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A&P – FINAL EXAM REVIEW II
Chapter 10 – The Nervous System
_A_1. The amount of neurotransmitter released at the synapse is controlled by
A. calcium
B. sodium
C. potassium
D. magnesium
_C_ 2. If the body had a low calcium level, this could affect the release of neurotransmitters
by:
A. increasing the quantity released from synaptic knobs
B. breaking down acetylcholine to acetyl and choline in synaptic knobs
C. causing a decrease in the amount released from synaptic knobs
D. causing a greater amount to be synthesized & stored in synaptic vesicles
_D_3. Which of the following lists the parts of a reflex arc in the correct sequence?
A. receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron, interneuron, effector
B. effector, receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron, interneuron
C. effector, sensory neuron, receptor, interneuron, motor neuron
D. receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector
_C__4. Which of the following does not belong?
A. summation
B. facilitation
C. divergence
D. convergence
_C_5. Which is an illustration of saltatory conduction?
A. baseball fans doing the wave in a stadium
B. electron flow between poles of a battery
C. a flat stone skipping across a lake
D. water flowing through a garden hose
_dopamine____6. Patients with Parkinson’s disease have decreased levels of this neurotransmitter
__oligodendrocyte___7. The type of neuroglia cell forms the myelin sheath in the central nervous system
__dendrites___8. The cytoplasmic extensions that, together with the cell body, provide the main
receptive surfaces for neurons
__action threshold___9. The minimal stimulus needed to cause a neuron to transmit an impulse
__Schwann_10. The cells that produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system
Chapter 11 – The Brain & S.C.
11. If the area of the cerebral hemispheres corresponding to Broca’s area is damaged,
a person loses the inability to __speak___.
12. Gray matter of the spinal cord is mostly composed of what type of neurons?
__interneurons_____
D_13. The condition called spina bifida is characterized by an
a. abnormality in neural tube development
b. open vertebral column
c. exposed spinal cord
d. all of the above
_D_14. Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus?
a. regulation of body temperature
b. control of hunger
c. production of hormones
d. regulation of reflexes that control posture
_____15. The portion of the brain involved in understanding speech & using words is located in the
__temporal__ lobe of the cerebrum.
16. A person dreams during this stage of the sleep cycle _____REM_______
_grey commisure___17. The right & left gray matter of the spinal cord are connected by this
_subdural hematoma__18. Disorder which is characterized by a buildup of blood below the dura mater.
__medulla____19. Has the main centers for breathing reflexes
__anencephaly_____20. A neural tube defect in a fetus characterized by having a brainstem but lacking
most of the cerebrum
Chapter 14 – Blood
21. The biconcave cells in blood that lack nuclei when they are mature are _erythrocytes_.
22. _thrombocytes___ are best described as cytoplasmic fragments of cells.
23. The condition called cyanosis is caused by an increased blood concentration of
__deoxyhemoglobin______.
24. _megakaryocyte___This large cell breaks apart to form the thromobocytes in red marrow.
25. _eosinophil____ would increase with a parasitic infection.
26. ___neutrophil__ are the most abundant leukocyte and use phagocytosis to destroy unwanted
particles.
27. ____basophil__ release heparin and are increased with allergies.
28. ___lymphocyte_____ form into T cells and B cells in the red marrow.
29. When oxygen is present in hemoglobin it is known as ___oxyhemoglobin_______.
Chapter 15 – The Heart
_B__30. The normal pacemaker of the heart is the
a. Purkinje fibers
b. S-A node
c. A-V node
d. bundle of His
31.__Arteries___ are strong, elastic blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart;
32. __Veins___ are less elastic blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart.
33. Oxygenated blood is received by the __left___ __atrium___ of the heart.
__epicardium___34. The visceral pericardium is also known as this
__tunica intima_35. The inner lining of arteries
___chordae tendinae___36. Fibrous strings that attach to the A-V valves
__papillary muscles__37. Muscles that open & close the A-V valves
__endocardium__38. The inner lining of the heart
39. The primary pacemaker of the heart is the _SA__ node, located in the _R. Atrium____.
40. The valve that is located between the right atrium & right ventricle in the heart is the ___tricuspid_
valve.