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Aquaculture and Ocean Fisheries Study Guide Chapter 16 (or look up on the internet) Terms Fishery Fishery Collapse Aquaculture or Fish Farming Wild-Caught Estuary, Coral Reefs, Mangroves, Salt Marshes, Kelp Forests Mercury and Biomagnification Breeding Grounds Non-target Fish By catch Over fishing Dredging Bottom Trawling Drift Netting Long Line Marine Reserves Consumer Certification (Dolphin Safe Tuna) Marine Stewardship Certification Sustainable Fisheries Act NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration UNCLOS (Law of the Seas) 1. Give specific evidence that ocean fisheries are not being used sustainably. Aquaculture 2. What is Aquaculture? 3. Give an example of an Invasive species that came from aquaculture. 4. Give an example of an invasive species that came from commercial shipping. 5. Describe how aquaculture can promote fish diseases. 6. Describe how aquaculture can promote antibiotic resistance. 7. Describe one problem caused by use of hormones in aquaculture. 8. Describe two ways aquaculture can cause eutrophication and dead zones in the ocean. 9. Describe how acquiring food for feeding aquiculture species creates ecological problems. 10. Describe how aquaculture can cause human health problems related to bioaccumulation and biomagnification. Be sure to explain where the toxins come from. Commercial Ocean (Wild-caught) Fishing 11. Read the central case on page 443 and explain what is meant by a “fishery collapse”. 12. What is a “Fishery”? Give an example. 13. What are the three methods of commercial ocean fishing? 14. For each method describe an ecological problem it can cause (besides overfishing). 15. What is a “Non-target” fish? 16. Give an example of Bycatch. 17. How are Mangrove forests, Estuaries, Saltwater Marshes, Swamps, Coral Reefs, and Kelp beds important for the sustainability of ocean fisheries? (p449-454) 18. Besides damage to fisheries, describe two other ways humans damage the ocean environment. 19. What does it mean to “fish down the food chain” and what problem does it cause? (Page 461) Fishery Restoration 20. Describe the provisions of one program that is designed to restore a fishery. Fishery Protection 21. How do ocean preserves help make ocean fisheries sustainable? 22. Describe one United States government act or program that protects fisheries. 23. Describe one international treaty or program that protects fisheries. 24. Go to the Monterey Bay Aquarium Seafood Watch website and find one fish species you should avoid eating and explain why it is recommended that people stop purchasing and eating this species. (http://www.montereybayaquarium.org ) 25. Go to the Monterey Bay Aquarium website and find one fish species that is a good choice for eating and explain why it is recommended that people purchase and eat this species. http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/cr/cr_seafoodwatch/sfw_gear.aspx Fishing Links Long Line Fishing https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yzkdXFh7N6A&list=PLhF2RSgIFf8n_eqcG5qQ4_rwJ5WN5vhM&index=1 Gill Netting https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MLtknnZunrE&list=PLhF2RSgIFf8n_eqcG5qQ4_rwJ5WN5vhM&index=2 Bottom Trawling https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BnmGbDN278Y&index=4&list=PLhF2RSgIFf8n_eqcG5qQ4_r wJ5-WN5vhM Purse Seine https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4JUKvrfaslM&index=6&list=PLhF2RSgIFf8n_eqcG5qQ4_rwJ 5-WN5vhM Video: overfishing 3 min https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vWEAd4HLV-g