Download APES Midterm REVIEW - Cathy Wilkins` Biology Pages

APES Midterm REVIEW
Content Chatpters 1-10,12, 13, 17 &20
UNIT 1. Understanding Our Environment Chapters 1,2,3,7 &8
A. Chapter 1- Core Case study, exponential growth, China’s consumers,
Chattanooga Tenn,Aldo Leopold
Environmental History of the World
Aesthetics
Introduction to Environmental Problems
Antropocentric
*Population Explosion
Anthropogenic
*Deforestation
Appropriate technology
*Pollution
Conservation
*Global Warming
Hypothesis
Environmental Decisions
Intrinsic (Inherent) value
*Environmental Ethics and Philosophy
Paradigm
*Aesthetics vs. Economics
Preservation
*Cultural Influences and Considerations
NIMBY (not in my backyard)
**Story of Easter Island
Scientific Method
Key Vocabulary
Essential Questions
What are the main problems facing our environment today?
What are some of the hot local environmental issues today?
What are some of the current national/international environmental issues?
How have anthropogenic actions affected our ecosystems in America?
Tragedy of the commons
Environmental news article summaries
Food Chains
Resources
Home the movie
Hippocampus.org
Habitable Planet online Textbook
Miller Textbook and APES Resource Review
B. Matter, Energy and Life- Ecosystems & How they work
Chapter 1 - 3- know how to carry out a controlled experiment, Easter Island,
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, Tropical Rainforest and Sustainablility
Energy Flow
Essential Questions
*First/Second Law of Thermodynamics
What physical laws govern ecosystem
*Photosynthesis
dynamics?
*Trophic Levels
How do you make a food chain and food
**Food Chain
web for organisms in the regional
**Food Web
ecosystems in our area?
Nutrient Cycles
What are the steps to the carbon,
*Carbon Cycle
nitrogen and phosphorus cycles?
*Nitrogen Cycle
*Phosphorus Cycle
Key Vocabulary
Abiotic
Ammonification
Assimilation
Autotroph
Balanced herbivory
Biomass
Biotic
Carnivore
Conservation of Matter
Know BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
Pages 66-72
Consumers
Decomposers
Detritus
First& Second law of thermodynamics
Food chain
Food web
Gaia
Herbivore
Heterotroph
Kinetic energy
Legumes
Methane
Microbe
Nitrification
Nitrogen fixation
Nutrient cycle
Omnivore
Organic phosphate
Phosphate
Potential Energy
Primary consumer
Secondary consumer
Trophic level
Range of tolerance
Aerobic, anaerobic
GPP gross primary productivity
NPP, net primary productivity
Limiting factor
B. BIOMES- Climate,Terrestrial & Aquatic Biodiveristy
Chapter 7 & 8 case studies Blowing
Ecological and Terrestrial Biomes
weather & climate
Watershed
*Deserts
*Grasslands
*Temperate Deciduous Forest
*Tropical Rain Forest
*Taiga
*Tundra
Aquatic Ecosystems
*Lakes and Ponds
*Streams and Rivers
Surface runoff,
in the wind & coral reef sustainablity
Oligotrophic
Eutrophic, hypertrophic
Mesotrophic
Cultural eutrophication
*Inland Wetlands
Marine Ecosystems (know images)
*Coastal
*Estuaries
*Open Ocean
greenhouse effect
Permafrost
rainshadow
Essential Questions
What are the characteristics of the major biomes of the Earth?
What are two major factors that influence type of vegetation?
Does diversity increase or decrease as you move from the equator?
What are the ways to protect, repair and manage ecological hot spots?
Key Vocabulary
Benthic plant
Biome
Ecosystem
Epiphytes
Estuary
Habitat
Permafrost
Quadrant Sampling method
Mitigate
Remediation
Restoration Ecology
Savanna
Taiga
Unit 2. Biodiversity, Evolution, Species Interactions
A. Chapter 4 & 5- American Alligator, Why Protect Sharks, Sea Otter,
Evolution, speciation
*Tolerance Limits and Species
Abundance
*Natural Selection and Adaptations
*Niche Specialization
Species Interactions
*Predation
*Keystone Species
*Competition
*Symbiosis
**Mutualism
**Commensalism
**Parasitism
*Defensive Mechanisms
Population dynamics pg 109 image
Carrying capacity,
Limiting factor
Biotic potential
Intrinsic potential
Boom and bust cycles. 113
Ecological Succession
*Primary Succession
*Secondary Succession
*Aquatic Succession
Geologic Time Scale
Plate Tectonics Pg 345-349
Ppt History of the world
*Volcanism
*Earthquakes
Erosion
Plate tectonics
Subduction
Tectonic plates
Weathering
Succession of the North Woods
Glaciation
Essential Questions
What causes changes in ecosystems?
What are the various stages of ecological succession in our area?
What are the main types of species interactions?
What is the relationship between physiological adaptations and evolutionary success?
What limits species abundance?
KNOW the case studies of the hare & lynx, Exploding white-tailed deer (114)
Skills
Constructing and analyzing graphs.
Be able to utilize the transect sampling method.
Identify the ecological succession occurring in fields and woods.
Be able to set up an experimental ecosystem and understand what abiotic or biotic
conditions affect organisms. EcoColumn
Quadrat sampling
Calculate a diversity index (Coral Reef lab)
Key Vocabulary
Abundance
Adaptation
Climax community
Commensalism
Competitive exclusion principle
Diversity
Control
Ecological succession
Evolution
Gross Primary Production
Habitat
Keystone species
Law of limiting factors
Limiting factor
Mutualism
Natural selection
Statistics and Hypothesis Testing
Modeling with M&M's
Niche
Net primary production
Optimal Range
Plant community
Predator-prey relationship
Producers
Primary productivity
Primary succession
Range of Tolerance
Resilience
Resource partitioning
Secondary succession
Tolerance limits
Transect sampling method
Variable
B. Biodiversity, and Nature Preservation-Sustaining biodiversity
Chapters 9& 10 case studies Chapter 9 Know each and every one
Polar bear, bees, kudzu vine, california condor....EXP pg 202 DDT
Ch10 case of reintroducing gray wolf into yellowstone
Genetic Diversity
*Hot Spots of the World
*Endangered and Extinct Species
Loss of Biodiversity
*Habitat Destruction
*Habitat Fragmentation
*Exotic Species
*Successful Comebacks
*Wetlands
**Development Pressures
**Flood Control
Biotic potential
Carrying capacity
Density-dependent factor
Density-independent factor
Exponential increase
Environmental resistance
K strategist
Population
Population density
R strategist
Key Vocabulary
HIPPCO
Biodiversity
Clearcutting
Common pool resources
Corridors
Deforestation
Ecotourism
Endangered species
Exotic species
mass & background Extinction
Fragmentation
Island Biogeography
Overgrazing
Threatened species
Wetlands
Intrinsic value
Ch10
Old growth forest
Tree plantation
Deforestation
Fires
Rangelands
Over grazing
Biological hotspot, reconciliation
ecology
Essential Questions
How do the mass extinctions in the pass differ from the rate of biodiversity loss
experienced today?
What are the major challenges to preserving the biodiversity on the planet?
How has land use changed throughout human history?
What are some threats to our national parks?
What are some of the negative results of deforestation?
Why are wetlands so valuable as a resource?
UNIT 3. Water Resources and Pollution- October
A. Chapters 8,13 & 20 Chapter 8 was learning all about watershed, and water resources
Chapter 13 Water Use and Conflicts
Content Water loss drop by drop
Water Resources
*Water Cycle
*Water Storage
Water Availability and Use
*Fresh Water Quantities
*Distribution of Water Resources
*Utilization Patterns
Water Shortages
*Groundwater Depletion
*River Water Legal Battles
Methods of Increasing/Preserving Water
Supply
*Desalination
*Recycling
*Conservation
Key Vocabulary
Aquifer
Cone of depression
Desalinization
Gray water
Groundwater remediation
Hard water
Nonconsumptive water use
Potable water
Ground water
Zone of saturation
Runoff, surface water
Drought
Dams & reservoirs
Flood plain
Seep
Soft water
Storm water
Surface water
Turbidity
Water table
Watershed
Chapter 20 Water PollutionB. Case study, lake Washington and treating sewage by working with nature.
Types and Effects of Water Pollution
*Oil Spills
*Inorganic Chemical
*Thermal
*Agricultural Waste and Human Sewage
Monitoring Water Quality
**Cultural Eutrophication
*Chemical Tests
**Red Tide
*Aquatic Species Monitoring
**Pathogenic Organisms and Human
Water Pollution Control
Health
*Sewage Treatment
*Water Remediation
*Water Legislation
Essential Questions
What are the ways that water pollution affects organisms?
What is the relationship between BOD and DO?
How do the EPA water quality standards compare with water quality of New Paltz
streams?
What are the ways we can reduce water pollution?
What is the flow chart and operations of a sewage treatment plant?
What is the comparison of nitrogen, phosphorus, dissolved suspended solids, BOD and
toxic substances before and after sewage treatment?
Key Vocabulary
Activated sludge
Algae
Algae bloom
Biological nutrient removal
Biosolids
BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand)
Chlorination
Coliform bacteria
Cooling tower
Cultural eutrophication
DO (Dissolved oxygen)
Eutrophic
Eutrophication
Fecal coliform test
Grit chamber
Heavy metal
Hypoxia
Indicator organisms
Indicator species
Natural biological control
Non-point source
Oligotrophic
PCB (polycholorinated biphenyls)
Point source
Primary treatment
Saltwater intrusion
Secondary treatment
Septic System
Thermal pollution
Treated sludge
Trickling filter system
Labs
Water Quality Testing for Monitoring Stream Health- Field Site Studies( Ecocolumn)
Biotic- aquatic larvae
Abiotic- Dissolved Oxygen, pH, Nitrates, Alkalinity, hardness, CO2 Thermal Pollution
on Yeast populations
Water loss Drop by Drop
Why is the Water Green- experimental eutrophication
Field Trip Sewage Treatment plant
BOD and Wastewater Treatment Lab
The effects of Biodegradable Waste on DO
UNIT 4. Human Population Food, Agriculture and Pest Management
Chapters 6, 12, 17
How do humans as a species follow the same patterns as animal species above?
Global population: 6.5 billion, increasing by 78 million per year, 2.5 per second
Total Fertility Rate (TFR), know approximate rates for developing and developed
countries, as well as replacement rate.
Why is population a problem even though the growth rate has decreased since 1960?
Doubling rule: 70 divided by % growth rate = # of years it will take to double the
population
IPAT(S) model: we talked about this at the beginning of the semester, review it!
Demographic transition model: be able to explain the diagram. Why might some
developing countries today not complete it? (Hint: this might be a good essay
question!)
Role of HIV/AIDS on populations.
Methods of population control: Contrast methods of China and Bangladesh
Role of economic empowerment and education in population growth rates
Vocabulary
age structure
transition
birth rate, or
crude birth
rate
family
planning
cultural
carrying
capacity
fertility rate
infant
mortality
rate
death rate,
or crude
death rate
life
expectancy
demographic
migration
population
change
replacementlevel fertility
rate
total fertility
rate (TFR)
Summary
1.
Birth, death, fertility, and migration rates are the factors that determine population size. As birth rates
have declined in developed countries, population has increased due to people’s migrating into these
countries. Women’s fertility rates have dropped but are still above the replacement-level fertility
around the world.
2.
Population size is profoundly affected by age structure. If women are past their primary child-bearing
ages, population increase will be limited. If, however, the population has a large percentage of young
women entering their childbearing years, the potential for large population increases is present. In
general, the closer a country’s young women are to 15–40 years of age, the more potential for a
rapidly increasing population.
3.
We can influence population size by encouraging smaller families, by encouraging adoption of
children already born and discouraging new births. Population size is, also, affected by health care or
its lack; by epidemics (such as AIDS); by losses through war, etc. Lack of prenatal care for expectant
mothers, failure to protect children from communicable diseases (like measles) or wide-spread
diseases (like malaria), can contribute to a smaller population. In the past economic development,
family planning, and economic opportunities for women have reduced birth rates.
4.
India and China have both made efforts to control their population growth. China has been more
successful because, as a dictatorship, it has imposed restrictions on family size with rewards and
punishments for those who support or defy the government’s direction. India, without a policy of
coercion, has reduced its birth rate; but the wish for male children and several children for the care of
old parents has helped to maintain a growing population.
5.
Effective methods for slowing the growth of world population include investing in family planning,
reducing poverty, and elevating the status of women.
Study Chapter 6,12,17
CH 6 Know how to do population problems, percent change, show increase or decrease.
Be able to discuss population growth in first and 3rd world countries
What are several reasons why CBR might drop in a country
Look at graphs and explain trends
Understand how to read Population profiles
Ch 17 List and describe 3 biological, physical and chemical hazards
Discuss case for each, source of problem, problem itself and solutions
Be able to answer questions on LD 50 lab, Note table on page 456
Read cases on page 443(antibiotics), 450 (mercury),Bisphenol A, Image page458, case
page 467 Data Analysis- assigned for HW
CH12. Discuss benefits and problems with industrial agriculture, CFO's, GMO's
Consider soils, fertilizer, energy, health, pollution, biodiversity, water shortage
Know what 3 grains supply world food,
Discuss alternatives to Industrial agriculture and plantation farming
Know how to make a graph using uniform data points
Time on the x axis and equal increments on the Y axis
Label the axis and
Then analyze the results.