Download HIP BONE

Hindlimb Bones

Cingulum membri pelvini (Pelvic girdle)
Os coxae

Stylopodium
Femur + Patella

Zeugopodium
Ossa cruris (Tibia-Fibula)

Autopodium
Skeleton pedis
Basipodium
Ossa tarsi
Metapodium
Ossa metatarsi
Acropodium
Ossa digitorum pedis
Coto
Pelvic Girdle - HIP BONE - Os coxae

The pelvic girdle connects the spine with the hindlimb. It consists of two hip bones.
They are attached to the sacrum posteriorly, fused with each other ventraly, and
joined with the two femurs at the hip joints.

The hip bone also consists of fusion between 3 main bones;
Os ilium Os pubis Os ischii
Coto
OS COXAE

Ossa coxarum : ,the two hip bones are united ventrally at the symphysis pelvina and
ossified with mid-age.

This junction area are subdivided into cranial and caudal parts. (Absent in birds)
Symphysis pelvina
sym.pubis + sym.ischii
Coto
OS COXAE

Acetabulum : Deep socket for the femoral head.
It is formed by the fusion of the shafts of three
bones.
Facies lunata
Fossa acetabuli
Inc.acetabuli
Wide (Car, eq) - Narrow (Ru, su)
Coto
OS COXAE

For.obturatum : The large opening at the base
of bony pelvis through which nerves and blood
vessels pass.
Memb.obturatoria
Canalis obturatorius
a.v.n.obturatorius
Coto
OS COXAE

Spina ischiadica
blunt (Car, eq) - Sharp (Ru, su)
Inc.ischiadica major et minor
Coto
OS COXAE

Os ilium : The largest and most cranial part

Os pubis : Locates craniao-ventral portion

Os ischii : Caudal part of the pelvis
Coto
OS ILIUM

Ilium is the most cranial part of the hip bone. It
consists of a broad wing and rounded shaft.

Corpus ossis ilii

Ala ossis ilii
Coto
OS ILIUM

Corpus ossis ilii

Ala ossis ilii
Facies glutea
(depressed in Car)
linea glutea
Facies sacropelvina
facies iliaca
tuberositas iliaca
facies auricularis
linea arcuata
tub.m.psoas minoris
Crista iliaca
(convex in Su ve Car)
tuber coxae
tuber sacrale
Coto
OS PUBIS

Corpus ossis pubis

Ramus cranialis ossis pubis

Ramus caudalis ossis pubis
*eminentia iliopubica
*pecten ossis pubis
*tuberculum pubicum dorsale
*tuberculum pubicum ventrale
Symphysis pubis
Coto
OS ISCHII

Corpus ossis ischii

Ramus ossis ischii
tabula ossis ischii
symphysis ischiadicum
tuber ischiadicum
one process (Car, su)
two projections (eq)
three tubercle (Ru)
arcus ischiadicus
*Solum pelvis osseum*
Coto
PELVIS

Pelvis (bony pelvis) consists of two hip bones (os coxae), sacrum and first few caudal
vertebras

It encloses the pelvic cavity. It is the section of the body caudal the abdomen. The
reproductive organs (sex organs), some parts of urinary system and last part of
digestive canal (the rectum) located in this gap

Pelvic inlet (Apertura pelvis cranialis)

Pelvic outlet (Apertura pelvis caudalis)
Coto
Diameter of Pelvis


Diameter conjugata: Median line taken from promontory to the cranial end of sym.pubis
Diameter verticalis : Vertical line taken from pubis to pelvic surface of the sacrum
inclinatio pelvis
 Diameter transversa
a- For pelvic inlet
*dorsal – between two sides of sacral wings
*medial– between two tub.m.psoas minoris
*ventral– between two eminentia iliopubica
b- For pelvic cavity
*cranial– between two inc.ischiadica major
*medial– between two spina ischiadica
*caudal– between two tuber ischiadicum
Coto
FEMUR
Thighbone
Os femoris

Femur is the most proximal bone of the hindlimb.
It is analagous to the humerus of upperarm

It is the longest and strongest bone of the body

It forms hip joint and stifle joint (knee joint)

The Proximal and the distal extremities

The body
Coto
Femur : Proximal extremity

The Head (Caput ossis femoris)
- Fovea capitis (for the round lig. of femur)

The Neck

The prominences (Trochanters)
- Trochanter major et minor
- Fossa trochanterica
- Crista intertrochanterica
Coto
Femur : Body

Trochanter tertius (eq) – distal to the greater trochanter

Facies aspera (labium laterale et mediale)

Facies poplitea

Fossa supracondylaris

Tuberositas supracondylaris (Car, su)
Coto
Femur : Distal extremity

Trochlea ossis femoris
tub.trochlea ossis femoris (eq)
(for locking over the patella)

Condylus lateralis et medialis

Fossa intercondylaris
Coto
Fabella – Ossa sesamoidea m.gastrocnemii

Facies articularis sesamoidea lateralis et medialis
Coto
Patella – The Kneecap

The largest sesamoid bone in the body

It is soft cartilage in birth, ossified in childhood

It covers and protects the knee joint

It helps the extension of the knee

Basis patella – m.quadriceps femoris attaches

Apex patella – patellar ligament attaches

Facies articularis and Facies cranialis
Coto
OSSA CRURIS

Skeleton of the leg, like that of the antebrachium, is formed by two long bones.

Differently from that they can not rotate against one another, remain almost parallel.

Fibula is the lateral bone of the crus. It is more slender

Tibia is the medial bone of the crus. It is stouter
Coto
FIBULA – The calfbone

The fibula is located on the lateral side of the
tibia, connected with it from above and below

Caput fibulae

Malleolus lateralis (Os malleolare in Ru)
- The bone is fully-developed in Man, Su, Car.
- The bone is reduced and distal half of it is absent
in Equine.
- The bone is rudimentary, the body is absent. The
proximal end fuses with the tibia and distal end (os
malleolare) articulates with the tibia in Ruminant.
Coto
TIBIA – The shinbone
The Proximal End;

Condylus lateralis et medialis

Eminentia intercondylaris

Tuberculum intercondylare laterale

Tuberculum intercondylare mediale
Area intercondylares

Inc.poplitea (for m.popliteus)

Sulcus extensorius (for m.ext.dig.longus)

Facies articularis fibularis

Tuberositas tibiae

Sulcus tuberositatis tibiae (eq)
Coto
TIBIA – The shinbone
The Distal End;

Cochlea tibiae

Malleolus medialis

Malleolus lateralis (eq)

Incisura fibularis (car)
Coto
SKELETON PEDIS

Tarsal bones

Metatarsal bones

Digital bones
Coto
OSSA TARSI – The Hock

The series of bones form the skeleton of
gambrel consist of three row short bones

Proximal row : Two bones
Talus in medial, calcaneus in lateral

Central row : One bone
Os tarsi centrale

Distal row : Four bones
Os tarsale 1th, 2nd, 3rd, 4th
Coto
OSSA TARSI
TALUS
Caput tali
Trochlea tali
Collum tali
CALCANEUS
Tuber calcanei
Proc. coracoideus
Sustentaculum tali
Os tarsı centrale
os tarsale
primum
os tarsale
secundum
Car-Su
T
C
Tc
1 2 3 4
os tarsale
tertium
Eq
T
os tarsale
quartum
Ru
C
Tc
1+2 3 4
C
T
Tc + 4
1 2+3
Coto
Formation of the tarsal bones among mammals

Number of the bones in animals ; Generalized pattern is seen in man, pig, car.
Man: 7
Car: 7
Su: 7
Ru: 5
Eq: 6
Coto
Talus – The ankle bone

Located on the dorso-medial side of ankle.

Trochlea tali – proximal part articulates with the cochlea of tibia

Collum tali – the intermediate neck part of the bone

Caput tali – distal part of the bone. It is flattened in equine
Coto
Calcaneus – The heel bone

Tuber calcanei – large process for the tendon of Achilles

Proc.coracoideus – small process at the cranial end of the bone

Sustentaculum tali – Distal well-developed part for supporting the talus laterally
Coto
OSSA METATARSI

Os metatarsalia 1th– 2nd – 3rd – 4th – 5th

Longer than the metacarpals. The transvers
sections are round shape

In car; 1,2,3,4,5

In Eq;

In Ru (metacarpal);
2,3,4
In Ru (metatarsal);

In Su;
3,4,5
2,3,4
2,3,4,5
Coto
Ossa digitorum pedis (Phalanges)

Digiti: Finger (toe) / Phalanx: Finger bone

Number of the finger bones in a foot.
Man:14 / Car:14 / Su:12 / Ru:6 / Eq:3
Coto
OSSA DIGITORUM PEDIS

Phalanx proximalis

Phalanx media

Phalanx distalis
Coto