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Name: ___________________________ Practice - 6.5 Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation 1. Solar System Forces Mass Sun 1.99 x 1030 kg Earth 5.97 x 1024 kg Moon 7.35 x 1022 kg G = 6.67 x 10-11 N m2/kg2 1 AU = 1.50 x 108 km A. Calculate the gravitational force between the Sun and the Earth. B. The average distance between the Earth and Moon is 3.84 x 105 km. Calculate the gravitational force between these two bodies. C. Something to Think About: If the force between the Sun and Earth is greater than the force between the Earth and the Moon, then why does the Moon have more influence on the ocean tides? 2. The average weight of a human female is 59 kg and the average of a human male is 79 kg. Calculate the average (gravitational) attraction between a male and female one meter apart. 3. Knowing that the centripetal force between the Sun and the Earth is gravitational force, equate the two equations and determine the orbital speed of the Earth. 4. The weight of an object is the force of gravity pulling it down. A. Determine the acceleration due to gravity g on the Earth’s surface. The radius of the Earth is 6378 kilometers. B. Determine the acceleration due to gravity g on the Moon’s surface. The radius of the Moon is 1737 kilometers. C. A 2.0 kg hammer was dropped by one of the Apollo astronauts on the Moon from a height of 1.5 m. How long did it take to hit the ground? Solutions: 1. A. 3.52 x 1022 N B. 1.98 x 1020 N 3. 2.97 x 104 m/s (29.7 km/s) 4. A. 9.79 m/s2 2. 3.11 x 10-7 N B. 1.62 m/s2 C. 1.36 s