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A&P Name: Date: Ch 5 The Skeletal System A. B. Parts of the skeletal system 1. _______________________ (206 in the body) 2. _______________________ 3. _______________________ 4. _______________________ Two divisions of skeletal system 1. _______________________ a) 2. The appendages _______________________ a) The parts that rotate on an axis Bone Functions A. _______________________ of the body B. _______________________ of soft organs C. _______________________ D. _______________________ of minerals and fats E. _______________________ cell formation Bones of the Human Body A. Two types 1. _______________________ a) 2. Homogeneous (the same throughout) _______________________ a) Small, needle-like pieces of bone (called trabeculae) b) Many open spaces c) Contains _______________________ Microscopic Anatomy of Bone A. Osteon (Haversian System) 1. B. C. D. E. F. A unit of bone Haversian Canal 1. Opening in the center of an osteon 2. Carries blood vessels and nerves Volkmann’s Canal 1. Canal perpendicular to the Haversian Canal 2. Also carries blood vessels and nerves Lacunae 1. Cavities that contain osteocytes (bone cells) 2. Arranged in rings Lamellae 1. Rings around the Haversian Canals 2. Sites of Lacunae Canaliculi 1. Tiny canals 2. Radiate from Haversian Canal to lacunae 3. For transport Taylor – Anatomy & Physiology Period: A&P Name: Date: Period: Bone Classification A. Long B. Short C. Flat D. Irregular Long Bones A. Typically _______________________ than _______________________ B. Have a shaft with heads on both ends C. Contain mostly _______________________ bone 1. Examples: _______________________, _______________________ Short Bones A. Usually _______________________-shaped B. Contain mostly _______________________ bone 1. Examples: _______________________, _______________________ Flat Bones A. _______________________ and flattened B. Usually _______________________ C. Thin layers of _______________________ sandwiching a layer of _______________________ 1. Example: _______________________, ribs, sternum Bone Growth Irregular Bones A. _______________________ shape B. Do not fit into other bone categories 1. Example: _______________________ and _______________________ Bone Growth TYPES OF BONE CELLS • • • • Osteocytes • Mature bone cells • Maintenance _______________ • Bone-forming cells _______________ • Bone-destroying cells • Break down osseous matrix for remodeling Both osteoblasts and osteoclasts are used in bone remodeling Bone Formation A. _______________________ Plates 1. B. Allow for growth of bone during childhood a) New _______________________ is continually being made b) Older _______________________ is _______________________ (1) Cartilage is broken down (2) Bone replaces cartilage Bones are remodeled, widened and lengthened until growth stops Gross Anatomy of Long Bones Structures of a Long Bone (pg. 118, Fig. 5.2) BONE FRACTURES Taylor – Anatomy & Physiology A&P Name: • • • Date: A break in a bone Types • Closed (simple) - break that doesn’t penetrate skin • Open (compound) - break that does penetrate skin Fractures are treated by reduction and immobilization • Realigning the bone COMMON TYPES OF FRACTURES (TEXTBOOK PG 123) BONE REMODELING (PG 124) Bone Markings A. Surface features of bones B. Sites of ligament and tendon attachment C. Blood vessel and nerve passages D. Two types 1. _______________________ and _______________________ a) 2. Grow out from bone surface _______________________ and _______________________ a) Indentations The Axial Skeleton A. _______________________ Pg 126-130 B. _______________________ Pg 131-134 C. _______________________ (ribs and sternum) Pg 135 D. The Appendicular Skeleton _______________________ (appendages) Pg 140-141 (upper limbs), 144-145 (lower limbs) E. _______________________ girdle (shoulder area) Pg 139 F. _______________________ girdle (hip area) Pg 142 HAND MNEMONIC • • Hand • Foot • So Long To Pinky, Here Comes The Thumb! • Proximal, Lateral-to-Medial • Scaphoid • Lunate • Triquetrum • Pisiform • Distal, Medial-to-Lateral • Hamate • Capitate • Trapezoid • Trapezium FOOT MNEMONICS Tiger Cubs Need MILC • Superior, then clockwise • Talus • Calcaneus • Navicular • Medial Cuneiform • Intermediate Cuneiform • Lateral Cuneiform • Cuboid Taylor – Anatomy & Physiology Period: