Download Chemistry 432: Final Exam Review Sheet

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Chemistry 434: Final Exam Review Sheet
Chapters: 7- 8, 19, and 9-15.
1. Layout of the periodic table: metals, non- metals, metalloids, alkali metals, alkali earth metals,
halogens, noble gases, groups and charges, oxidation numbers, general properties of metals,
nonmetals, and metaloids; transition metals/elements. (8 questions)
2. Types of chemical reactions, writing and balancing chemical and nuclear reactions.
(8 questions)
Particles involved in nuclear reactions:
a) proton (11p or 11H)
b) neutron (01n)
c) alpha particle (24 or 24He ): a helium nucleus that has a charge of +2;
common in very heavy nuclei.
d) beta particle (-10 or -10e): an electron emitted from the nucleus and formed
from the breakdown of one neutron into a proton and an electron.
n  p + -10
e) positron, anti-electron, (+10 or +10e): a particle with the same mass of an
electron but having a positive charge and formed in the nucleus
from the breakdown of a proton.
p  n + +10
f) gamma ray (): high energy radiation emitted from a nucleus as it changes
from an excited state to the ground state.
3.
Stoichiometry: (10 questions in addition to 5 calculations)
Naming and writing chemical formulas/equations: subscripts, coefficients, stoichiometric
calculations, mass, volume, or particles  moles A x coefficient ratios  moles B  mass,
volume, or particles. Limiting/excess reactants. Handout.
4. Phases of matter and properties of solids, liquids, and gases. (30 questions and 4 calculations)
Includes: The kinetic theory, types and properties of solutions: gaseous, liquid, and solid solutions,
heating curves and calculations, solubility curves; phase diagrams, concentration including percent
by mass, molarity, molality, normality, colligative properties, and calculations. Reference handout.
5. Gas laws and associated calculations (12 questions and calculations)
Relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature of gases, Graham's law, Boyles law,
Charle's law, combined gas law, ideal gas law, Dalton's law of partial pressure, manometers
Reference handout.
6. Types and general properties of acids and bases; (10 questions and 5 calculations) calculating
concentration and pH. Strong and weak acids and bases, strong and weak electrolytes, degree of
ionization, non-electrolytes. Refer to previous handout.
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7. Oxidation-reduction reactions and oxidation numbers: (8 questions) Calculating oxidation
numbers, recognizing substances which are being oxidized and those being reduced, recognizing
redox reactions. Balancing Redox reactions. Electrochemistry. Handout.
8. Physical and Chemical Equilibrium: Writing and calculating equilibrium constants, interpreting
equilibrium constants, effect of equilibrium with changes in concentration, pressure, and
temperature. Handout
Equations and Calculations:
1. Calculating concentration given H+ or OH-
Hydrogen ion H+ is the same as the hydronium ion H3O+.
2. Calculation pH, pOH, H+, or OH- given pH, pOH, H+, or OH-.
3. Calculation molarity (M), molality (m), freezing point depression (Tf), and boiling point elevation
(Tb).
4. Gas law calculations using combined gas law, Dalton's law, ideal gas law, Graham’s Law.
5. Stoichiometric calculations involving mass, volume, and particle relationships between substances
in a chemical equation.
Read chapter summaries and review material you may not remember; review notes and material
handed out in class. You will have only a copy of the periodic table for the test. I will include
equations and constants for colligative property calculations; any other equations/conversions you
should know i.e. gas laws (combined and ideal others are derived from these), stoichiometric
calculations.