Download Unit 10 The Human Body - Jamestown Public Schools

Mrs. Melquist
Guided Notes
Unit 10 The Human Body
Ch. 38 Digestive & Excretory Systems
Food & Energy
- The _________ available in _______ can be _______________ by ______________ the
______
- When ________ is _______________, the _________ content of the _________ is
converted to _________, which is ________________ in _____________
- The average ____________ needed for a __________________ is _________ Calories
per _____
Nutrients
- The ______________ that the ________ needs are __________, carbohydrates,
_______, proteins, ______________, & minerals
- Every ______ in the ________ needs _________ because many body ______________,
including ____________ reactions, take place in ________
- Carbohydrates – main source of __________ for the ________
o _________ & _________ are main source of _______
o _____________ are broken down by _______________ system into simple
___________ & carried to ________ through _________
o _________ not immediately used for __________ are converted into ___________
carbs & ___________ in the _________ & in ________________ muscles
- Fats – lipids – important to the _______ to produce ____ membranes, _____________
sheath, & certain ______________
- Proteins – supply _____ materials for __________ & _________ of structures like
_______ & ____________
o Also have ______________ &
______________ functions
- Vitamins - _________ molecules that
help regulate _________ processes,
often _____________ with
______________
-
Minerals - _________________
nutrients the ________ needs
o Includes: _____________,
iron, & ______________
Nutrition & a Balanced Diet
- The _________ Guide ______________ classifies _______ into __ groups & indicates how
many ______________ from each __________ should be __________ every _____
The Process of Digestion
- The _____________ system
includes: the ___________,
pharynx, _______________,
stomach, small
_________________, & large
_________________
- Several major
_______________ structures,
including the ____________
glands, the ____________, &
the _________, add
_________________ to the
______________ system
The Mouth
- The _____________ of the _____________ system is to help convert ________ into
simpler ________________ that can be ______________ & ________ by the ________
of the ________
- _________ cut & grind the _________, while the ______________ glands secrete
__________, which helps to ______________ the _________ & make it _____________
to ________
- Amylase - _____________ found in ___________, that breaks the _____________ bonds
in ______________ & releases _____________
The Esophagus
- Esophagus - ________ tube, connects to the ____________
- _________ travels through ______________ by process of _________________ contractions of the _________ muscle _____________ in the ________________
The Stomach
- Stomach – large ________________ sac, continues the ________________ &
____________ digestion of _________
The Small Intestine
- Small intestine – where almost all of the digestive _____________ enter the
_____________
o Most chemical _____________ & _______________ of _________ occurs in the
________ intestine
Accessory Structures of Digestion
- Pancreas - _________ that serves __ important functions:
o 1. Produce _____________ that regulate ________ sugar levels
o 2. Produces _______________ that break down ________, proteins, _________, &
nucleic ________
o 3. Produces sodium _________________, a _______ that _______________
stomach _______ so ______________ can be effective
- Liver – large __________ just above & to the _________ of the _____________
o Produce _______, a
_________ loaded with
__________ &
_________
o It acts like
_____________,
dissolving &
________________ the
droplets of _____ found
in __________ foods
o ______ is stored in the
________________
The Large Intestine
- Large intestine – primary ______________ is to remove ___________ from
_________________ material that is _______
Digestive System Disorders
- Peptic ulcer – when powerful ________ released into the _____________ damage the
__________ own _____________, producing a _______ in the ______
- ____________ occurs when not enough _________ is ______________
- ________________ occurs when too much _________ is ______________
The Excretory System
- The ____________ play an ________________ role in maintaining ________________
- They remove _________ products from the ________; maintain blood ____; & regulate the
________ content of the ________ &, therefore, blood ____________
The Kidneys
- Kidneys – located on either side of the __________ column near the lower _______
- Ureter - _________ that leaves each ___________, carrying _________ to the
____________ bladder
- Urinary bladder – saclike _______ where ________ is stored before being ____________
Kidney Structure
- Nephron – the ______________ units
of the ___________
- As _________ enters a
_____________ through the
______________, _____________
are filtered out & ____________ into
the ___________ duct
- The purified ________ exits the
____________ through the
___________
Filtration
- Filtration – passing a _________ or ______ through a ___________
- Glomerulus – where the _____________ of _________ takes place
Reabsorption
- Reabsorption – process where _________ is taken back into a ___________
- ___________ that remains, called __________, is ___________ into a collecting _______
- _________ contains _________, excess ________, & _________
- __________ is stored in the _____________ bladder until released from the ________
through the ___________
Kidney Stones
- Sometimes, ___________, magnesium, or _______ acid _________ in the ___________,
crystallize & form kidney ___________