process
Sacrum
• _____________
– Anterior protrusion
• _____________
– Continuation of vertebral Foramen
Sacrum
• ________________
– Fused spinous processes
• _______________
– Joint surface of SI joint
• ______________
– Inferior articulating process
Coccyx
• Tailbone
• ___________coccyx segments
• Most distal aspect of spinal column
Coccyx
• Transverse process
• _________
• _________
• Larger at the base and cones toward apex
Imaging the sacrum
Routine
• AP
• Lateral
• 80 kVp
AP Sacrum
• Pt supine
• _____________tube angle
• Between _________________
• CR mid sagittal and _________to ASIS
Lateral Sacrum
• Pt in true lateral
• Flex knees
• CR at the __________and __________to
posterior sacral surface
• Or _____________to ASIS
Imaging the Coccyx
Routine
• AP
• Lateral
• 75 kVp
AP Coccyx
• Pt supine
• ___________angle
• _____________to Symphysis Pubis
• CR Mid sagittal and ______________
Lateral Coccyx
•
•
•
•
•
Pt in true lateral
Knees flexed
______________to ASIS
______________to ASIS
Collimate Close all 4 sides
Chapter 19
_____________
Myelogram
Myelogram
• Study to look at spinal cord and nerves
root branches
• Indications
– _____________
– ____________________
Myelogram
• Requires an injection into the
________________
• Menenges
– Dura Mater
– _________
– Pia Mater
Contraindications
• Sensitivity to Iodine
• Blood in ___________
• Arachnoiditis
• Increased _____________
• Recent _________
Equipment
• Myelogram tray
• X-ray table that can ______________
– Foot board
– Shoulder holder
• X-table cassette holder
Equipment
• _______
• X-table holder
• Pillow for abdomen
• ______________________
Contrast
• Water Soluble – ___________
• Marked for ____________ Use
Injection
• X-table and AP scout
• Done by radiologist
• Lumbar
– ________
– Through ______________
Injection
• Cervical
– _______________bone
• Injected _____________to avoid
excessive mixing of contrast and _____
Lumbar injection
• Generally ___________
– Spinal cord branches and not solid
• Pt prone
– Pillow ____________to open disc spaces
• Lt Lateral with spine __________
• Sterile
Cervical Injection
• Done if Lumbar is contraindicated
• Pt sitting ________ with neck _________
• Or pt __________ with neck flexed
• Contrast should not enter _________
– ___________the neck
What happens
• A ___________is done first
– Evaluates appearance of CSF (blood present)
• Contrast injected
– Make sure it is __________use
What Happens
• Needle is removed
• Pt is tilted _________________________
– By gravity contrast is spread through the
spinal canal
Imaging
• __________ has taken over
• Cervical
– X-Table, X-table swimmers
• Thoracic
– Lateral, X-Table, AP/PA
• Lumbar
– Semierect X-Table, X-table lateral, AP/PA,
Obliques
Post Exam Care
• Bandage the injection site
• Place pt semi erect _______________.
• Restricted to the bed.
Complications
•
•
•
•
Air into the ____________ of the brain
Spinal needle irritating nerves
Excessive ______________ bleeding
Contrast into ventricular areas
– Can cause _______________
• Reaction to contrast