Download 9/9/08

Chapter 14:
The Nation Divided
Section 1: Growing Tensions over Slavery:
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popular sovereignty: people vote on slavery instead of government
deciding
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secede: to break away
what the southern states planned to do if the north got to
much power
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fugitive: a runaway slave
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Henry Clay: “the great compromiser”
He came up with the Missouri Compromise
He was trying to come up with a new compromise for California
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John C. Calhoun: southerner who is against compromise
he wanted slavery everywhere!
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Daniel Webster: wanted to preserve the Union
didn’t say whether he was pro-slavery or antislavery
Missouri Compromise - kept the number of slave states and free states EQUAL
- did not apply to land won from Mexican-American war
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as new territories were added on to the Union, the question became
“Would those new states be FREE states or SLAVE states?”
Wilmot Proviso – proposal that Congress should ban slavery in all territory that became a
part of the Union as a result of the Mexican-American War
* this NEVER became a law *
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people went to California as a result of the California Gold Rush
the south wanted California to be admitted as a SLAVE state
the north wanted California to be admitted as a FREE state
the south threatened to secede from the Union if California was admitted to the
Union as a FREE state
Section 2: Compromises Fail
Compromise of 1850
1. California admitted to Union as a free state
2. Fugitive Slave Law – Northerners were now responsible for catching and
returning runaway slaves
3. Slavery was banned in Washington, DC
4. Popular Sovereignty – used to decide whether slavery would be allowed in
territories won from Mexico
5. Settled border dispute between Texas and Mexico
Who got the better deal? Most likely the north as slavery was banned from Washington,
DC; and Fugitive Slave Law most likely not done---who would keep check on it??? This made
southerners mad!
1820 Missouri Compromise –
- line drawn between states
-
above line was FREE
below line was SLAVE
Exception: Missouri SLAVE state
Kansas-Nebraska Act – plan to form two territories where slavery was divided by
popular sovereignty.
- Stephen Douglas pushed this plan through the Senate
- Northerners went south to vote and southerners went north to vote. “Bleeding
Kansas”
- this also undid the Missouri Compromise
Uncle Tom’s Cabin – a book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe (1852)
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John Brown
book was about the cruelty of slavery
angered people in north (slaves/cruelty)
angered people in south (not all slave owners
were cruel) Propaganda- taking something
that may be true by stretching it
- an antislavery settler
- murdered proslavery men and boys
Section 3: The Crisis Deepens
Dred Scott - a slave who sued for his freedom and LOST
Dred Scott Decision
* Supreme Court said that African Americans were NOT citizens
* Living in a FREE territory DID NOT make enslaved person FREE
* Slaves were property
This decision meant Slavery was LEGAL in
ALL territories
John Brown’s Raid:
seized guns in Harpers Ferry, Virginia
wanted to revolt and free slaves
he was captured, then sentenced to death
*** increased tensions between the north and south***
Section 4: The Coming of the Civil War
Civil war: a war between opposing groups of citizens of the same country
Election of 1860
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Republicans chose Abraham Lincoln
Northern Democrats chose Stephen Douglas
Southern Democrats chose John Breckinridge
Lincoln won the election
After Lincoln was elected the south felt that they no longer had any say in the
government
South Carolina was 1st state to secede from the Union.
“The Confederate States of America “ was formed.
The seceding states took over: post offices, forts, and other federal property
within their borders
April 12, 1861 Confederate leaders captured Fort Sumter , this was the beginning
of the Civil War