Download SOL_Study_Book_4.2_force_and_Motion

SOL STUDY BOOK
4TH GRADE
MOVING OBJECTS
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page 1: Position of Objects
Page 2: Speed
Page 3: Force
Page 4: Kinetic/Potential Energy
Page 5: Friction
Page 6: Practice
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POSITION OF OBJECTS
The position of an object can be described by comparing
it with surrounding objects that seem NOT to be moving.
POSITION IS THE LOCATION OF AN OBJECT!
Key position words include:
 Behind
 Below
 Left
 Right
 Ahead
 Above
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Speed
Speed describes how fast an object is moving.
Speed is the measure of motion.
On a highway, most cars will try to remain at a steady
speed of 55mph.
On the interstate, the speed limit is increased to 65 mph.
In a school zone, cars have to decrease to a speed of 25
mph.
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Force
A force is a push or pull that causes an object to move, stop or change
speed or direction.
The greater the force, the greater the change in motion will be.
The larger the object, the less effect the force will have on the object.
Unless acted upon by a force, objects in motion tend to stay in motion
and objects at rest remain at rest.
Objects move:
UP
DOWN
FORWARD
OR
BACKWARDS
ALL WITH JUST A PUSH OR PULL
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Kinetic or Potential Energy
Energy may exist in two states: KINETIC OR
POTENTIAL
A moving object has energy, called kinetic energy.
Kinetic energy is the energy of MOTION.
If you have a moving object…you have kinetic
energy…the energy of motion!!!
Potential Energy is called such because it has the
POTENTIAL to turn into kinetic energy. When your
roller coaster car hesitates at the top of the ride, before
you take the big plunge, it is full of POTENTIAL
energy.
When you are zooming down that hill and your stomach
feels like it is in your throat, you are experiencing
KINETIC ENERGY!
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Friction
FRICTION is the resistance to motion created by two
objects rubbing against each other. It creates heat.
If there were no friction, it would be easy to pull large,
heavy objects across the floor.
If there were no friction, you would not be able to walk!
Your shoes would not grip the ground and you would
slide.
Without friction you would not even be able to pick
anything up because you would not be able to grip the
object. It would slip out of your hands!
To get the most out of friction we even wear special shoes
like baseball cleats, soccer cleats, basketball shoes and
track shoes.
Friction wears objects down. This is why the bottoms of
your shoes slowly disappear and why your parents have to
buy new tires for the car.
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PRACTICE ONLINE AT:
http://www.pen.k12.va.us/VDOE/Assessment/releasedtests.html
http://education.jlab.org/solquiz/index.html
http://www.iq.poquoson.org/
http://www.virginiasol.com/test.htm
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