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LAB PACKET – HEAT AND PHASE CHANGES
PART 1: Dance of the Molecules - Experiment # 1
Predict how the food coloring will react in each.
HOT WATER - Beaker 1
COLD WATER - Beaker 2
Record resultsDraw a picture of each:
Conclusion:
1.
Beaker # 1
Beaker # 2
How do your observations support the principle that the molecules in hot objects move faster
than the molecules in cold objects?
2. Suppose you let the experiment continue for several hours. What would the jars of food
coloring look like afterward?
3. Consider a fragrant candle burning the corner of one side of a large room.
It would be possible to smell the fragrance on the other side of the room
after a short period of time. Use your observations to explain how this is
so.
4. Would the fragrance get to you more quickly, more slowly, or in the same
amount of time if the air in the room were colder? Why?
5. What type of energy transfer is this? Explain your answer.
6. Explain the other types of energy transfer.
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PART 2: The Temperature is Right - Experiment # 2
PROCEDURE: Place a finger in beaker A and beaker C. Hold them there for the same amount
of time. Then place both fingers in beaker B at the same time.
RESULTS: what do you notice when you compare the feeling in your fingers?
Conclusion:
7. How did your hands feel in beaker B?
8. Why did you have that response when both hands were in beaker B?
9. What difference does it make that someone’s finger was hot or cold to begin with?
10. What does it mean that “hot” and “cold” are subjective?
11. How does this apply to where you live? Does it affect your opinion of other climates?
12. People often use the terms “heat” and “temperature” incorrectly. Explain in your own words
the difference between the two terms.
13. What do molecules have to do with heat and temperature?
14. What are you doing when you increase the temperature in a
container?
15. What is happening to the molecules when we add temperature?
16. What must I do to slow the molecules down?
17. Imagine you have 100 ml of water that is 100°C and 1000 ml that is
50°C. Which has more hotness or total amount of energy? Explain
your answer.
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PART 3 - LAB - Phases of Matter: Measuring and Graphing
Introduction
We have discussed the three phases of matter (solid, liquid, gas) in detail. In addition, we have learned
that in order to go from solid state to liquid state to a gas you must add energy. Energy is needed to
cause the molecules to speed up, which causes the change in phase. Today, you are going to be
investigating the temperature at which some of these phase changes take place in water.
Experiment
Materials:
 1 hot plate
 1 ring stand
 1 500 mL beaker
 1 thermometer



Ice
Triple beam balance
Clock/stopwatch (no, your phone doesn’t
count.)
Procedure
1. Measure the mass of the empty beaker. Record.
2. Fill the beaker about half full with ice. Measure the mass of the beaker + ice. Record.
3. Calculate the mass of the ice, and record in your data table.
4. Record the temperature of the ice at time zero.
5. Gradually heat the ice. Measure the temperature at 45 second intervals, and record in your data
table.
***heat setting 5-6
6. Continue to heat until water appears. Record the time and the temperature. (Continue measuring at
45 second intervals.)
7. Continue to heat until the water boils for at least 3 minutes. Record the time and the temperature.
***On your data table – make notations to where there were
total states of matter and when a phase change happened.
8. Determine the mass of the water left in the beaker. (Reminder - you measured the mass of the
empty beaker in #1) Record.
9. Create a graph using time and temperature on each axis. Remember to include units and a title.
Your INDEPENDENT variable is located on the X-axis (horizontal) of your graph. Your dependent
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variable is located on the Y-axis of your graph.
10. On your graph, label the following terms where they fit:
freezing point, boiling point, independent variable, dependent variable, gas, liquid, solid
11. Answer the questions provided - turn in with your data table and graph.
Data/Results
Mass of Empty Beaker:
______________________
Mass of Beaker and Ice:
_______________________
Time
(Min/Sec)
Temperature
Mass of Ice: _____________
Mass of Beaker and Water:
____________________
Mass of Water: _____________
Observations
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Analysis
1. What are the three states/phases of matter? Draw a picture of how molecules in each phase of
matter would look.
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2. Do the different phases of the same substance have different masses (given the same volume)?
3. What is required for a substance to go from one phase to another?
4. What is the relationship between energy and movement of atoms?
5. What happened to the temperature of the water while the ice melted?
6. What happened to the temperature of the water while the water boiled?
7. At what temperature did the phase change from solid to liquid occur?
8. At what temperature did the phase change from liquid to gas occur?
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9. Did the atoms that make up the ice, water, steam, change their form during this experiment?
10. Did this experiment show a physical or a chemical change? Why?
11. What were the two variables in this experiment? What was the independent variable? Dependent?
12. How did the mass of the ice compare to the mass of the water left at the end of the experiment?
13. Why is the mass of the ice and the water different? (What happened to the other water?)
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