Download 6-11 juulinil 2008 toimunud 10

6-11 juulinil 2008 toimunud 10. rahvusvaheline maaparandusalane Workshop (
konverents)
Ülemaailmse Vihmutuse ja maaparanduse Organisatsiooni (ICID) raames. Eesti (ESTCID) on
ülemaailmse organisatsiooni liige alates 2000 aastast. Kogu organisatsioon on jaotatud
erinevate töörühmade vahel Drenaazi töörühm otsustas korraldada oma ülemaailmse
töökoosoleku k.a Eestis ja Soomes Osavõtjaid on ca 150 inimest 25 maast
Kaugematest riikidest võib nimetada Austraalia, USA, Canada, Malaisia, Egiptus, Iran jt.
Osaleb ICID president Peter Lee
Soomes käsitleti 06-08 juulil järgmisi teemasid.
-Põllumajanduslik maakuivenduse ja keskkonna erinevused põllumajanduspoliitikas
(nitraatide kasutamine, rasked metallid)
-Tehnilised lahenduse kemikaalide väljauhtumisel mullast


Kuivenduse planeerimine rasketes muldades
Vihmutus ja maaparandussüsteemides kasutatava vee kvaliteet
-Põllumajanduslik veekasutus, meetodid ja tehnoloogiad
Eestis jätkus konverents 9 juulil,
käsitleti teemasid:
-Maaparandus, jõgede korrastamise keskkonnakaitse tehnoloogia kontekstis
-Äärmuslikud ilmastikuolud, kuivendus, üleujutuste ärahoidmine ja maakasutus
10 juulil Eestis ja 11.juulil Soomes toimusid väljasõidud maaparandusobjektidele.
This Proceedings includes papers and posters presented on 10th International Drainage
Workshop of the International Commision on Irrigation and Drainage ICID in July 2008 in
Finland and Estonia.
The topics of the workshop cover the water quality of agricultural drainage and the methods
to mitigate nutrient leaching. The challanges that extreme weather conditions pose to
agricultural drainage are also included in the topics. The workshop has six sessions including
the following themes:
- Agricultural drainage and environment in different farming policies
- Technical solutions to prevent leaching from agricultural drainage systems
- Agricultural water management, decision support methods and technology
- Drainage in the context of environmental river engineering
- Extreme weather conditions, drainage, flood management and land use
- Drainage, the driver of sustainable environments
The Proceedings will be available also in www.fincid.fi
Oral presentations
PDF
Session 1
Agricultural drainage and environment in different farming policies
» Keynote: Eiko Lübbe
Agricultural drainage and environment in different farming policies
» Eileen J. Kladivko
Nitrate-N loads to subsurface drains as affected by drainage intensity and agronomic
management practices
» Jeff S. Strock
Use of DRAINMOD-NII to predict nitrogen losses under conventional and organic farming
practices in Minnesota, USA
» Jennifer Roper
Influence of tillage on nitrate-nitrogen leaching in agricultural drainage water
» Ch. Merz
Trace metal behaviour in drained floodplains
» Irene Bondarik
Problems of long term use of drained lands: the case study of heavy soils of the central
part of Russia
» P. Kovalenko
Reconstruction and modernization of reclamation systems as a part of agricultural
reforms in Ukraine
» Henk Ritzema
The role of horizontal subsurface drainage in irrigated agriculture in the semi-arid and arid
regions
» Sami Myyrä
Farmers and land owners choices over drainage systems – profit maximisation and
environment
Session 2
Technical solutions to prevent leaching from agricultural drainage systems
» Keynote: Chandra Madramootoo
Reducing nutrient loads in agricultural land drainage systems
» Gary R. Sands
Drainage design to achieve both agronomic and environmental objectives
» Graig Schrader
Minnesota’s conservation drainage demonstration project
» Masoud Parsinejad
Subirrigation system to improve drainage water quality in Karaj of IRAN
» Ingrid Wesström
Long-term effects of tile drainage on soil physical properties and crop yields
» Jane Frankenberger
Drainage water management impacts on nitrate loss and crop yield in Indiana, USA
» Maija Paasonen-Kivekäs
Nutrient transport through tile drains on a clayey field
» Kami Kaboosi
The feasibility of rice husk application as envelope materials in subsurface drainage
systems
» H. Ebrahimian Taleshi
Environmental evaluation of subsurface drainage system in a coastal region of Iran
» Björn Kl¸ve
Hydrological and environmental impact of peatland drainage: Alternative methods for the
sustainable management
» Piotr Kowalik
Effect of wastewater irrigation and drainage on soil properties of sewage fi elds of Gdansk
(Poland)
» Jörg Steidl
Mitigation of pressures on water bodies by nutrient retention from agricultural
drainage effl uents using purifi cation ponds
Session 3
Agricultural water management, decision support methods and technology
» Keynote: Wayne Skaggs
Effect of controlled drainage on water and nitrogen balances in drained lands
» Lassi Warsta
Modeling the hydrological cycle of a clay soil dominated agricultural field
» Maurits Ertsen
“A pinch of salt or a pound of cure” - Modeling saliaty and drainage processes in the Rio
Dulce irrigation system
» Bärbel Tiemeyer
Measurements and modelling of water and solute fluxes in artificially drained lowland
catchments
Session 4
Drainage in the context of environmental river engineering
» Keynote: Seppo Rekolainen
European water legislation – how to assess actions to reach the objectives
» Pol Hakstege
Restoration of contaminated waterways in the Netherlands - a sediment perspective
» Jukka Jormola
Environmentally friendly drainage practices
Session 5
Extreme weather conditions, drainage, flood management and land use
» Keynote: Bart Schultz
Extreme weather conditions, drainage, flood management and land use
» Kittiwet Kuntiyawichai
Delineation of flood hazards and risk mapping in the Chi River Basin, Thailand
» Johannes Deelstra
Hydrological processes in small agricultural catchments
» Mikko Huokuna
Flood risk management and land use planning in changing climate conditions
Session 6
Closing session
» Keynote: Willem F. Vlotman
Drainage, the driver of sustainable environments
» Session chairpersons
Summary of the sessions
Poster presentations
PDF
1.2
» Alakukku, L., Nuutinen, V.
Saturated hydraulic conductivity and bioporosity of two arable clay soils in relation to
subdrain location
2.5
» Verdinejad V.R., Sohrabi T., Ebrahimian H., Liaghat A.M., Parsinejad M.
Effects of controlled drainage on environmental hazards (case study Ran drainage project)
2.7
» Markku Puustinen, Jari Koskiaho
Multipurpose wetlands for agricultural water protection – guidelines of wetland planning
and construction
2.8
» Ashraf El Sayed, M Fawzy and Hassan Amer
Towards Selection of Wastewater Treatment Techniques for Rural Areas of Egypt
2.9
» Pertti Vakkilainen, Laura Alakukku, Merja Myllys, Jyrki Nurminen, Maija Paasonen-Kivekäs, Markku Puustinen,
Rauno Peltomaa and Helena Äijö
Nutrient load from two drainage systems – a fieldscale research project on clay soil
3.1
» S. Akram, H.A. Kashkouli and M. Akram
Salinity and water table control in dry drainage
3.3
» Petra Kahle, Bärbel Tiemeyer, Bernd Lennartz
Requirements for representative measurements of water and solute fluxes in artificially
drained lowland catchments: Spatial and temporal aspects
3.4
» Jari Koskiaho, Sirkka Tattari and Ilona Bärlund
Prospects of Simulating Agricultural Management Practices in a Rural Catchment in
South-western Finland with SWAT
3.5
» Osvaldo Salazar, Ingrid Wesström, Mohamed A. Youssef, R. Wayne Skaggs, Abraham Joel
Evaluation of the DRAINMOD-N II model for predicting nitrogen losses in Southeast
Sweden
3.7
» Bärbel Tiemeyer, Bernd Lennartz, Roger Moussa
Modelling the hydrological behaviour and long-term nitrogen losses of artificially drained
lowland catchments
4.1
» Irina Herzon, Juha Helenius, Silvia Budaviciute, Tiina Hovi
Ditches for Life or Biological Importance of Drainage Ditches in Europe
5.1
» Iulian Mihnea
The efect cauzed by the rain precipitation registrated in the 2004 – 2007 period
» S. A. Kulkarni, C. B. Dandekar
Advancing Sub Surface Drainage Technology through Public-Private Partnership in India
Key Performance Indicators Environment
 Water quantity
 Water quality
 Environmental health
 Economic
 Economic viability and change in regional wealth
 Financial soundness
 Profit sharing
 Social & cultural
 Stakeholder involvement
 Safety issues
 Cultural acceptance
The members of Scientific Committee were:
Chairman
Pertti Vakkilainen, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland
Co-Chairman
Willem Vlotman, Chairman of ICID WG-DRG, Australia
Members
Bart Schultz, President Hon. of ICID, The Netherlands
Reinder Feddes, University of Wageningen, The Netherlands
Sami Bouarfa, CEMAGREF, France
Daniele de Wrachien, University of Milan, Italy
Chandra Madramootoo, McGill University, Canada
Wayne Skaggs, North Carolina State University, USA
Heydar Ali Kashkuli, University of Ahwaz, Iran
Felix Reinders, Agricultural Reseach Council, South Africa
Toomas Tamm, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Estonia
The Organising Committee helped with the practical arrangements. The members of this
group were:
Chairman
Pertti Vakkilainen, Chairman of FINCID
Co-Chairman
Mati Tönismäe, Chairman of ESTCID
Secretary
Rauno Peltomaa, FINCID
Technical Summary
The objectives of the agricultural drainage have been evolved over the
years and vary with the circumstances. The primary
objective is to make agricultural production possible and profitable.
Agricultural drainage can be seen as a part of integrated land and water
resources management, where environmental aspects
play an important role. The water quality is as important to farming as the public
opinion and sustainability of farm production. The topics of the workshop
focused on the water quality of agricultural drainage and the methods to mitigate
nutrient and phosphate leaching.
The effects of extreme weather conditions on agricultural drainage were also
included in the topics. Finally, drainage was placed in the context of the
environment, economic and social/cultural aspects and suggestions were made
on how to proceed with key performance
indicators for sustainable integrated water management, where drainage is a
driver of this sustainability.
Research Results
Very interesting field-scale data was presented including conflicting results.
What is good for nitrogen (N) reduction is not for phosphorus (P) reduction.
Multiple solutions were presented. Field research
on drain spacing and depth, rice husk envelopes, trace elements, bio diversity in
re-shaped drains (brook, stream, river), and formulation of Manning’s ‘n’ for
natural streams were some of the interesting topics presented followed by lively
discussions. One of the main challenges
for the drainage community is to translate the ‘research results’ as presented in
the workshop into ‘design guidelines’. We need to make sure that we also reach
the planners and designers of drainage
systems and get them involved early. It was suggested that there is a role for the
organisers (American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers,
ASABE) of the 9th International Drainage
Symposium, to be held in Canada in June 2010, to translate the field results into
design guidelines. There were fresh and frank presentations
and discussions on some of the past results with controlled drainage. The effects
of field size on results was analysed, presented and discussed. Some explanation
as regards the movement of water and constituents such as Nitrates and
Phosphorous, if they did not discharge from the controlled drainage system, was
provided. The hypoxia problem (green algae effect) in the Gulf of Mexico as a
result of water discharge from the Mississippi cannot be solved by controlled
drainage alone but requires a ran pelletsge of concurrent measures such as
winter cover crop, catch cropping, and buffer zones. More attention needs to be
paid to describe the context of the drainage work with respect to current
guidelines (those of the US Environmental Protection Agency or the EU Water
Framework Directive) i.e. are the results indicating excellent, good or bad
conditions?
Key Highlights
Silver pellets: As mentioned before, it is not necessary to have a single
solution to a problem, and Prof. Wayne Skaggs gave a model to remember this:
there is no silver bullet that will solve all our problems in a unique
fashion; rather we need to think in terms of many silver pellets. Solving
leaching of N and P through water management is but one of the solutions,
whereas farm, crop and land
use management were shown to be effective measures too; many silver rather
than one silver bullet. Transfer of knowledge: Another silver pellet presented
was the potential of applying the methods that resulted in longterm reductions in
N and P in the Rhine basin to the hypoxia problem in the Gulf of Mexico. It was
encouraging to see that
the extension service in the US is very much alive and that private industry is
taking an interest in becoming drainage ambassadors {see the Agricultural
Drainage Management Coalition (ADMC), www.admcoalition.com}. It was also
noted that solutions may be explored with other organisations outside the ICID
such as the
UN Water Portal, GWP, etc. We need more results to be presented as a follow
up of implementation of the EU WFD, so that we can compare and possibly
apply those results in other basins outside the
EU. The IDW10 achieved what was expected: networking of professional from
across the world.
Innovations: There were several silver pellets that can be classified as
innovations: new methods of flow measurement in pipes, a bio filter placed in
subsurface drains, classifying flow resistance in natural streams, and a different
type like - use hurricane Katrina’s experience to emphasize that a billion dollar
of investment will safeguard 100’s of billions of dollars in damage prevention.
Hence, if we classify the
potential damage in areas and link this to the investment in research needs and
propose preventative measures, we may find a more willing ear at political
levels to spend money on improved drainage
water management.
Acknowledgements
The workshop was very well organized and both the national committees
(FINCID and ESTCID) deserve heartfelt congratulations.
It was a great honour to have the renowned keynote speakers viz., Pres. Hon.
Prof. Bart Schultz (The Netherlands), Vice Pres.
Dr.-Ing -Eiko Lübbe (Germany), Vice Pres. Hon. Prof. Chandra Madramootoo
(Canada), Prof. Wayne Skaggs (USA),
Dr. Seppo Rekolainen (Finland), and Dr. Willem F Vlotman
(Australia), besides the participation of Vice Pres. Prof. P Kovalenko (Ukraine)
and Vice Pres. Hon. Dr. M H Amer (Egypt).
The organisers wish to thank the keynote speakers, the authors of the papers and
posters, the Scientific Committee for reviewing the papers, and all the
participants and organizations who made
the workshop a grand success. The workshop proceedings are available at
<http://www.fincid.fi/julkaisut/ IDW2008_proceedings.pdf>. Rauno Peltomaa
can be contacted at:
<[email protected]>.