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AP U.S. History: Unit 3 Reading Journal (Chapter 14)
Directions: You will be responsible for keeping a reading journal for every chapter that we read for the entire school year. You will do this by taking notes from the
American History readings that will go towards answering each of the following questions. The questions are broken up by the sub-headings of each chapter. You
should have at least 1 bullet point or sentence for each paragraph in the text under the subheading. The bullet point should summarize the information from the text
in your own words, and should only contain information that helps in answering the question.
Chapter 14: The Civil War
1 – The Secession Crisis
a) The Withdrawal of the South:
On what constitutional interpretation was the concept of secession based?
Which states were the first to secede, and what was the reaction of the United States Government to
this?
b) The Failure of Compromise: What
compromises were proposed to bring these states back into the Union, and
why did they fail?
c)
Fort Sumter: What
was Abraham Lincoln’s opinion on the legality of secession, and how was that opinion
reflected in his action concerning Fort Sumter
d) The Opposing Sides: What
advantages did the Union have in the Civil War? What were the advantages of
the confederacy?
2 – The Mobilization of the North
a) Economic Measures: How did
the Republican Party act to expand the American economy during the war,
how did the Union look to finance the war, how successful was this plan, and what effect did it have on
the economy
b) Raising the Union Armies: How
did the Union propose to raise troops, to what extent did they need to use
conscription, and what was the reaction to this, and why was it so varied?
c)
Wartime Policies: What
characteristics did Lincoln show as a leader, how were these characteristics
reflected in his cabinet choices? How did Lincoln View Presidential War Powers, how did Lincoln use
these powers against the critics of the war, and what was the outcome?
d) The Politics of Emancipation What
factors brought about the emancipation proclamation, why did Lincoln
release it, what did it really accomplish, and when did full emancipation come?
e)
African Americans and the Union Cause What
f)
The War and Economic Development: What
role did African Americans play in support of the union cause?
impact did the Civil War have on the northern industrial
economy?
g) Women, nursing, and the War: What impact did the Civil War have on women in the North? What part did women play ion
the war effort?
3 – The Mobilization of the South
a) The confederate Government: Explain
the origins of the Confederate government. How did its constitution
differ from that of the United States, who were chosen as its leaders and what problems did they face?
b) Money and Manpower How
did the confederacy plan to raise money and troops for the war, and how
successful were they in these efforts?
c)
States’ Rights versus Centralization Why was
states rights the “great dividing force” in the confederacy’s war
effort, what caused the division, and what effect did it have?
d) Economic and Social Effects of the War: How did
the Civil War transform Southern economics, society, the
lives of women, and the lives of slaves?
4 – Strategy and Diplomacy
a)
The Commanders: Compare and contrast Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis- their backgrounds, abilities, and
objectives. Why was Lincoln more successful at organizing a command system than Davis?
b)
The Role of Sea Power: What role did Lincoln propose for the United States Navy? How did the confederacy
attempt to overcome this naval advantage, and what was the result?
c)
Europe and the Disunited States: What were the foreign policy objectives of the Union and the Confederacy? How
did each attempt to achieve these objectives, which was most successful, and why?
d)
The American West and the War: How did the West play a continuing political, diplomatic, and military part in the
conflict?
5 – The Course of Battle
a)
The Technology of Battle: How did the advances in the effectiveness of arms and artillery change the way soldiers
in the field fought?
b)
The Opening Clashes, 1861: What major engagements were fought in 1861? What did they reveal about the
possibility of an early end to the struggle and about the readiness of the two sides for a major conflict?
c)
The Western Theater: What was the union plan for conquest of the West, how did the confederates propose to defend
the area, and which of the two armies came closer to achieving their objectives?
d)
The Virginia Front,1862: What was the Union plan on the Virginia front in 1862? Who were the major generals
involved on both sides, and what was the relative strengths of both armies?
e)
1863: Year of Decision: Why was 1863 the “Year of Decision”? What took place that swung the advantage to the
Union, and why were the battles of this year so important?
f)
The Last Stage, 1864-1865: How was the confederacy finally defeated? In what ways did the Union forces destroy
the South’s will to carry on the fight.