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>^-^> ~BrainPop Science Key Terms ~<^-^< Types of Rocks Igneous Rock: Rock formed by the solidification of molten magma. Magma: Hot fluid or semi-fluid material below or within the earth's crust from which lava and other igneous rock is formed by cooling. MOLTEN: Materials with a high melting point, such as metal and glass) Liquefied by heat. LAVA: Hot molten or semi-fluid rock erupted from a volcano or fissure, or solid rock resulting from cooling of this. METAMORPHOSIS: A change of the form or nature of a thing or person into a completely different one, by natural or supernatural means. SEDIMENT: Particulate matter that is carried by water or wind and deposited on the surface of the land or the bottom of a body of water, and may in time become consolidated into rock. ALIGN: Put things into correct relative positions. ERODE: wind, water, or other natural agents Gradually wear away soil, rock, or land. The Rock Cycle IGNEOUS: Igneous rocks form when molten rock cools and becomes solid. SEDIMENTARY: Sedimentary rocks are those formed from the compaction and cementation of fragments of pre-existing rocks. METAMORPHIC: Metamorphic rocks are formed by the alteration of pre-existing rocks from exposure to heat and pressure while remaining in a solid form. MAGMA: Hot, liquid rock found deep inside the earth. ROCK CYCLE: An idealized cycle of processes undergone by rocks in the earth's crust. Weathering: WEATHERING: Be worn away or altered by such processes. SEDIMENTS: Matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid. MECHANICAL WEATHERING: Weathering is the breaking down of Earth's rocks, soils and minerals through direct contact with the planet's atmosphere. CHEMICAL WEATHERING: Chemical reactions that act on rocks exposed to water and the atmosphere. CARBONIC ACID: A very weak acid, H2CO3, formed in solution when carbon dioxide dissolves in water. Erosion: EROSION: The process of eroding or being eroded by wind, water, or other natural agents. WEATHERING: Wear away or change the appearance or texture of something. RIVER DELTA: A delta is a landform that is created at the mouth of a river where that river flows into an ocean, sea, estuary, lake, reservoir, flat arid area, or another river. CANYONS: A deep gorge, typically one with a river flowing through it. GLACIER: A slowly moving mass or river of ice formed by the accumulation and compaction of snow on mountains or near the poles. GLACIAL EROSION: The wearing down of the Earth's surface by glaciers. Rock debris at the bottom of a glacier scrapes and erodes the surface. Mineral Identification: MINERAL: A solid inorganic substance of natural occurrence. TRAIT: A genetically determined characteristic. HARDNESS: The property of being rigid and resistant to pressure; not easily scratched. MOHS SCALE: A scale of hardness used in classifying minerals. LUSTER: A gentle sheen or soft glow, esp. that of a partly reflective surface. STREAK (NOUN): A long, thin line or mark of a different substance or color from its surroundings. CLEAVAGE: A sharp division; a split. FRACTURE (NOUN): The cracking or breaking of a hard object or material.