Download Factors Affecting Deformation

Chapter 11 Presentation Notes
Factors Affecting Deformation
 Factors that influence the strength of a rock and how it will deform
include _________________, __________________, _________, and ____.
• __________________ is a general term that refers to all changes in
the original shape and/or size of a rock body.
- _______________ deformation occurs along plate margins.
• ______________________ is the force per unit area acting on a solid.
• __________ is the change in shape or volume of a body of rock as a
result of stress.
 ______________________________
• Rocks deform permanently in two ways: ____________________ and
__________________________.
- Brittle deformation is the __________________ of an object once
its strength is eceeded.
- Ductile deformation is a type of solid state flow that produces a
______________________ of an object without fracturing the object.
 Rock Type
• ____________________________ of a rock also greatly affect how it
will deform.
 Time
• Forces that are unable to deform rock when first applied __________
______________if the force is maintained over a ________________.
Types of Stress
 The three types of stresses that rocks commonly undergo are __________
stress, _________________ stress, and ______________ stress.
Folds
 Anticlines
• _____________ are most commonly formed by the ________, or
______________, of rock layers.
 Synclines
• _______________ are __________________ in sedimentary strata.
1
Chapter 11 Presentation Notes
• Synclines are often found in association with anticlines.
 Monoclines
• _________________ are ________________________ in otherwise
horizontal sedimentary strata.
Faults
 ___________________
• __________________ occur when the hanging wall block moves
down relative to the footwall block.
 Reverse Faults and Thrust Faults
• ______________ are faults in which the hanging wall block moves up
relative to the footwall block.
• _______________________ are reverse faults with dips less than 45o.
 Strike-Slip Fault
• ________________________ are faults in which the movement is
horizontal and parallel to the trend, or strike, of the fault surface.
 Joints
• _____________ are fractures along which no appreciable movement
has occurred.
2