Download Endocrine Color Sheet Questions

The Endocrine System Coloring Activities
Question Sheet
Assignment: Read the overview on the Coloring Activity and color when instructed to do
so. Then answer the questions below.
1. The endocrine glands are__ductless_glands that secrete _hormones_ directly into body
fluids. The job of hormones is to help the body maintain _homeostasis_also known as
biological balance with the internal and external environments.
2. Hormones regulate _chemical_reaction rates, water balance, the transport of substances
through_membranes_and function in the processes of __growth_ & __development_.
3. Neurons of the_hypothalamus_are connected to the _pituitary gland_ by means of a
narrow stalk or infandibulum. These neurons make and secrete hormones stored in the
posterior pituitary gland. The _hypothalamus_ also releases hormones that stimulate the
secretion of hormones in the anterior pituitary gland.
4. The pineal gland secretes_melatonin_. The activity of this hormone appears to be
regulated by varying light conditions outside the body and has been implicated in circadian
rhythms. Refer to p. 295 in your text and define a circadian rhythm. ___patterns of repeated
activity associated with the environmental cycles of day and night, eg: sleep cycle__.
5. Located inferior to the larynx, anterior to and wrapping around the sides of the trachea is
the_thyroid_ gland. This gland produces three hormones (p.286-87 in your text)
_thyroxine__, __calcitonin_ & triiodothyronine. Triiodothyronine & _thyroxine_increase
the rate of energy released from carbohydrates, increase the rate of protein synthesis,
accelerate growth and stimulate the nervous system. _Calcitonin_
lowers calcium & phosphate ion concentrations in the blood by inhibiting their release from
the bones and increases their excretion by the_kidneys_.
6. The 4_parathyroid_glands located on the posterior (dorsal) side of the thyroid gland
produce the hormone_parathyroid hormone__or PTH (p.288 in text). It inhibits the activity
of _osteoblasts_(bone builders) and stimulates osteoclasts to absorb bone calcium,
increasing the_calcium_levels in the blood. This hormone also stimulates the absorption of
calcium from food in the small__intestine_, increasing blood calcium.
7. The_thymus_gland sits behind the sternum. It produces hormones called _thymosins_
(See p. 365 in text) which stimulate the maturation of __lymphocytes_after they leave the
thymus. The thymus__shrinks_as human’s age.
8. The_pancreas_ is largely a digestive organ producing a variety of digestive enzymes. It
also produces two hormones__insulin_&__glucagon_. Glucagon stimulates the liver to
breakdown_glycogen_and certain amino acids, producing _glucose_.
This results in_increased_ blood sugar levels. (see p.294 in text).
9. The second hormone released by the pancreas is _insulin_which stimulates the liver to
make glycogen from glucose and inhibits the conversion of noncarbohydrates into
_glucose_.
10. Insulin also promotes the facilitated _diffusion_ of glucose and amino acids into
_cardiac_ & _skeletal_muscle as well as adipose tissue. It also _increases_ protein
synthesis in cells and promotes the storage of__fat_in adipose tissue.
11. The__adrenal_glands sit atop the kidneys. They are divided into the adrenal _cortex_ &
the _medulla_.(see p. 289 of text). The cells of the adrenal medulla produce
__epinephrine_&_norepinephrine_. Both hormones increase _heart_ & _breathing_rates,
increase the force of heart contractions, raise blood__glucose _levels and elevate
__blood_pressure while decreasing _digestive_activity.
12. Cells of the adrenal__cortex_, which is superficial to the adrenal medulla, produces two
steroid hormones. Aldosterone causes the kidney to conserve_sodium (Na+)_ions and
excrete__potassium (K+) ions. This stimulates__water__retention, maintaining
blood__volume_ & __pressure_. A second steroid hormone, __cortisol_, influences the
metabolism of_glucose_, _protein_, & __fat_.
13. The kidney produces__erythropoietin_&__renin_, two hormones that regulate water
balance in the body.
14. _Testosterone_is produced by the testes and regulates_sperm_production and
secondary__male_characteristics.
15. Estrogens are produced in the_ovaries_. They support the _maturation_ & _growth_of
the eggs and reproductive structures.