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Download Spiny cocklebur - Stevens County
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Spiny cocklebur Aster Family Xanthium spinosum L. Key identifying traits Flowers are small, inconspicuous, and creamy green Plants grow up to 3’ tall 1” spines are found in leaf axils & at stem nodes Leaves are bright to dark green & hairy on the upper surface; mostly three-lobed with the center lobe much longer than the other two; up to 3” long with a prominent white mid-vain Fruits are oval burs up to 1/2” long with hooked spines & contain 2 seeds per bur Photo © 2003 Kurt Stueber Biology and ecology An annual reproducing by seed It is native to Chile but now widespread in Europe, Asia, North and South Africa, North and South America, and Australia The hooked spines of the fruit enable it to adhere to animals and be transported long distances The seeds and young cotyledon plants are toxic to livestock It grows in a wide variety of soil types and most frequently found in disturbed areas and barnyards but has also invaded pastures & fields Photo © 2006 OSU Control Prevention – Learn to identify plants; start monitoring early in the season; do not allow plants to produce seed Biological – There have been biological agents found in California, Texas and Kansas Cultural – Plant competitive grass or other cover crop Mechanical – Cultivation is effective on seedlings; mowing can also help if done before burs develop Chemical – Herbicides with dicamba, mecoprop, plus 2,4-D are said to control spiny cocklebur; the PNW Weed Management handbook does not have specific control recommendations for this plant John M Randall, The Nature Conservancy Where found – Not known to be in Stevens County at this time but has been found in almost every state in the U.S. Stevens County Noxious Weed Control Board, February 2007