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AP Biology Unit 2 Review Concepts
Be able to state the six kingdoms of life and know whether each kingdom is prokaryotic or eukaryotic,
autotrophs or heterotrophs, and multicellular or unicellular.
Be able to state whether the cells of each Kingdom contain a cell wall.
Be able to describe the structure of viruses and the reasons why it is not classified as a living organism.
Know the difference in cell structures for prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.
Know the functions and types of cells each organelle is a structure for.
Be able to label the structures of a plant, animal or bacteria cell and be able to state the function of each
structure.
Understand the relative size of the different types of cells and how that compares to the size of DNA and
organelles.
Be able to describe the endosymbiotic theory and the evidence that proves this theory.
Be able to state the different macromolecules that make up the plasma membrane (proteins, lipids,
carbohydrates) and their specific functions.
Be able to explain why the cell membrane is selectively permeable.
Be able to state what type of transport is needed to get certain molecules across the plasma membrane
(e.g. oxygen, glucose, ions, charged molecules, nonpolar molecules, etc.)
Be able to state whether a molecule needs a protein, energy or vesicles to cross the plasma membrane.
Understand the differences between passive transport, facilitated transport, active transport, endocytosis,
exocytosis and osmosis.
Be able to label the structures of the plasma membrane given a diagram.
Be able to accurately use the terms hydrophilic and hydrophobic while discussing structures of the
plasma membrane and the molecules that must pass through it.
Be able to describe why cells are most efficient when they are small. Explain in terms of the surface
area to volume ratio.
Be able to calculate the surface area and volume of a cell given sufficient data.
Be able to describe solutions as hypertonic, hypotonic or isotonic and explain what direction water will
move depending on the solution.
Be able to state the role of aquaporins for osmosis.
Be able to calculate water potential and be able to state the direction water will move based on this
value.
Any information covered in Unit 1 is fair game to use in the questions. Please make sure to be constantly
reviewing older units to keep fresh.