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Chapter 9 Test: DEVELOPMENT
Multiple Choice: Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1.
Development refers to
A.
value of a product compared to the needed labor.
B.
value of the output of goods and services.
C.
changes in political institutions.
D.
improvement in material conditions.
E.
division of jobs into different sectors.
2.
The more developed regions include all but which of the following?
A.
Western Europe
D.
South Pacific
B.
Anglo-America
E.
Eastern Europe
C.
Middle East
3.
The difference in per capita GDP between the more developed and less developed regions is
A.
widening.
D.
zero.
B.
decreasing.
E.
remaining constant.
C.
cycling up and down.
4.
On a north polar projection, less developed countries appear to be located
A.
in peripheral locations.
D.
in a core region.
B.
in the southern hemisphere.
E.
clustered in an inner ring.
C.
spread evenly across the landmasses.
5.
The value of total output of goods and services in a year in a country is its
A.
level of development.
D.
primary economic sector.
B.
value added.
E.
productivity index.
C.
gross domestic product.
6.
In 1995, the per capita GDP in Sudan was about $400; this indicates that it is a
A.
petroleum exporting state.
B.
less developed country.
C.
more developed country.
D.
has evenly distributed wealth.
E.
country with a high gross domestic product.
7.
Per capita GDP is a good indicator of all but which of the following?
A.
the distribution of wealth within a country
B.
potential for providing all citizens with a comfortable life
C.
the number of countries below the poverty level
D.
the approximate level of material well being in a country
E.
the spatial distribution of global wealth
8.
An example of a primary sector activity is
A.
manufacturing.
B.
retailing.
C.
mining.
D.
E.
banking.
education.
9.
Processing of computer information is an example of which sector of the economy?
A.
primary
D.
none of the above
B.
secondary
E.
B and C
C.
tertiary
10.
The tertiary sector includes all but which of the following?
A.
transportation
D.
government
B.
producer services
E.
construction
C.
banking
11.
Compared to more developed countries, less developed countries have a higher percentage of
workers in which sector of the economy?
A.
primary
D.
quaternary
B.
secondary
E.
B and C
C.
tertiary
12.
Tertiary sector jobs involve the
A.
extraction of materials from Earth.
B.
manufacturing of raw materials.
C.
provision of goods and services.
D.
E.
all of the above
A and C
13.
In more developed countries, employment is increasing in
A.
the primary sector.
D.
all three sectors.
B.
the secondary sector.
E.
A and B
C.
the tertiary sector.
14.
The large percentage of population involve in agriculture in China indicates that
A.
the country imports most of its food.
B.
most people consume an inadequate amount of calories.
C.
few people are unemployed.
D.
factory production cannot expand.
E.
most people must produce food for their own survival.
15.
People are more productive in more developed countries because they
A.
have a higher value added per person.
B.
work harder.
C.
are better educated.
D.
have access to more technology.
E.
understand their jobs better than workers in less developed countries.
16.
The value of a product minus the costs of raw materials and energy is
A.
gross domestic product.
D.
productivity.
B.
tertiary sector analysis.
E.
value added.
C.
market value.
17.
Today, European countries obtain raw materials
A.
from their abundant supplies.
B.
from domestic extraction industries.
C.
exclusively through pipelines.
D.
through exploitation of their colonies.
E.
through purchase from less developed countries.
18.
In less developed countries, consumer goods such as telephones, televisions, and motor vehicles are
A.
unknown and unfamiliar to most people.
B.
owned by a minority of the people.
C.
available only through local manufacture.
D.
available for sharing by a large number of people.
E.
essential to rural life.
19.
Which of the following is not an indicator of a country’s level of development?
A.
natural increase rate
D.
age structure
B.
crude death rate
E.
infant mortality rate
C.
literacy rate
20.
Correlating economic, social, and demographic indicators of development shows that
A.
a more developed country is likely to rank among the top ten in all major development
indicators.
B.
economic, social, and demographic characteristics do not in reality coincide with each other.
C.
less developed countries are declining on most measures.
D.
a less developed country can see which indicators need improvement.
E.
different indicators of development are associated with each other.
21.
Compared to more developed countries, less developed countries typically have all but which of the
following characteristics?
A.
shorter life expectancy
B.
higher crude birth rates
C.
lower dependency rates
D.
lower percentage of elderly
E.
higher percentage of children under age fifteen
22.
The Anglo-American region is the world’s leading provider of all but which of the following?
A.
petroleum
D.
entertainment
B.
sports
E.
financial and management services
C.
food
23.
Western Europe is distinguished from Anglo-America by its
A.
relative lack of raw materials.
D.
greater cultural homogeneity.
B.
self-sufficiency in raw materials.
E.
lack of strong banking institutions.
C.
ability to feed itself without importing food.
24.
Under communism, Eastern Europe was characterized by all but which of the following?
A.
governments that made the key decisions concerning the national economy
B.
favorable balances between population and resources
C.
specialization in production of consumer-orientated products
D.
most social and demographic indicators became comparable to Western Europe
E.
investment in heavy industries such as iron and steel
25.
The major asset of the Eastern European region is
A.
agricultural productivity.
B.
diversified industrial manufacturing.
C.
production of consumer goods.
D.
abundant reserves of many raw materials.
E.
extensive supplies of critical raw materials.
26.
Japan’s principal asset for promoting development was
A.
an abundant supply of labor.
B.
a favorable ratio of population to resources
C.
easy access to established Asian markets.
D.
high physiological density.
E.
extensive supplies of critical raw material.
27.
The Middle East shows promise of becoming more developed primarily because of what
characteristic?
A.
Islamic religious principles
D.
abundant petroleum reserves
B.
democratic reforms
E.
all of the above
C.
desert climate
28.
The highest level of development within Latin America is founded in
A.
interior South America.
B.
countries on the Caribbean coast of northern South America.
C.
Central America.
D.
Caribbean islands.
E.
southern South America.
29.
The less developed region with the highest percentage of people living in urban areas is
A.
the Middle East.
D.
South Asia.
B.
Southeast Asia.
E.
East Asia.
C.
Latin America.
30.
In the decades following the 1949 Communist victory in the civil war, the Chinese people were
subjected to increasing amounts of all but which of the following?
A.
fear of famine
B.
emphasis on rural life
C.
distribution of food according to need
D.
government assignment of specific tasks to farmers
E.
control of agricultural land
31.
Population was traditionally low in Southeast Asia because of
A.
high arithmetic density.
D.
inhospitable environment.
B.
Dutch colonial activity.
E.
low fertility rates.
C.
dry climate.
32.
Agricultural output in South Asia each year depends primarily on the
A.
price of jute.
D.
arrival of the monsoon.
B.
diffusion of miracle seeds.
E.
ratio between population and resources.
C.
price of coconut oil.
33.
Development prospects are limited in Sub-Saharan Africa because of all but which of the following?
A.
lack of monsoon rains
B.
overworked agricultural land and declining output
C.
poor leadership.
D.
capacity of land to produce food
E.
colonial legacy
34.
According to Rostow’s development model, the process of development begins when
A.
a high percentage of national wealth is allocated to nonproductive activities.
B.
an elite group initiates innovative activities.
C.
workers become more skilled and specialized.
D.
banking institutions are sufficiently mature.
E.
take-off industries achieve technical advances.
35.
According to the international trade approach to development, a country should identify all but
which of its following assets?
A.
high quality manufactured goods
D.
abundant mineral resources
B.
imports to be limited
E.
abundant agricultural products
C.
international consumer preferences
36.
The biggest problem in promoting development through the international trade alternative is
A.
regional cooperation.
B.
increased demand for many goods.
C.
increased price of petroleum.
D.
unequal distribution of resources.
E.
consumer demand expanding faster than manufacturing can increase.
37.
Saudi Arabia has successfully employed the international trade alternative primarily because of
A.
its strategic distribution location.
D.
petroleum reserves.
B.
consumer spending.
E.
traditional social customs.
C.
regional cooperation.
38.
China in the twenty-first century has seen all but which of the following economic changes?
A.
China’s manufacturing is driving down prices on consumer goods worldwide.
B.
Low factory wages in China are driving down manufacturing wages worldwide.
C.
China is now the leading banking center in Asia.
D.
China is now the world’s largest market for personal consumer products like toothpaste.
E.
China’s manufacturing sector is now the world’s second largest.
39.
In contrast to the international trade approach, the self-sufficiency approach to development
A.
begins when an elite group initiates innovative activities.
B.
spreads investment through all sectors of the economy.
C.
suffers from market stagnation.
D.
identifies appropriate developmental stages.
E.
results in uneven resource development.
40.
Traditional barriers to international investment have included
A.
elimination of quotas on imports.
D.
making domestic goods more expensive.
B.
weak domestic demand.
E.
low taxes on imports.
C.
requiring licenses for importers.
41.
In recent years, countries such as India have
A.
embraced the self-sufficiency approach.
D.
B.
returned to traditional agricultural methods. E.
C.
raised taxes on imports.
embraced the international trade model.
required licenses for importers.
42.
Which of the following is not an indicator of global gender inequality?
A.
Women on average have two-thirds of the income of men in MDCs.
B.
Female literacy is much lower than males in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East.
C.
Women have much lower incomes than men in LDCs.
D.
Female life expectancy is less than males in every country of the world.
E.
Women hold less than one-fourth of managerial jobs in LDCs where data are available.
43.
The principal benefit of the self-sufficiency approach is to promote
A.
balanced growth of all economic sectors.
D.
unequal distribution of resources.
B.
the maintenance of a large bureaucracy.
E.
more efficient industries.
C.
global competitiveness for local industries.
44.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Fair Trade movement?
A.
In North America most products have been craft products, while Europe has more sales in
foods.
B.
Products are made and traded according to standards intending to protect workers and small
businesses in LDCs.
C.
Protection of workers’ rights is a high priority for multinational corporations.
D.
Employers must pay fair wages and comply with environmental and safety standards.
E.
Cooperatives intend to benefit local farmers and artisans, rather than absentee corporate
owners.
45.
The biggest problem faced by less developed countries in financing development is
A.
promoting self-sufficiency.
B.
identifying unique economic assets.
C.
currency inflation.
D.
confrontation with more developed countries.
E.
inability to repay loans.