Download Unit 5 Review Guide

Chapter 13-14 Study Guide / Review
I. Vocabulary Terms: Choose 5 words that do not look immediately familiar or have been difficult
for you in this unit. For each, write out that term with its definition. If all are familiar, then pick the
five least familiar vocabulary terms.
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Gene
Locus
Asexual vs. sexual reproduction
Somatic cell
Karyotype
Homologous chromosomes
Sex chromosomes vs. autosomes
Haploid vs. diploid
Fertilization
Zygote
Meiosis (I and II)
Synapsis
Tetrad
Chiasmata
Crossing over
Trait
True-breeding
Monohybrid vs. dihybrid cross
P, F1, F2 generations
Alleles
Dominant vs. recessive
Law of segregation
Homozygous vs. heterozygous
Genotype vs. phenotype
Testcross
Law of independent assortment
Incomplete dominance
Codominance
Multiple alleles
Pleiotropy
Epistasis
Polygenic inheritance
Pedigree
Cystic fibrosis
Tay-Sachs disease
Sickle-cell disease
Huntington’s disease
Amniocentesis
Chorionic villus sampling
Ultrasound
Fetoscopy
ABO blood groups
II. Review / Short Answer
1 a) If 2n = 18, how many chromosomes will be present in somatic cells?
b) If 2n = 18, how many chromosomes will be found in the gametes?
c) If n = 18, how many chromosomes will be found in diploid somatic cells?
d) If n = 18, how many pairs of homologous chromosomes will be found in gametes?
e) If 2n = 32, how many different combinations of maternal or paternal chromosomes are possible in a gamete?
f) If 2n = 32, what is the chance that any two parents will produce a zygote with any possible diploid combination of
chromosomes? ________
2) In the spaces provided below, draw and label a cell with a diploid number of 8 (2n = 8) in prophase I
of meiosis before and after crossing over has occurred. Use colored pencils and color the maternal
chromosomes one color and the paternal chromosomes a different color. After crossing over, use the
appropriate to show the “new” locations of the exchanged chromosomal sections.
PROPHASE I OF
MEIOSIS
(before/during
crossing over)
PROPHASE I OF
MEIOSIS
(after crossing over)
3) Two true-breeding varieties of a newly discovered plant species are crossed. One parent has red,
axial flowers, and the other had white, terminal flowers. All F 1 individuals had red, terminal flowers.
If 100 F2 offspring were counted, how many of the would you expect to have red, axial flowers?
4) What are two advantages to using chorionic villus sampling (CVS) over amniocentesis?
5) Flower position, stem length, and seed shape were three characters that Mendel studied. Each is
controlled by an independently assorting gene and has dominant and recessive expression as follows:
Character
flower position
stem length
seed shape
Dominant
axial (A)
tall (T)
round (R)
Recessive
terminal (a)
dwarf (t)
wrinkled (r)
If a pea plant that is heterozygous for all three characteristics were allowed to self-fertilize, what
proportion of the offspring would be expected to be as follows: (Note: use the rules of probability
instead of a huge Punnett square).
a) homozygous for the three dominant traits
b) homozygous for the three recessive traits
c) heterozygous
d) homozygous for axial and tall, heterozygous for seed shape
6) Consider the pedigree below for the trait albinism (lack of skin pigmentation) in three generations
of a family. (Solid symbols represent individuals who are albinos). From your knowledge of Mendelian
inheritance, answer the questions that follow.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Is this trait caused by a dominant or recessive allele? How can you tell?
Determine the genotypes of the parents in the first generation. (Let AA and Aa represent normal
pigmentation and aa be the albino genotype.)
Determine the probably genotypes of the mates of the albino offspring in the second generation
and the grandson 4 in the third generation.
Can you determine the genotype of son 3 in the second generation? Why or why not?
7) The height of spike weed is a result of polygenic inheritance involving three genes. Within each, an
allele can contribute an additional 5 cm to the base height of the plant. The base height of the week
is 10 cm, and the tallest plant can reach 40 cm.
a) If a tall plant (AABBCC) is crossed with a base-height plant (aabbcc), what is the height
of the the F1 plants?
b) How many phenotypic classes will there be in the F2 generation?
8) Examine this karyotype. Identify
whether or not this individual is male or
female, and whether or not there are
any chromosomal abnormalities.