Download Digestive System

Digestive System
With the help of the package handed to you, your task is to complete the following note.
Definition:
The process of breaking down foods into molecules small enough to be transported into the body’s
cells by the blood. Digestion can be both physical and chemical starting in your mouth with your
teeth (physical) and saliva (chemical enzymes) and continues all the way through to your intestines
for absorption.
Digestion of Products…. (use your word bank and pink info sheet)
From
With ? or Without ?
Digestion
Final Product
Order of the digestive track, starting with the Mouth
(Organs only, NO glands here, with help of word bank and figure 8.2)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Mouth
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
Types of Digestion:
4 and 5 are organs that secrete enzymes to help digestion
occur in the stomach and small intestine
a) Physical:
Food is physically broken down into smaller pieces that we can swallow. This is done in the
first stage of digestion in our mouth with TEETH
Looking at Figure 8.1, list the four types of teeth contain in the human body
b) Chemical:
Once swallowed, food is broken down further by the help of CHEMICAL REACTIONS created
by molecules called ENZYMES. The fluids secreted here are very acidic which is what breaks
down the food.
With the help of handouts, fill in the tables below
(figure 8.2 might be helpful and page 69 of text)
Organs that secrete enzymes
Glands
1)
1)
2)
2)
3)
3)
Gland is found on/or this
organ
Using the blue sheet, fill in the information below about organs involved in chemical digestion.
Where does chemical digestion start and with what enzyme?
Where does the majority of digestion occur? (this answer should include 3 points)
Where are nutrients absorbed and what organelle helps ensure maximum absorption?
How/where is feces created?
How do we swallow?
Looking at the diagram below, identify some new key words that are important in the process of
swallowing
Using diagram 8.16, discuss the length of time it takes for food to pass through the digestive track
starting at the mouth and exiting the anus.
WORD BANK TO HELP FILL IN THE CHARTS
Carbohydrates
Mouth
Salivary glands
Fats
Pancreas
Fatty acids
Large intestine
Liver
Gastric glands
Esophagus
Monosaccharide such as
glucose
Stomach
Minerals
Amino acids
Intestinal glands
Rectum (anus)
Small Intestine
Proteins
Gall bladder
Vitamins
Some general knowledge about nutrients:
Some nutrients can enter the blood stream directly as soon as we eat them within the food we
consume such as minerals like calcium and iron. Other nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats and
proteins must be digested before the body can absorb them. Most frequently carbohydrates enter
our bodies as complex sugars such as starch or disaccharides. However, we can only absorb them
from our small intestine once they have been broken down, by digestive enzymes secreted from
the pancreas, into a small monosaccharide such as glucose. Some nutrients can be broken down
into a variety of tools for the body such as happens with fat molecules. They are REALLY long
chains of fatty acids connected together that as they are digested by enzymes secreted from the
liver and the pancreas can turn into small chains of fatty acids to be used in such things as cell
membranes or glycerol, an alcohol used by many cells. For fat to be broken down, the gall bladder
must release the bile salts which then emulsify (mash into a pulp) the fats into the aforementioned
products. And finally there are some nutrients that we don’t even get enough of in our diet and
we need to take a daily multi vitamin (another nutrient that requires no digestion) to ensure we
meet our needs.