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Biology Core Concept: PHYSIOLOGY
As a result of the coordinated structures and functions of organ systems, the internal environment of the human
body remains relatively stable (homeostatic) despite changes in the outside environment. Organisms have a variety
of mechanisms to combat disease.
The complementary activity of major body systems provides cells with oxygen and nutrients and removes
toxic waste products such as carbon dioxide.
1.
Describe the function of the circulatory & respiratory systems
2. Describe the function of the digestive & excretory systems.
The nervous system mediates communication between different parts of the body and the body’s
interactions with the environment.
3. Describe the function of the nervous system.
4. Outline the path a nerve impulse takes when responding to an environmental stimulus on your finger.
Feedback loops in the nervous and endocrine systems regulate conditions in the body.
4. What are feedback loops? Provide at least one example.
5. Define homeostasis. How does the body maintain homeostasis?
The neurons in the nervous system transmit electrochemical impulses as a means of communication.
6. Draw and label a nerve cell (i.e., neuron) and describe the way in which neurons transmit electrochemical
impulses.
Sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons play important roles in sensation, thought, and response.
7. Compare and contrast sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons.
Skin in provides nonspecific defenses against infection.
8. How does the skin provide nonspecific defenses against infection?
Antibodies are a key component in the body’s response to infection.
9. What are antibodies and how do they help the body (a) recognize and (b) fight infection?
Vaccination protects an individual from infectious diseases.
10. Explain how a vaccination can protect an individual from an infectious disease.
Bacteria and viruses differ with respect to their requirements for growth and replication, the body’s primary
defenses against bacterial and viral infections, and effective treatments of these infections.
11. Explain how bacteria and viruses reproduce.
12. How does the body defend itself against bacteria and viruses?
13. Why aren’t antibiotics effective in treating viral infections? Why do they work on some bacteria?
An individual with a compromised immune system (for example, a person with AIDS) may be unable to fight
off and survive infections by microorganisms that are usually benign.
14. Why is it harder for a person infected with HIV, who shows signs of AIDS, to fight off infections?