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Multiple Choice answers 1-80:
Rheannon Burris
UNITED STATES HISTORY
SECTION I
Time – 55 minutes
80 Questions
Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or
completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet.
1.
The American Revolution was
a. truly radical.
b. inconsequential in world history.
c. an example of accelerated evolution
rather than outright revolution.
d. very much like the French revolution.
e. very much like the Russian revolution.
2. The new Constitution did not provide for
the creation of a(n)
a. Electoral College.
b. vice president.
c. Supreme Court.
d. cabinet.
e. federal court system.
3. Texas was annexed to the United States as
a result of
a. Senate approval of the Treaty of
Annexation.
b. President Tyler’s desire to help his
troubled administration.
c. a presidential order by Andrew Jackson.
d. the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo.
e. a compromise to admit free-state Iowa
at the same time.
4.
President Zachary Taylor unknowingly
helped the cause of compromise in 1850
when he
a. led an invasion of Texas to halt its
attempts to take part of New Mexico.
b. supported fellow southerner John C.
Calhoun’s plan for union.
c. died suddenly and Millard Fillmore
became president.
d. ushered in a second Era of Good
Feelings.
e. decided not to run for re-election.
5. The first major farmers’ organization was
the
a. Patrons of Husbandry.
b. Populists.
c. Greenback Labor party.
d. Farmers’ Alliance.
e. American Farm Bureau.
6. The battleship Maine was sunk by
a. the Spanish.
b an explosion on the ship.
c. Cuban rebels.
d. reporters working for William
Randolph Hearst.
e. a mine planted by pro-Cuban
Americans.
7. The Teapot Dome scandal involved the
mishandling of
a. naval oil reserves.
b. funds for veterans’ hospitals.
c. the budget for the Bureau of Indian
Affairs.
d. European war-debt payments.
e. the sale of presidential pardons.
8. Conservative Democrats who helped
Ronald Reagan to pass his budget and taxcutting legislation were called
a. blue dogs.
b. sagebrush rebels.
c. scalawags.
d. neoconservatives.
e. boll weevils.
9.
All of the following are reasons the
thirteen Atlantic seaboard colonies sought
independence except
a. distinctive social structures.
b. distinctive economic structures.
c. distinctive political structures.
d. distinctive racial structures.
e. the appearance of a recognizably
American way of life.
10. The Bill of Rights was intended to protect
__________ against the potential tyranny
of ____________.
a. the prerogatives of Congress, the
president
b. the army and the navy, the national
government
c. the South, the northern majority
d. individual liberties, a strong central
government
e. civilian authorities, the military
11. The Wilmot Proviso
a. symbolized the burning issue of slavery
in the territories.
b. gained House and Senate approval in
1846.
c. settled once and for all the issue of
slavery in California.
d. allowed slavery in the territory taken
from Mexico in 1848.
e. left open the issue of slavery in New
Mexico and Utah.
12. The prime objective of Manifest Destiny in
the 1850s was
a. Panama.
b. Nicaragua.
c. Cuba.
d. Hawaii.
e. the Dominican Republic.
13. One key to the Republican victory in the
1896 presidential election was the
a. support of farmers.
b. huge amount of money raised by Mark
Hanna.
c. use of the tariff issue.
d. wide travel and numerous speeches
made by William McKinley.
e. ability of Republicans to disrupt the
solid South.
14. President McKinley justified American
acquisition of the Philippines primarily by
emphasizing that
a. the Filipinos wanted to be annexed by
the United States.
b. the electoral success of the Republican
party depended on their acquisition.
c. the United States would gain key naval
bases there.
d. the Philippines were spoils of war and
America’s by right of conquest.
e. there was no acceptable alternative to
their acquisition.
15. One of the major problems facing farmers
in the 1920s was
a. overproduction.
b. the inability to purchase modern farm
equipment.
c. passage of the McNary-Haugen Bill.
d. the prosecution of cooperatives under
antitrust laws.
e. drought and insects like the boll weevil.
16. The first woman to receive the vicepresidential nomination of a major political
party was
a. Elizabeth Dole.
b. Sandra Day O’Connor.
c. Jeanne Kirkpatrick.
d. Geraldine Ferraro.
e. Janet Reno.
17. The major issue that delayed ratification of
the Articles of Confederation concerned
a. taxation.
b. tariff policy.
c. monetary policy.
d. western lands.
e. monetary standards.
18. The United States acquired free navigation
of the Mississippi River in
a. the Treaty of Greenville.
b. Jay’s Treaty.
c. the Convention of 1800.
d. the Pinckney Treaty.
e. the Treaty of Paris.
19. The majority of southern whites owned no
slaves because
a. they opposed slavery.
b. they could not afford the purchase
price.
c. their urban location did not require
them.
d. their racism would not allow them to
work alongside African-Americans.
e. they feared the possibility of slave
revolts.
20. One of Stephen Douglas’s mistakes in
proposing the Kansas-Nebraska
Act was
a. not securing the transcontinental
railroad for the North.
b. overestimating the protest to the bill.
c. allowing slavery to spread into new
territory.
d. underestimating the depth of northern
opposition to the spread of slavery.
e. believing that slavery could not survive
in Kansas.
21. American novel-writing turned from
romanticism and transcendentalism to
rugged realism as a result of the
a. influence of Latin American literature.
b. impact of race relations.
c. higher educational level of the authors.
d. materialism of industrial society.
e. prominence of women writers.
22. America’s initial Open Door policy was
essentially an argument for
a. free trade.
b. spheres of influence.
c. military occupation.
d. exclusive trade concessions.
e. the principle of self-determination.
23. The “champion of the dispossessed”—that
is, the poor and minorities—in the 1930s
was
a. Harold Ickes.
b. Alfred E. Smith.
c. Eleanor Roosevelt.
d. Frances Perkins.
e. Harry Hopkins.
24. The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) failed
to be ratified by the needed 38 states
largely because
a. the Catholic Church opposed it.
b. many Americans realized that its goals
had already been achieved without
amending the Constitution.
c. an antifeminist backlash led by Phyllis
Schlafly stirred sufficient opposition to stop
it.
d. many suspected that it would require
such things as rigid quotas and unisex
bathrooms.
e. many Americans believed that equal
gender treatment was a matter of changing
attitudes, not creating laws.
25. The Northwest Ordinance of 1787
a. provided for the survey and sale of public
lands in the Old Northwest.
b. established a procedure for governing the
Old Northwest territory.
c. banned slavery from all territories of the
United States.
d. cleared the way for ratification of the
Articles of Confederation.
e. gave control over land to the territories in
which they were located.
26. Thomas Jefferson’s presidency was
characterized by his
a. unswerving conformity to Republican party
principles.
b. rigid attention to formal protocol at White
House gatherings.
c. moderation in the administration of public
policy.
d. ruthless use of the patronage power to
appoint Republicans to federal offices.
e. inability to get legislation passed by
Congress.
27. Perhaps the slave’s greatest horror, and the
theme of Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s
Cabin, was
a. the enforced separation of slave families.
b. slaveowners’ frequent use of the whip.
c. the breeding of slaves.
d. having to do the most dangerous work on
the plantation.
e. forcible sexual assault by slaveowners.
28. As a result of reading Uncle Tom’s Cabin,
many northerners
a. found the book’s portrayal of slavery too
extreme.
b. vowed to halt British and French efforts to
help the Confederacy.
c. rejected Hinton Helper’s picture of the
South and slavery.
d. swore that they would have nothing to do
with the enforcement of the Fugitive Slave
Law.
e. sent guns to antislavery settlers in Kansas
(“Beecher’s Bibles”).
29. The subject of the Eighteenth Amendment was
a. income tax.
b. direct election of senators.
c. woman suffrage.
d. prohibition.
e. the poll tax.
30. While president, Teddy Roosevelt did all of the
following except
a. condemn the law and the courts as too slow.
b. disregard the checks and balances among
the three branches of government.
c. refuse to ignore the Constitution, even when
tempted to do so.
d. argue that the president may take any action
in the general interest if it is not expressly
forbidden by the law.
e. appeal to the people over the head of
Congress.
31. As a result of the 1937 “Roosevelt recession,”
a. Roosevelt backed away from further
economic experiments.
b. Social Security taxes were reduced.
c. Republicans gained control of the Senate in
1938.
d. Roosevelt adopted Keynesian (planned
deficit spending) economics.
e. much of the early New Deal was repealed.
32. The guiding principle of President Carter’s
foreign policy was
a. isolationism.
b. containment.
c. détente.
d. unilateralism.
e. human rights.
33. The Olive Branch Petition
a. was passed by Parliament.
b. was an expression of King George III’s
desire for peace.
c. promised no treason charges if colonists
stopped fighting.
d. was an attempt by the colonists to gain
support of Native Americans.
e. professed American loyalty to the
crown.
34. The case of Marbury v. Madison involved
the question of who had the right to
a. commit the United States to entangling
alliances.
b. impeach federal officers for “high
crimes and misdemeanors.”
c. declare an act of Congress
unconstitutional.
d. purchase foreign territory for the United
States.
e. appoint Supreme Court justices.
35. New England reformer Dorothea Dix is
most notable for her efforts on behalf of
a. prison and asylum reform.
b. the peace movement.
c. the temperance movement.
d. abolitionism.
e. women’s education.
36. The panic of 1857
a. was caused by overexportation of
southern cotton.
b. hit hardest among grain growers of the
Northwest.
c. finally brought southern congressmen
to support free homesteads.
d. stimulated northern demands for lower
tariff rates.
e. demonstrated the economic dominance
of the North.
37. The first major product of the oil industry
was
a. kerosene.
b. gasoline.
c. lighter fluid.
d. natural gas.
e. heating oil.
38. President Taft’s foreign policy was dubbed
a. big-stick diplomacy.
b. the Open Door policy.
c. the Good Neighbor policy.
d. dollar diplomacy.
e. sphere-of-influence diplomacy.
39. As part of his Good Neighbor policy
toward Latin America, President
Roosevelt
a. abandoned the Monroe Doctrine.
b. withdrew American marines from Haiti.
c. asked Congress to extend the Platt
Amendment in Cuba.
d. returned the Guantanamo naval base to
Cuban control.
e. proposed to grant Puerto Rico its
independence.
40. The landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964
accomplished all of the following except
a. creation of the Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission.
b. prohibiting discrimination based on
gender.
c. banning sexual as well as racial
discrimination.
d. banning racial discrimination in most
private facilities open to the public.
e. requiring “affirmative action” against
discrimination.
41. One of the traits that made Quakers
unpopular in England was
a. their refusal to do military service.
b. the high pay given their clergy.
c. their support of slavery.
d. their violent treatment of their
enemies.
e. their refusal to hold public office.
42. John Marshall, as chief justice of the
United States, helped to strengthen the judicial
branch of government by
a. applying Jeffersonian principles in all
of his decisions.
b. asserting the doctrine of judicial review
of congressional legislation.
c. overriding presidential vetoes.
d. listening carefully to and heeding the
advice of lawyers arguing cases before the
Supreme Court.
e. increasing the number of justices on the
Supreme Court.
43. “Civil Disobedience,” an essay that later
influenced both Mahatma Gandhi and
Martin Luther King, Jr., was written by the
transcendentalist
a. Louisa May Alcott.
b. Ralph Waldo Emerson.
c. James Fenimore Cooper.
d. Margaret Fuller.
e. Henry David Thoreau.
44. The Southern cause was weakened by
a. the concept of states’ rights that the
Confederacy professed.
b. a president, Jefferson Davis, who
catered to public opinion and did not
work hard at his job.
c. the failure of the Southern people to
commit to the ideal of Southern
independence.
d. a lack of sound military leadership.
e. the constant threat of slave rebellion.
45. One of the major reasons the Knights of
Labor failed was its
a. racial exclusiveness.
b. support of skilled workers.
c. failure to admit women to its ranks.
d. abandonment of the concept of
independent producers.
e. lack of class consciousness.
46. Congress passed the Underwood Tariff
because
a. big business favored its passage.
b. President Wilson aroused public
opinion to support its passage.
c. the general public had been demanding
a higher tariff.
d. the tariff kept the graduated income tax
from being enacted.
e. Wilson gained Western support for
tariff reduction.
47. America’s neutrality effectively ended
when
a. Japan attacked Pearl Harbor.
b. Germany attacked Poland.
c. the conscription law was passed in
1940.
d. France fell to Germany.
e. Italy “stabbed France in the back.”
48. Some advocates of Black Power insisted
that their slogan stood for all of the
following except
a. emphasizing African-American
distinctiveness.
b. exercising their political and economic
rights.
c. black control of black communities.
d. violence.
e. pride in black identity and culture.
49. The most drastic measure of the Intolerable
Acts was the
a. Quartering Act.
b. Quebec Act.
c. Sugar Act.
d. Courts Act.
e. Boston Port Act.
50. The War of 1812 was one of the worstfought wars in United States history
because
a. Native Americans supported the British.
b. too much national anger prevented clear
thinking on strategy.
c. of the poor state of the economy.
d. of a non-existent milita.
e. of widespread disunity.
51. When the “famine Irish” came to America,
they
a. moved to the West.
b. mostly became farmers.
c. moved up the economic ladder quickly.
d. mostly remained in the port cities of the
Northeast.
e. formed alliances with Yankees against
the Germans.
52. The problems that Abraham Lincoln
experienced as president were less
prostrating than those experienced by
Jefferson Davis partly because the North
a. had a long-established and fully
recognized government.
b. had strong political support from
Britain and France.
c. held firm to states’ rights principles.
d. was united in the cause of abolitionism.
e. had fewer internal political divisions.
53. The Compromise of 1877 resulted in
a. a renewal of the Republican
commitment to protect black civil rights in
the South.
b. the withdrawal of federal troops from
the South.
c. the election of a Democrat to the
presidency.
d. passage of the Bland-Allison Silver
Purchase Act.
e. a plan to build the first transcontinental
railroad.
54. The Sixteenth Amendment provided for
a. a personal income tax.
b. direct election of senators.
c. prohibition.
d. woman suffrage.
e. abolition of child labor.
55. The Atlantic Charter, developed by the
United States and Britain, was also
endorsed by
a. Canada.
b. France.
c. Spain.
d. China.
e. the Soviet Union.
56. As a result of Senator McCarthy’s crusade
against communist subversion in America,
a. the FBI was shown to have had several
spies working as communist agents.
b. the United States Army was forced to
give dishonorable discharges to more than
one hundred officers.
c. the State Department lost a number of
Asian specialists who might have
counseled a wiser course in Vietnam.
d. Eisenhower nearly lost the Republican
presidential nomination in 1956.
e. the U.S. achieved a stronger settlement
in Korea.
57.
Many Whigs in Britain hoped for an
American victory in the War for
Independence because they
a. favored French domination of North
America.
b. were strongly pacifist.
c. feared that if George III triumphed, his
rule at home might become tyrannical.
d. rejected colonialism.
e. opposed the mercantilist system.
58. One of the nationally recognized American
authors in the 1820s was
a. Washington Irving.
b. Edgar Allan Poe.
c. Walt Whitman.
d. Stephen Decatur.
e. Stephen Douglas.
59. The underlying basis for modern mass
production was the
a. cotton gin.
b. musket.
c. use of interchangeable parts.
d. principle of limited liability.
e. assembly line.
60. As a result of the Civil War, the Northern
economy
a. became dependent on international trade.
b. saw industrial profits improve but
agricultural profits fall.
c. saw unscrupulous business practices
dramatically reduced.
d. greatly benefited ordinary workers.
e. emerged more prosperous than ever
before.
61. President James A. Garfield was
assassinated
a. as a result of his service in the Civil
War.
b. because he was a Stalwart Republican.
c. because he opposed civil-service
reform.
d. by a deranged, disappointed office
seeker.
e. by a political anarchist.
62. The Zimmermann note involved a
proposed secret agreement between
a. Britain and France.
b. Russia and Germany.
c. Germany and Mexico.
d. Mexico and France.
e. Germany and Canada.
63. The main reason the majority of women war
workers left the labor force at the end of
WWII was
a. union demands.
b. employer demands that they quit.
c. male discrimination on the job.
d. government requirements to hire
veterans.
e. family obligations.
64. The rapid upsurge in the employment of
women after 1945 can be attributed mainly
to
a. an increase in the divorce rate.
b. smaller families.
c. the expansion of the service sector.
d. the reluctance of men to work in the
service sector.
e. the acceptance of women in
management positions.
65. The coureurs de bois were
a. French soldiers.
b. French boatmen.
c. Catholic priests.
d. French farmers.
e. French fur trappers.
66. The panic of 1819 brought with it all of the
following except
a. inflation.
b. unemployment.
c. bank failures.
d. soup kitchens.
e. bankruptcies.
67. Presidents Jackson and Van Buren hesitated
to extend recognition to and to annex the
new Texas Republic because
a. Texans did not want to be annexed to
the United States.
b. antislavery groups in the United States
opposed the expansion of slavery.
c. they were old political opponents of the
Texas president, Sam Houston.
d. public opinion in the United States
opposed annexation.
e. they feared war with Mexico’s ally,
Spain.
68. The Battle of Antietam was particularly
critical because it
a. inflated an already dangerous
overconfidence among Southerners.
b. ended Lee’s plan of invading the North.
c. delayed Lincoln’s plan to announce the
Emancipation Proclamation.
d. ensured the reelection of President
Lincoln.
e. probably prevented intervention by
Britain and France on behalf of the
Confederacy.
69. The main purpose of the Black Codes was
to
a. guarantee freedom for the blacks.
b. ensure a stable labor supply.
c. allow blacks to marry.
d. prevent blacks from becoming
sharecroppers.
e. create a system of justice for ex-slaves.
70. The United States’ main contributions to
the Allied victory in World War I included
all of the following except
a. battlefield victories.
b. foodstuffs.
c. oil.
d. munitions.
e. financial credit.
71. The Potsdam conference
a. determined the fate of Eastern Europe.
b. brought France and China in as part of
the “Big Five.
c. concluded that the Soviet Union would
enter the war in the Pacific.
d. was Franklin Roosevelt’s last meeting
with Churchill and Stalin.
e. issued an ultimatum to Japan to
surrender or be destroyed.
72. The baby-boom generation will create a
major problem in the future by
a. producing an even larger generation of
children than itself.
b. placing an enormous strain on the
Social Security system.
c. creating a housing shortage.
d. causing immigration restrictions to be
imposed upon many deserving people.
e. overbuilding the number of schools.
73. The introduction of American plants
around the world resulted in
a. rapid population growth in Europe.
b. many illnesses, caused by the new germs
contained in these food-stuffs.
c. an African population decline.
d. very little change.
e. an increase in obese people.
74. The Monroe Doctrine was
a. a striking new departure in American
foreign policy.
b. quickly codified into international law.
c. a binding pledge on each subsequent
presidential administration.
d. an expression of the illusion of
deepening American isolationism from
world affairs.
e. a commitment by the United States to
internationalism.
75. The Panic of 1837 was caused by all of the
following except
a. rampant speculation.
b. the Bank War.
c. financial problems abroad.
d. failure of wheat crops.
e. taking the country off the gold standard.
76. In the 1864 election, Abraham Lincoln’s
running mate was
a. Salmon P. Chase.
b. Wendell Phillips.
c. William Tecumseh Sherman.
d. Stephen A. Douglas.
e. Andrew Johnson.
77. The Fourteenth Amendment
a. required former Confederate states to
pay their war debts.
b. prohibited ex-Confederate leaders from
holding public office.
c. guaranteed freed slaves the right to
vote.
d. met all the demands of the radical
Republicans.
e. made women as well as blacks U.S.
citizens.
78. The trial of John Scopes in 1925 centered
on the issue of
a. progressive education.
b. schools’ efforts to create socially useful
adults.
c. teachers’ membership in the Ku Klux
Klan.
d. teaching evolution in public schools.
e. prayer in the public schools.
79. The “unconditional surrender” policy
toward Japan was modified by
a. assuring the Japanese that there would
be no “war crimes” trials.
b. guaranteeing that defeated Japan would
be treated decently by American
occupiers.
c. agreeing not to drop more than two
atomic bombs on Japan.
d. agreeing to let the Japanese keep
Emperor Hirohito on the throne.
e. permitting the Japanese to retain a
strong army but no real navy.
80. When the Soviet Union denied the United
States, Britain, and France access to Berlin
in 1948, President Truman responded by
a. asking the United Nations to intervene.
b. denying the Soviets access to West
Germany.
c. declaring that an “iron curtain” had
descended across Central Europe.
d. organizing a gigantic airlift of supplies
to Berlin.
e. sending an armed convoy to Berlin.
END OF SECTION I
UNITED STATES HISTORY
SECTION II
Part A
(Suggested writing time – 45 minutes)
Percent of Section II score – 45
Directions: The following question requires you to construct a coherent essay that integrates your interpretation of
Documents A-J and your knowledge of the period referred to in the question. High scores will be earned only by
essays that both cite key pieces of evidence from the documents and draw on outside knowledge of the period.
Question: To what extent and in what ways did reformers in United States promote social changes which
benefitted a majority of Americans during the so-called Progressive Era?
In writing your answer, use the documents and your knowledge of the period 1900-1920.
Document A
Source: "Concerning Three Articles in this Number of McClures," Editorial in McClure's, 1904.
"The Shame of Minneapolis" could well have served for the current chapter of Miss Tarbell's
History of Standard Oil. . . . Miss Tarbell has our capitalists conspiring among themselves
deliberately, shrewdly, upon legal advice, to break the law so far as it restrained them, and to
misuse it to restrain others who were in their way. . . . In "The shame of Minneapolis" we see the
administration of a city employing criminals to commit crimes for the profit of the elected
officials, while the citizens - Americans of good stock and more than average culture, and honest,
healthy Scandinavians - stood by complacent and not alarmed.
We all are doing our worst and making the public pay. The public is the people. We forget that we
all are the people; that while each of us in his group can shove off on the rest of the bill of to-day,
the debt is only postponed; the rest are passing it on back to us. And in the end the sum total of
the debt will be our liberty.
Document B
Source: Lincoln Steffens, The Shame of the Cities, 1904.
The honest citizens of Philadelphia have no more rights at the polls than the negroes down South.
Nor do they fight very hard for this basic privilege. . . . If you remind the average Philadelphian
that he is in the same position, he will look startled, then say, "That's so, that's literally true, only I
never thought of it in just that way." And it is literally true.
The [political] machine controls the whole process of voting, and practices fraud at every stage. . .
. The assessor pads the list with the names of dead dogs, children, and non-existent persons.
The machine controls the election officers, often choosing them from among fraudulent names;
and when no one appears to serve, assigning the heeler ready for the expected vacancy.
Document C
Source: "Roosevelt the Trustbuster," Poster, 1905.
Document D
Source: Upton Sinclair, The Jungle, 1906.
If seemed as if every time you met a person from a new department, you heard of new swindles
and new crimes. There was, for instance, a Lithuanian who was a cattle butcher for the plant
where Marija had worked, which killed meat for canning only; and to hear this man describe the
animals which came to his place would have been worth while for a Dante or a Zola.
It seemed that they must have agencies all over the country, to hunt out old and crippled and
diseased cattle to be canned. There were cattle which had been fed on "whisky-malt," the refuse
of the breweries, and had become what the men called "steerly" - which means covered with
boils.
Document E
Source: Jane Addams, "Ballot Necessary for Women," 1906.
Insanitary housing, poisonous sewage, contaminated water, infant mortality, prostitution and
drunkenness are the enemies which the modern cities must face and overcome would they
survive.
Logically, its electorate should be made up of those who can bear a valiant part in this arduous
contest, those who in the past have at least attempted to care for children, to clean houses, to
prepare foods. . . . To test the elector's fitness to deal with this situation by his ability to bear
arms is absurd. These problems must be solved, if they are solved at all, not from the military
point of view . . . but from a world, human-welfare point of view.
Document F
Source: Progressive Party Platform, 1912.
This country belongs to the people who inhabit it. Its resources, its business, its institutions, and
its laws should be utilized, maintained, or altered in whatever manner will best promote the
general interest. It is time to set the public welfare in the first place.
Political parties exist to secure responsible government and to execute the will of the people. Old
parties have . . . become the tools of corrupt interests, which use them impartially to serve their
selfish purposes. Behind the ostensible government sits enthroned an invisible government,
owing no allegiance and acknowledging no responsibility to the people. To destroy this invisible
government, to dissolve the unholy alliance between corrupt business and corrupt politics, is the
first task.
Document G
Source: Theodore Roosevelt, 1913.
"Reformers" made reform respectable in the United States, and these "muck-rakers" [have] been
the chief agent in the making the history of "muck-raking" in the United States a National one,
conceded to be useful. [They have] preached the task of making reform respectable in a
commercialized world, and the of giving the Nation a slogan in a phrase, is greater than the man
who preformed it is likely to think.
This globe is the capital stock of the race. It is just so much coal and oil and gas. This may be
economized or wasted. Our water resources are immense, and we are only just beginning to use
them. Our soils are being depleted; they must be built up and conserved.
Document H
Source: Woodrow Wilson, The New Freedom: A Call for the Emancipation of the Generous
Energies of a People, 1913.
The doctrine that monopoly is inevitable and that the only course open to the people of the United
States is to submit to and regulate it found a champion during the campaign of 1912 in the new
party of the Republican Party, founded under the leadership of Mr. Roosevelt. . . . If you have
read the trust plank in that platform as often as I have read it, you have found it very long, but
very tolerant. It did not anywhere condemn monopoly, except in words; its essential meaning was
that the trusts have been bad and must be made to be good.
All Mr. Roosevelt explicitly complains of is lack of publicity and lack of fairness; not the
exercise of power, for throughout that plank the power of the great corporations is accepted as the
inevitable consequence of the modern organization of industry. All that it is proposed to do is to
take them under control and deregulation.
Shall we try to get the grip of monopoly away from our lives, or shall we not? Shall we admit that
the creature of our own hands is stronger than we are? We have been dreading all along the time
when the combined power of high finance would be greater than the power of the government.
Document I
Source: Theodore Roosevelt, Autobiography: Making an Old Party Progressive.
The republican Party had been obliged during the last decade of the nineteenth century to uphold
the interests of popular government against a foolish and ill judged mock-radicalism. . . . In all
National matters, of importance to the whole people, the Nation is to be supreme over State,
county, and town alike.
We succeeded in working together, although with increasing friction, for some years, I pushing
forward and [the opponents] handing back. Gradually, however, I was forced to abandon the
efforts to persuade them to come my way, and then I achieved results only by appealing over the
heads of the Senate and House leaders to the people, who were the masters of both of us.
Document J
Source: "Vote Yes," Massachusetts Woman Suffrage Association, 1915.
END OF DOCUMENTS FOR QUESTION 1
UNITED STATES HISTORY
SECTION II
Part B and Part C
(Suggested total planning and writing time – 70 minutes)
Percent of Section II score – 55
Part B
Directions: Choose ONE question from this part. You are advised to spend 5 minutes planning and 30 minutes
writing your answer. Cite relevant historical evidence in support of your generalizations and present your arguments
clearly and logically.
2. In what two ways did federal legislation and federal judicial decisions between 1787 and 1860 affect the life of
the African American in United States society?
3. Compare and contrast the presidencies of Jefferson and Jackson. To what extent were the presidencies of these
two men revolutionary?
Part C
Directions: Choose ONE question from this part. You are advised to spend 5 minutes planning and 30 minutes
writing your answer. Cite relevant historical evidence in support of your generalizations and present your arguments
clearly and logically.
4. “The proposals of the Populists in the early 1890s were not enacted, but these proposals provided the
framework for the New Deal’s response to the economic and social conditions created by the Great Depression.”
Analyze the validity of this generalization.
5. Evaluate THREE of the following as a factor in establishing the United States as a leader in international
affairs:
 Spanish-American War
 Opening of the Panama Canal
 Defeat of the Treaty of Versailles by the United States Senate
 Outbreak of World War II in Europe and Asia
 Vietnam War
END OF EXAMINATION