Download Ch 5 The Skeletal System

A&P
Name:
Date:
Ch 5 The Skeletal System
A.
B.
Parts of the skeletal system
1.
_______________________ (206 in the body)
2.
_______________________
3.
_______________________
4.
_______________________
Two divisions of skeletal system
1.
_______________________
a)
2.
The appendages
_______________________
a)
The parts that rotate on an axis
Bone Functions
A.
_______________________ of the body
B.
_______________________ of soft organs
C.
_______________________
D.
_______________________ of minerals and fats
E.
_______________________ cell formation
Bones of the Human Body
A. Two types
1.
_______________________
a)
2.
Homogeneous (the same throughout)
_______________________
a)
Small, needle-like pieces of bone (called trabeculae)
b)
Many open spaces
c)
Contains _______________________
Microscopic Anatomy of Bone
A. Osteon (Haversian System)
1.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
A unit of bone
Haversian Canal
1.
Opening in the center of an osteon
2.
Carries blood vessels and nerves
Volkmann’s Canal
1.
Canal perpendicular to the Haversian Canal
2.
Also carries blood vessels and nerves
Lacunae
1.
Cavities that contain osteocytes (bone cells)
2.
Arranged in rings
Lamellae
1.
Rings around the Haversian Canals
2.
Sites of Lacunae
Canaliculi
1.
Tiny canals
2.
Radiate from Haversian Canal to lacunae
3.
For transport
Taylor – Anatomy & Physiology
Period:
A&P
Name:
Date:
Period:
Bone Classification
A.
Long
B.
Short
C.
Flat
D.
Irregular
Long Bones
A. Typically _______________________ than _______________________
B.
Have a shaft with heads on both ends
C.
Contain mostly _______________________ bone
1.
Examples: _______________________, _______________________
Short Bones
A. Usually _______________________-shaped
B.
Contain mostly _______________________ bone
1.
Examples: _______________________, _______________________
Flat Bones
A. _______________________ and flattened
B.
Usually _______________________
C.
Thin layers of _______________________ sandwiching a layer of _______________________
1.
Example: _______________________, ribs, sternum
Bone Growth
Irregular Bones
A. _______________________ shape
B.
Do not fit into other bone categories
1.
Example: _______________________ and _______________________
Bone Growth
TYPES OF BONE CELLS
•
•
•
•
Osteocytes
•
Mature bone cells
•
Maintenance
_______________
•
Bone-forming cells
_______________
•
Bone-destroying cells
•
Break down osseous matrix for remodeling
Both osteoblasts and osteoclasts are used in bone remodeling
Bone Formation
A.
_______________________ Plates
1.
B.
Allow for growth of bone during childhood
a)
New _______________________ is continually being made
b)
Older _______________________ is _______________________
(1)
Cartilage is broken down
(2)
Bone replaces cartilage
Bones are remodeled, widened and lengthened until growth stops
Gross Anatomy of Long Bones
Structures of a Long Bone (pg. 118, Fig. 5.2)
BONE FRACTURES
Taylor – Anatomy & Physiology
A&P
Name:
•
•
•
Date:
A break in a bone
Types
•
Closed (simple) - break that doesn’t penetrate skin
•
Open (compound) - break that does penetrate skin
Fractures are treated by reduction and immobilization
•
Realigning the bone
COMMON TYPES OF FRACTURES
(TEXTBOOK PG 123)
BONE REMODELING (PG 124)
Bone Markings
A.
Surface features of bones
B.
Sites of ligament and tendon attachment
C.
Blood vessel and nerve passages
D.
Two types
1.
_______________________ and _______________________
a)
2.
Grow out from bone surface
_______________________ and _______________________
a)
Indentations
The Axial Skeleton
A.
_______________________ Pg 126-130
B.
_______________________ Pg 131-134
C.
_______________________ (ribs and sternum) Pg 135
D.
The Appendicular Skeleton
_______________________ (appendages) Pg 140-141 (upper limbs), 144-145 (lower limbs)
E.
_______________________ girdle (shoulder area) Pg 139
F.
_______________________ girdle (hip area) Pg 142
HAND MNEMONIC
•
•
Hand
•
Foot
•
So Long To Pinky, Here Comes The Thumb!
•
Proximal, Lateral-to-Medial
•
Scaphoid
•
Lunate
•
Triquetrum
•
Pisiform
•
Distal, Medial-to-Lateral
•
Hamate
•
Capitate
•
Trapezoid
•
Trapezium
FOOT MNEMONICS
Tiger Cubs Need MILC
•
Superior, then clockwise
•
Talus
•
Calcaneus
•
Navicular
•
Medial Cuneiform
•
Intermediate Cuneiform
•
Lateral Cuneiform
•
Cuboid
Taylor – Anatomy & Physiology
Period: