Download Special histology and embryology

Module 2. Special histology and embryology
Text test questions
1. Central nervous system consists of:
A. Neuroglial cells.
B. Myelinated fibers.
C. Unmyelinated and thin myelinated fibers.
D. Nerve processes.
E. *Brain and spinal cord.
2. Type of neurons shape in the spinal cord:
A. Corn-cells.
B. Horizontal cells.
C. Basket cells.
D. Golgi cells.
E. *Stellate cells.
3. Perineurium surrounds:
A. Nerve.
B. Nerve fiber.
C. Axons.
D. Dendrites.
E. *Group of bandles.
4. Main components of peripheral nerve:
A. Nerve endings.
B. Glial cells.
C. Myelin sheath.
D. Nerve plexuses.
E. *Nerve fibers.
5. Outermost tunic of peripheral nerve.
A. Perichondrium.
B. Endoneurium.
C. Perineurium.
D. Periosteum.
E. *Epineuriun.
6. Endoneurium surrounds:
A. Bandle of nerve fibers.
B. Axon.
C. Dendrite.
D. Nerve.
E. *One nerve fiber.
7. Pia mater consists of:
A. Ependyma.
B. Dense connective tissue.
C. Vessels.
D. Adventitia.
E. *Loose connective tissue.
8. Classification of nervous system:
A. Autonomic and sympathetic.
B. Somatic and autonomic.
C. Peripheral and autonomic.
D. Sympathetic and parasympathetic.
E. *Central and peripheral, somatic and autonomic.
9. Arachnoidea consists of:
A. Ependyma.
B. Dense connective tissue.
C. Vessels.
D. Adventitia.
E. *Loose connective tissue.
10. Epineurium surrounds:
A. Bandle of nerve fibers.
B. Nerve fiber.
C. Axon.
D. Dendrite.
E. *Nerve.
11. Functional type of the simple somatic reflex arc second neuron:
A. Sensory.
B. Associative.
C. Activating.
D. Inhibiting.
E. *Motor.
12. Which structures are present in central nerve system?
A. Black matter.
B. Epineuriun.
C. Connective tissue.
D. Reticular formation.
E. *White and gray matter.
13. Location of the dorsal root ganglion:
A. Skin.
B. Spinal nerve.
C. Ventral root of spinal cord.
D. Vessels.
E. *Dorsal root of spinal cord.
14. Gray matter of spinal cord mainly consists of:
A. Bipolar neurons.
B. Pseudounipolar neurons.
C. Myelinated fibers.
D. Neuroglial cells.
E. *Multipolar neurons.
15. What does endoneurium surround?
A. Nerve outside.
B. One nerve fiber.
C. Axons.
D. Dendrites.
E. *Few fascicles of nerve fibers
16. Pia mater of the spinal cord consists of:
A. Ependymal cells.
B. Dense connective tissue.
C. Vessels.
D. Adventitia.
E. *Loose connective tissue.
17. Dura mater of the spinal cord consists of:
A. Ependymal cells.
B. Loose connective tissue.
C. Vessels.
D. Adventitia.
E. *Dense connective tissue.
18. Arachnoidea of the spinal cord consists of:
A. Ependymal cells.
B. Dense connective tissue.
C. Vessels.
D. Adventitia.
E. *Loose connective tissue.
19. Type of nerve cells in dorsal root ganglia?
A. Apolar.
B. Unipolar.
C. Bipolar.
D. Multipolar.
E. *Pseudounipolar.
20. What is middle meningea spinal cord?
A. Pia mater.
B. Dura mater.
C. Ependyma.
D. Mesothelium.
E. *Arachnoidea.
21. What is outermost meningea spinal cord?
A. Pia mater.
B. Arachnoidea.
C. Ependyma.
D. Mesothelium.
E. *Dura mater.
22. What is innermost meningea spinal cord?
A. Dura mater.
B. Arachnoidea.
C. Ependyma.
D. Mesothelium.
E. *Pia mater.
23. Components of central nervous system
A. Spinal cord and cerebellum.
B. Nerve fiber and brain.
C. Nerve ganglion and brain.
D. Nerve plexus and spinal cord.
E. *Brain and spinal cord.
24.. What are sensory endings?
A. Effectors.
B. Interneuronal synapses.
C. Connective fibers
D. Comissural fibers
E. *Receptors
25. Components of peripheral nervous system
A. Brain, nerve ganglion.
B. Spinal cord.
C. Nerve ganglion, spinal cord.
D. Nerve plexus and brain.
E. *Nerve, nerve ganglion, nerve plexus.
26. How many neurons are there in the simple somatic reflex arc?
A. 1.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
E. *2.
27. Morphological type of the simple somatic reflex arc first neuron:
A. Unipolar.
B. Bipolar.
C. Multipolar.
D. Stellate.
E. *Pseudounipolar.
28. Functional type of the simple somatic reflex arc second neuron:
A. Associative.
B. Sensory.
C. Activating.
D. Inhibiting.
E. *Motor.
29. Meningeas of the spinal cord in order:
A. Mesothelium.
B. Serosa.
C. Ependyma.
D. Adventitia.
E. *Dura mater, pia mater, arachnoidea.
30. Main components of gray matter of spinal cord:
A. Bipolar neurons.
B. Pseudounipolar neurons.
C. Myelinated fibers.
D. Neuroglial cells.
E. *Multipolar neurons.
31.Anatomical classification of nervous system
A. Somatic and autonomic.
B. Autonomic and sympathetic.
C. Peripheral and autonomic.
D. Sympathetic and parasympathetic.
E. *Central and peripheral.
32. Which cells does nucleus of spinal cord anterior horn consist of?
A. Sensory cells.
B. Associative cells.
C. Funicular cells.
D. Inner cells.
E. *Motor radicular cells.
33. Anterior radices of spinal cord of patient are damaged because of trauma.
Violation of which organs functions it will result in?
A. Sensory.
B. Brain.
C. Spinal cord.
D. Skin.
E. *Muscles.
34. Arrangement of nerve cells in dorsal root ganglion:
A. Dispersed.
B. In cords.
C. In follicles.
D. In layers.
E. *In groups.
35. Arrangement of nerve cells in spinal cord gray matter:
A. 3 layers.
B. 5 layers.
C. In cords.
D. In lobules.
E. *In nuclei.
36. Functions of sceletal muscles of upper extremities are violated. Which cells
are affected?
A. Pseudounipolar neurocytes of spinal node.
B. Multypolar neurons of n. Intermediolateralis.
C. Medial nucleus motoneurons of anterior horns of spinal cord.
D. Unipolar neurocytes of spinal node.
E. *Motoneurons of lateral nucleus of anterior horns of spinal cord.
37. Perikaryons of pseudounipolar neurons of spinal ganglion are surrounded by
small cells with round nuclei. What are these cells?
A. Astrocytes.
B. Ependymal cells.
C. Roots cells.
D. Spongioblasts.
E. *Mantial cells.
38. Axial cylinders and myelin destruction usually accompanies the traumas.
Which structures of nerve fiber prove regeneration of myelin?
A. Perineurium.
B. Ependymal cells.
C. Endoneurium.
D. Astrocytes.
E. *Neurolemmocytes (Shwann cells).
39. Axons of spinal cord anterior horn motoneurons are sected. Which nerve is
damaged?
A. Sensory.
B. Mixed.
C. Myelin fiber.
D. Nerve ending.
E. *Motor.
40. Central nervous system consists mainly of:
A. Neuroglial cells.
B. Myelinated fibers.
C. Unmyelinated and myelinated fibers.
D. Nerve processes.
E. *Perikaryons of nerve cells.
41. Connective tissue scar inhibits regeneration of nerve. What factors are
stimulating the regeneration of nerve?
A. Antymitotic factors (cytostatics).
B. Neurotrophic factors.
C. Factors that stimulate mitosis.
D. All above mentioned.
E. *Schwann cells.
42. Dendrites of sensory (pseudounipolar) cells are sected. Which nerve is
damaged?
A. Motor.
B. Mixed.
C. Myelin fibers.
D. Nerve endings.
E. *Sensory.
43. Dorsal roots of spinal cord are damaged as a result of trauma. Functions of
which cells are violated?
A. Neurocytes of nucleus thoracicus.
B. Neurocytes of nucleus proprius.
C. Neurocytes of spongy substance.
D. Neurocytes gelatinous substance.
E. *Pseudounipolar neurons of spinal node.
44. Function of the central portion of efferent part of sympathetic nervous system
is violated by pathologic process. What is possible place of process in spinal
cord?
A. Medial intermediate nucleus of lateral horns.
B. Dorsal nucleus of posterior horns.
C. Nucleus proprius of posterior horns.
D. Nuclei of anterior horns.
E. *Lateral intermediate nucleus.
45. Funicular cells location in spinal cord:
A. Motor nuclei.
B. White matter.
C. Nucleus intermediolateralis.
D. In meningeas.
E. *Clark nucleus (nucleus proprius).
46. Funicular cells location in spinal cord:
A. Motor nuclei.
B. White matter.
C. Nucleus intermediolateralis.
D. In meningeas.
E. *Nucleus thoracicus.
47. Funicular cells location in spinal cord:
A. Motor nuclei.
B. White matter.
C. In meningeas.
D. Nucleus intermediolateralis.
E. *Nucleus intermediomedialis.
48. Funicular cells of spinal cord main function is:
A. Motor.
B. Sensory.
C. Stimuli conduction from spinal cord.
D. Interconnection of gray matter nuclei.
E. *Spinal cord and brain interconnection.
49. Ganglionic plate was removed in embrio in experiment. What does it result in?
A. In violation of the formation of the spinal cord.
B. In violation of neuroglia formation.
C. Nothing.
D. In violation of the formation of central nervous system.
E. *In violation of spinal and autonomic ganglia formation.
50. Gray matter of spinal cord mainly consists of:
A. Bipolar neurons
B. Pseudounipolar neurons
C. Myelinated fibers
D. Neuroglial cells
E. *Multipolar neurons
51. How does the gray matter look like in the spinal cord?
A. Oval-shape
B. Z-like
C. Irregular
D. Triangular
E. *H-like
52. Simple somatic reflex arc consists of:
A. 6 neurons
B. 3 neurons
C. 4 neurons
D. 5 neurons
E. *2 neurons
53. How many nuclei are there in the anterior horn of the spinal cord?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. *5
54. How many nuclei are there in the intermediate horn of the spinal cord?
A. A. 1
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
E. *2
55. How many nuclei are there in the posterior horn of the spinal cord?
A. 1
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
E. *2
56. In histologic specimen of central nervous system gray matter lies inside white
matter and has H-like shape. What is this organ?
A. Large hemisphere.
B. Cerebellar cortex.
C. Dorsal root ganglion.
D. Autonomic ganglion.
E. *Spinal cord
57. Nervous system organ has capsule, which produces septae and pseudounipolar
cells with surrounding glial cells under this capsule. Nerve fibers lie in the
middle. What is this organ?
A. Vegetative ganglion.
B. Nerve trunk
C. Part of the spinal cord.
D. Part of the brain.
E. *Spinal ganglion.
58. What nucleus of spinal cord has motor neurons which form the motor endings
on skeletal muscles of trunk?
A. Nucleus thoracicus.
B. Intermediate lateral nucleus.
C. Intermediate medial nucleus.
D. Nucleus proprius of posterior horn.
E. *Motor nucleus of anterior horn.
59. Which spinal cord cells line wall of the central spinal canal?
A. Oligodendrocytes.
B. Astrocytes.
C. Spongioblasts.
D. Neurolemmocytes.
E. *Ependymocytes.
60. Doctor-neurologist makes a punkture of dura mater. Which tissue does it
consist of?
A. Loose connective tissue.
B. Smooth muscle tissue.
C. Bony tissue.
D. Cartilage.
E. *Dense connective tissue.
61. Certify principle feature of dorsal root ganglion.
A. Neurons have motor function.
B. Mostly has multipolar cells.
C. Nerve cells have stellate shape.
D. Mostly has unipolar cells.
E. *Mostly has pseudounipolar cells.
62. Certify sensory endings.
A. Effectors.
B. Interneuronal synapses.
C. Connective.
D. Comissural.
E. *Receptors.
63.Certify the outermost connective tissue tunic of peripheral nerve.
A. Endoneurium.
B. Perineurium.
C. Periosteum.
D. Perichondrium.
E. *Epineuriun.
64. Inner cells of spinal cord function is:
A. Motor.
B. Sensory.
C. Stimuli conduction from spinal cord.
D. Spinal cord and brain interconnection.
E. *Interconnection of gray matter nuclei.
65. Location of nerve cells in dorsal root ganglion:
A. At the middle of ganglion.
B. Dispersed.
C. At the entrance.
D. At the exit.
E. *Under the capsule.
66. Location of the somatic reflex arc first neuron.
A. Brain.
B. Spinal cord.
C. Skin.
D. Organ.
E. *Dorsalroot ganglion.
67. Location of the somatic reflex arc second neuron.
A. Brain.
B. Dorsalroot ganglion.
C. Skin.
D. Organ.
E. *Spinal cord.
68. Main function of ependymal cells:
A. Nutritive.
B. Basic.
C. Supportive.
D. Excretory.
E. *Secretory.
69. Mantial cells of dorsal root ganglia belong to:
A. Astrocytes.
B. Schwann cells.
C. Ependymal cells.
D. Fibrocytes.
E. *Oligodendrocytes.
70. Middle meningea of the spinal cord:
A. Mesothelium.
B. Adventitia.
C. Serosa.
D. Ependyma.
E. *Arachnoidea.
71.Meningea of the spinal cord:
A. Mesothelium.
B. Ependyma.
C. Adventitia.
D. Serosa.
E. *Dura mater.
72. Meningea of the spinal cord:
A. Mesothelium
B. Serosa
C. Ependyma
D. Adventitia
E. *Pia mater
73. Middle part of dorsal root ganglion is occupied by:
A. Motor cells
B. Glial cells
C. Associative cells
D. Pseudounipolar cells
E. *Nerve fibers
74. Motor nerve of animal is cut. Which processes of nervous cells are damaged?
A. Dendrite cells pseudounipolar sensitive neuron
B. Axons sensory cells
C. Dendrites of spinal cord anterior horn motoneurons
D. Both axons and dendrites
E. *Axons of spinal cord anterior horns motoneurons
75. Nervous ganglion is stained with silver impregnation, it has a lot of
pseudounipolar nerve cells. What is this ganglion?
A. Autonomic ganglion
B. Mixed ganglion
C. Sensory ganglion
D. Associative ganglion
E. *Dorsal root ganglion
76. Organ of central nervous system has nuclei, arranged in H-like structure. What
is this organ?
A. Cortex of large hemispheres
B. Cerebellar cortex
C. Hypothalamus
D. Brainstem
E. *Spinal cord
77. Poliomyelitis characterized by spinal cord damage which reflects in skeletal
muscles disfunctions. Destructions of which neurons is it due to?
A. Associative.
B. Pseudounipolar.
C. Associative and motor.
D. Pseudounipolar and associative.
E. *Motor neurons.
78. Patient is thick with poliomyelitis. His spinal cord is damaged and skeletal
muscles function too. Which nerve cells destruction it is due to?
A. Associative
B. Pseudounipolar
C. Unipolar
D. Sensory
E. *Associative and motor
79. Peripheral motor nerve is damaged. Which structures will promote its
regeneration?
A. Schwann cells
B. Oligodendrocytes
C. Nerolemma
D. Dendrites of sensory cells
E. *Axons of motor neurons
80. Peripheral nervous system imcludes:
A. Brain
B. Spinal Cord
C. Cerebellum
D. Medulla oblongata
E. *Nerves
81. Peripheral nervous system imcludes:
A. Brain
B. Spinal Cord
C. Cerebellum
D. Medulla oblongata
E. *Nerve ganglia
82. Peripheral nervous system imcludes:
A. Brain
B. Spinal Cord
C. Cerebellum
D. Medulla oblongata
E. *Nerve plexus
83. Perineurium stabilizes the location of nerve. What is peryneurium?
A. Outermost tunic of nerve
B. Layer, which separates nerve fibers
C. Connective tissue around nerve
D. Reticular tissue
E. *Connective tissue layer, which separates nerve bundles
84. Physiological classification of nervous system
A. Autonomic and sympathetic
B. Central and peripheral
C. Peripheral and autonomic
D. Sympathetic and parasympathetic
E. *Somatic and autonomic
85. Posterior horn of spinal cord has thoracic nucleus. Which cells does nucleus
consist of?
A. Motor radicular cells.
B. Sensory cells.
C. Pseudounipolar cells.
D. Inner cells.
E. *Associative funicular cells.
86. Processes of which cells of spinal cord predominate in white matter?
A. Radicular
B. Inner
C. Motor
D. Sensory
E. *Funicular
87.Pseudounipolar cells of dorsal root ganglia mainly belong to:
A. Motor cells
B. Associative cells
C. Ascendent cells
D. Connective cells
E. *Sensory cells
88.Radicular cells location in spinal cord:
A. Nucleus thoracicus
B. Clark nucleus
C. White matter
D. Nucleus intermediomedialis
E. *Motor nuclei
89.Radicular cells location in spinal cord:
A. Nucleus thoracicus
B. White matter
C. Clark nucleus
D. Nucleus intermediomedialis
E. *Nucleus intermediolateralis
90. Radicular cells of spinal cord main function is:
A. Motor
B. Sensory
C. Ascendent
D. Connective
E. *Stimuli conduction from spinal cord
91. Sensory nerve of animal is cut. Which processes of nervous cells are
damaged?
A. Axons of spinal cord anterior horns motoneurons
B. Axons sensory cells
C. Dendrites of spinal cord anterior horn motoneurons
D. Both axons and dendrites
E. *Dendrite of pseudounipolar neurons
92. Sensory nerve ganglion consists of neurocytes with two closely placed
processes, which seprate at some distance. What is the type of these cells?
A. Apolar.
B. Bipolar.
C. Unipolar.
D. Multypolar.
E. *Pseudounipolar.
93. Special classification of nerve cells in the spinal cord.
A. Somatic and autonomic
B. Sensory and motorneurons
C. Associative cells and motorneurons
D. Autonomic cells and sensory
E. *Funicular, radicular and inner
94. Special feature of spinal cord funicular cells
A. Short axons
B. Long axons
C. Axons lie in gray matter
D. Axons constitute anterior radix
E. *Axons constitute white matter
95. Special feature of spinal cord radicular cells
A. Short axons
B. Long axons
C. Axons lie constitute white matter
D. Axons lie in gray matter
E. *Axons constitute anterior radix
96. Special structural feature of spinal cord arachnoidea:
A. Dense connective tissue with a lot of blood vessels
B. A lot of elastic fibers
C. Subdural space
D. A lot of reticular fibers
E. *Loose connective tissue with a lot of blood vessels
97. Spinal channel is filled with liquor (cerebrospinal fluid). What is the main
function of this fluid?
A. Mechanical
B. Nutritive
C. Limiting
D. Transport
E. *Amortization of central nervous system
98. Spinal cord anterior root is damaged. Which structures will promote its
regeneration?
A. Schwann cells
B. Axons of pseudounipolar cells of dorsalroot ganglion
C. Neurons of nucleus toracicus
D. Dendrites of sensory cells
E. *Axons of motor neurons
99. Spinal cord dorsal root is damaged. Which structures will promote its
regeneration?
A. Schwann cells
B. Neurons of nucleus toracicus
C. Axons of motor neurons
D. Dendrites of sensory cells
E. *Axons of pseudounipolar cells of dorsalroot ganglion
100.
Main function of spinal cord funicular cells:
A. Nerve impulses passage from spinal cord to organs
B. Connection of right and left portion of the spinal cord
C. Nerve impulses passage to the meningea
D. Connection of anterior and posterior horns
E. *Connection of brain and spinal cord
101.
Spinal cord inner cells function
A. Nerve impulses passage from spinal cord to organs
B. Nerve impulses passage to the brain
C. Nerve impulses passage to the meningea
D. Connection of anterior and posterior radices
E. *Interaction of nerve cells in gray matter
102.
Spinal cord radicular cells function
A. Nerve impulses passage to brain
B. Connection of right and left portion of the spinal cord
C. Nerve impulses passage to the meningea
D. Connection of anterior and posterior horns
E. *Nerve impulses passage from spinal cord to organs
103.
There are 3 types of glial cells. Which ones produce the myelin?
A. Dark
B. Astrocytes
C. Light
D. Ependymal cells
E. *Schwann cells
104.
What does anterior nucleus of the spinal cord consist of?
A. Sensory neurons
B. Associative cells
C. Glial cells
D. Autonomic cells
E. *Motor neurons
105.
What does arachnoidea of brain consist of?
A. Dense connective tissue
B. A lot of elastic fibers
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
C. Subdural space
D. A lot of reticular fibers sue
E. Loose connective tis
What does dura mater of brain consist of?
A. A lot of elastic fibers
B. Loose connective tissue
C. Subdural space
D. A lot of reticular fibers
E. *Dense connective tissue
What does endoneurium surround?
A. Nerve fiber
B. Peripheral nerve
C. Blood vessel of nerve
D. Lymphatics of nerve
E. *Bandle of nerve fibers
Which structure is surrounded with epineurium?
A. Nerve fiber
B. Bandle of nerve fibers
C. Blood vessel of nerve
D. Lymphatics of nerve
E. *Peripheral nerve
What does intermediate nucleus of the spinal cord consist of?
A. Motor neurons
B. Sensory neurons
C. Glial cells
D. Fibrocytes
E. *Associative multipolar cells
What does perineurium of nerve consist of?
A. Loose connective tissue
B. Separate collagen and elastic fibers
C. Few types of fibrocytes and collagen fibers
D. Reticular tissue
E. *Dense connective tissue
Which structure is surrounded with perineurium?
A. Nerve fiber
B. Peripheral nerve
C. Blood vessel of nerve
D. Lymphatics of nerve
E. *Groop of bandles of nerve fibers
What does pia mater of brain consist of?
A. Dense connective tissue
B. A lot of elastic fibers
C. Subdural space
D. A lot of reticular fibers
E. *Loose connective tissue
What does nucleus of spinal cord posterior hornconsist of?
A. Motor neurons
B. Sensory neurons
C. Autonomic cells
D. Glial cells
E. *Associative cells
114.
What does dorsal root of spinal cord mainly consist of?
A. Motoneurons axons
B. Motoneurons dendrites
C. Sensory neurons dendrites
D. Associative cells dendrites
E. *Sensory neurons axons
115.
What does the ventral root of spinal cord mainly consist of?
A. Motoneurons dendrites
B. Sensory neurons axons
C. Sensory neurons dendrites
D. Associative cells dendrites
E. *Motoneurons axons
116.
What is myelin function in nerve system?
A. Electroisolation
B. * Protective function
C. Makes nerve cells processes stronger
D. Cytoskeleton
E. *Nerve impulses conduction
117.
What is predominant type of nerve cells in dorsal root ganglia?
A. Tripolar
B. Unipolar
C. Bipolar
D. Multipolar
E. *Pseudounipolar
118.
What is the embryonic source of spinal cord development?
A. Nervous plate
B. Ganglionic plate
C. Nervous crest
D. Nephrotom
E. *Nerve tube
119.
What is the functional type of the compound somatic reflex arc second
neuron?
A. Motor
B. Sensory
C. Activating
D. Inhibiting
E. *Associative
120.
What is the functional type of the somatic reflex arc first neuron?
A. Motor
B. Associative
C. Activating
D. Inhibiting
E. *Sensory
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
What is the functional type of the somatic reflex arc second neuron?
A. Associative
B. Sensory
C. Activating
D. Inhibiting
E. *Motor
What is the innermost meningea of the spinal cord?
A. Dura mater
B. Arachnoidea
C. Serosa
D. Ependyma
E. *Pia mater
In human body what is the location of the dorsal root ganglion?
A. In the skin
B. In the spinal nerve
C. In the ventral root of spinal cord
D. In the wall of organs
E. *In the dorsal root of spinal cord
What is the middle meningea of the spinal cord?
A. Dura mater
B. Pia mater
C. Serosa
D. Ependyma
E. *Arachnoidea
What is the outermost meningea of the spinal cord?
A. Pia mater
B. Arachnoidea
C. Serosa
D. Ependyma
E. *Dura mater
What is the outermost tunic of peripheral nerve?
A. Endoneurium
B. Perineurium
C. Periosteum
D. Perichondrium
E. *Epineuriun
What is the structural type of the somatic reflex arc first neuron?
A. Unipolar
B. Bipolar
C. Multipolar
D. Stellate
E. *Pseudounipolar
What is the structural type of the somatic reflex arc second neuron?
A. Unipolar
B. Bipolar
C. Pseudounipolar
D. Stellate
E. *Multipolar
129.
Which abnormal components could be revealed in the cerebrospinal fluid
in the case of cerebrospinal trauma with damage of blood vessels?
A. A lot of lymphocytes
B. Mineral salts
C. Ependymal cells
D. Reticular cells
E. *Blood formed elements
130.
Which cells are affected, as a result of spinal cord damage, when
functions of sceletal muscles of trunk are violated?
A. Pseudounipolar neurocytes of spinal node
B. Multypolar neurons of n. Intermediolateralis.
C. Motoneurons of lateral nucleus of anterior horns of spinal cord.
D. Unipolar neurocytes of spinal node
E. *Medial nucleus motoneurons of anterior horns of spinal cord.
131.
Which cells are myelin producers in peripheral nerve system?
A. Microglial cells
B. Ependymal cells
C. Protoplasmic astrocytes
D. Fibrous astrocytes
E. *Oligodendrocytes
132.
Which cells does nucleus intermediolateralis of spinal cord mainly
consist of?
A. Funicular
B. Inner
C. Motor
D. Sensory
E. *Radicular
133.
Which cells does nucleus intermediomedialis of spinal cord mainly
consist of?
A. Funicular
B. Radicular
C. Motor
D. Sensory
E. *Inner
134.
Which cells does nucleus of spinal cord anterior horn mainly consist of?
A. Funicular
B. Inner
C. Motor
D. Sensory
E. *Radicular
135.
Which cells does nucleus proprius of spinal cord mainly consist of?
A. Radicular
B. Motor
C. Sensory
D. Inner
E. *Funicular
136.
Which cells does nucleus thoracicus (Clark) of spinal cord mainly
consist of?
A. Inner
B. Radicular
C. Motor
D. Sensory
E. *Funicular
137.
Which cells surround the pseudounipolar cells of dorsalroot ganglia?
A. Astrocytes
B. Shwann cells
C. Ependimal cells
D. Fibrocytes
E. *Mantial cells
138.
Which nerves are largest in the human body?
A. Nerves of hands
B. Cranial nerves
C. Autonomic nerves
D. Nerves of inner organs
E. *Nerves of feet
139.
Which nerves conduct the impulses from central nervous system to the
effector cells?
A. Sensory
B. Associative
C. Ascendent
D. Connective
E. Motor
140.
Which nuclei are placed in the anterior horn of the spinal cord?
A. Sensory
B. Nucleus thoracicus
C. Clark nucleus
D. Autonomic
E. *Motor
141.
Which nuclei are located in the intermediate horn of the spinal cord?
A. Sensory
B. Motor
C. Nucleus thoracicus
D. Associative
E. *Nuclei intermediolateralis and intermediomedialis
142.
Which nuclei are located in the posterior horn of the spinal cord?
A. Motor
B. Sensory
C. Somatic
D. Autonomic
E. *Nucleus thoracicus and Clark nucleus
143.
Which nuclei are located in the posterior horn of the spinal cord?
A. Motor
B. Sensory
144.
145.
146.
147.
148.
149.
150.
151.
C. Intermediate
D. Autonomic
E. *Nucleus thoracicus (Clark), nucleus proprius
Which space lie between arachnoid and pia mater?
A. Epidural
B. Subdural
C. No space
D. Comissural
E. *Subarachnoid
Which space lie between dura mater and arachnoid?
A. Epidural
B. Subarachnoid
C. No space
D. Comissural
E. *Subdural
Which space lie between dura mater and periosteum?
A. Subdural
B. Subarachnoid
C. No space
D. Comissural
E. *Epidural
Which structures originate from cells of ganglionic plate?
A. Spinal cord gray matter
B. Spinal cord white matter
C. Cerebellum
D. Autonomic ganglia
E. *Dorsal root ganglia
Which special tunic covers peripheral nerve outside?
A. Perineurium
B. Myelin
C. Endoneurium
D. Epithelium
E. *Epineurium
Neurons of which shape predominate in the spinal cord?
A. Corn-cells
B. Horizontal
C. Basket
D. Golgi
E. *Stellate
Why does the spinal cord white matter is of white colour?
A. There no nerve cells
B. There are a lot of fibers
C. Fibers are arranged in bundles
D. There are a lot of glial cells
E. *Because of myelin, which is rich with lipids
Structral components of the central nervous system
A. Spinal cord and cerebellum
152.
153.
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
B. Nerve fiber and brain
C. Nerve ganglion and brain
D. Nerve plexus and spinal cord
E. *Brain and spinal cord
The third layer of large hemispheres:
A. Outer granular layer
B. Inner granular layer
C. Ganglionic layer
D. Multiform cells layer
E. *Pyramidal layer
The fourth layer of large hemispheres:
A. Outer granular layer
B. Pyramidal layer
C. Ganglionic layer
D. Multiform cells layer
E. *Inner granular layer
The fifth layer of large hemispheres:
A. Outer granular layer
B. Pyramidal layer
C. Inner granular layer
D. Multiform cells layer
E. *Ganglionic layer
The six layer of large hemispheres:
A. Outer granular layer
B. Pyramidal layer
C. Inner granular layer
D. Ganglionic layer
E. Multiform cells layer
Location of Betz cell in brain cortex:
A. Outer granular layer
B. Pyramidal layer
C. Inner granular layer
D. Multiform cells layer
E. *Ganglionic layer
Shape of Betz cells?
A. Horizontal
B. Stellate
C. Corn cells
D. Irregular
E. Pyramidal
Which types of fibers are there in the brain?
A. Projective inner
B. Associative complex
C. Outer projective
D. Connective
E. *Commissural, projective, associative
How many layers are there in the cerebellar cortex?
160.
161.
162.
163.
164.
165.
166.
A. 2
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
E. *3
Outermost layer of cerebellar cortex.
A. Outer granular layer
B. Inner granular layer
C. Ganglionic layer
D. Multiform cells layer
E. *Molecular layer
Middle layer of cerebellar cortex.
A. Molecular layer
B. Outer granular layer
C. Inner granular layer
D. Multiform cells layer
E. *Ganglionic layer
Certify organ of the central nerve system:
A. Dorsal root ganglion
B. Nerve
C. Nerve ganglion
D. Nerve plexus
E. *Brain
Innermost layer of cerebellar cortex:
A. Molecular layer
B. Pyramidal layer
C. Ganglionic layer
D. Multiform cells layer
E. *Granular layer
What are main cells in ganglionic layer of cerebellum:
A. Betz cells
B. Basket cells and stellate cells
C. Golgi cells
D. Corn cells
E. *Purkinje cells
Location of the Purkinje cells in cerebellar cortex:
A. Molecular layer
B. Granular layer
C. Multiform layer
D. Pyramidal
E. *Ganglionic layer
Shape of the Purkinje cells?
A. Stellate
B. Pyramidal
C. Horizontal
D. Multiform
E. *Oval
167.
168.
169.
170.
171.
172.
173.
174.
How many meningeas does brain have?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 4
D. 5
E. *3
Most typical cells of cerebellar cortex.
A. Stellate
B. Pyramidal
C. Spindlelike
D. Horizontal
E. *Pear-like
Efferent neurons of cerebellar cortex
A. Basket
B. Large stellate
C. Corn-cells
D. Golgi cells
E. *Pear-like (Purkinje cells).
How many neurons are there in simple autonomic reflex arc?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 4
D. 5
E. *3
Simple somatic reflex arc has:
A. 7 neurons
B. 5 neurons
C. 3 neurons
D. 4 neurons
E. *2 neurons
Structural type of first neuron of autonomic reflex arc:
A. Unipolar
B. Bipolar
C. Multipolar
D. Basket cell
E. *Pseudounipolar
Which organ belongs to the central nerve system?
A. Dorsal root ganglion
B. Nerve
C. Nerve ganglion
D. Nerve plexus
E. *Spinal cord
Functional type of second (last) neuron of simple somatic reflex arc?
A. Associative
B. Sensory
C. Activating
D. Inhibiting
E. *Motor
175.
Functional unit of the nervous system activity:
A. Neuron
B. Gliocyte
C. Astrocyte
D. Module
E. *Reflex arc
176.
Morphofunctional unite of the brain cortex?
A. Neuron
B. Gliocyte
C. Reflex arc
D. Astrocyte
E. *Module
177.
Shape of brain module:
A. Round
B. Pyramidal
C. Triangular
D. Rectangular
E. *Cylindrical
178.
How many distinct layers of cells are there in large hemispheres?
A. 7.
B. 5.
C. 4.
D. 3.
E. *6.
179.
The first layer of large hemisphere:
A. Outer granular layer.
B. Pyramidal layer.
C. Inner granular layer.
D. Ganglionic layer.
E. *Molecular layer.
180.
The second layer of large hemispheres:
A. Molecular layer.
B. Pyramidal layer.
C. Inner granular layer.
D. Multiform cells layer.
E. *Outer granular layer.
181.
Central portion of autonomic nervous system in the spinal cord is
localized .
A. Medial intermediate nucleus of lateral horns.
B. Dorsal nucleus of posterior horns.
C. Nucleus proprius of posterior horns.
D. Nuclei of anterior horns.
E. *Lateral intermediate nucleus of lateral horns.
182.
Processes of which neurons are forming n. vagus?
A. Axons of central sympathetic neurons.
B. * Dendrites of central parasympathetic neurons.
C. Dendrites of central sympathetic neurons.
D. Axons and dendrites of peripheral parasympathetic neurons.
E. *Axons of central parasympathetic neurons.
183.
Which cerebellar cells are damaged first of all in alcochol intoxication
A. Basket.
B. Betz cells.
C. Stellate.
D. Granular cells.
E. *Pear- like shaped.
184.
Discoordination of movement and equilibrium depends on next
cerebellar cells disfunctions:
A. Basket cells.
B. Betz cells.
C. Stellate cells.
D. Corn cells.
E. *Purkinje cells.
185.
Basket cell function in the cerebellar cortex:
A. A. Motor.
B. Sensory.
C. Secretory.
D. Excitatory.
E. *Inhibiting.
186.
Betz cell location in brain cortex:
A. Outer granular layer.
B. Inner granular layer.
C. Multiform cells layer.
D. Pyramidal layer.
E. *Ganglionic layer.
187.
What is main function of cerebrospinal fluid?
A. Nutritive.
B. Limiting.
C. Transport.
D. Mechanical support.
E. *Amortization of central nervous system.
188.
Brain ventricles walls are covered by:
A. Loose connective tissue.
B. Dense connective tissue.
C. Reticular tissue.
D. Epithelial tissue.
E. *Ependymal layer.
189.
Caudal portion of nervous tube gives rise for:
A. Sense organs.
B. Brain.
C. Dorsal root ganglia.
D. Autonomic ganglia.
E. *Spinal cord.
190.
Chief cells of ganglionic layer of cerebellum:
A. Betz cells.
B. Basket cells and stellate cells.
C. Golgi cells.
D. Corn cells.
E. *Purkinje cells.
191.
Which organs belong to central nervous system?
A. Spinal cord and cerebellum.
B. Nerve fibers and brain.
C. Nerve ganglia and brain.
D. Nerve plexuses and spinal cord.
E. *Brain and spinal cord.
192.
Corn cells function in the cerebellar cortex:
A. Motor.
B. Sensory.
C. Secretory.
D. Inhibiting.
E. *Excitatory.
193.
Cranial portion of nervous tube gives rise for:
A. Spinal cord.
B. Sense organs.
C. Dorsal root ganglia.
D. Autonomic ganglia.
E. *Brain.
194.
Dicrease of heart activity and blood pressure, bronchial constriction and
increase of intestine peristalsis are due to activity of:
A. Metasympathetic part of nervous system.
B. Peripheral part of nervous system.
C. Sympatathetic part of nervous system.
D. There is no correct answer.
E. *Parasympathetic part of nervous system.
195.
Excitatory cells of cerebellar cortex:
A. Large stellate cells.
B. Basket cells.
C. Golgi cells.
D. Small stellate cells.
E. *Corn cells.
196.
In histological specimen how many layers are seen in the cerebellar
cortex?
A. 2.
B. 7.
C. 5.
D. 8.
E. *3.
197.
In histological specimen how many layers are seen in the large brain
cortex?
A. 8.
B. 4.
C. 3.
D. 2.
E. *6.
198.
How many meningeas does brain have?
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 7.
D. 4 .
E. *3.
199.
Simple autonomic reflex arc consists of:
A. 1 neuron.
B. 2 neurons.
C. 8 neurons.
D. 4 neurons.
E. *3 neurons.
200.
Simple somatic reflex arc consists of:
A. 7 neurons.
B. 2 neurons.
C. 3 neurons.
D. 4 neurons.
E. *2 neurons.
201.
In histologic specimen pear-look cells have 2-3 dendrites. Which organ
is this?
A. Spiral organ of Corty.
B. Retina.
C. Large hemispheras.
D. Dorsalroot ganglion.
E. *Cerebellar cortex.
202.
Organ of central nervous system has pear-look cells with 2-3 dendrites.
Which organ is under research?
A. Spiral organ of the inner ear.
B. Spinal cord.
C. Cerebral cortex.
D. Spinal node.
E. *Cerebellar cortex.
203.
Gray matter of cerebellum contains a lot of small neurocytes. What are
these cells?
A. Pears- like Purkinje cells.
B. Basket cells.
C. Small stellate.
D. Large stellate.
E. *Granular cells.
204.
In specimen of cerebellar cortex large cells lie in one row and their
dendrites are going in one direction. Certify these cells.
A. Basket cells.
B. Small stellate.
C. Large stellate.
D. Granular cells.
E. *Pears- like Purkinje cells.
205.
Neurocytes in specimen have pyramidal shape. Dendrites arise from the
top and back sides of cells, axons - fom the bases. What organ is this ?
A. Cerebellum.
B. Spiral organ of the inner ear.
C. Retina.
D. Spinal node.
E. *Large hemispheres.
206.
In the brain cortex nerve cells are arranged in:
A. In groups.
B. In follicles.
C. In lobules.
D. In nuclei.
E. *6 layers.
207.
In the histological specimen of brain hemisphere light layer poor in
cellular elements lies on the surface Certify this layer.
A. Multiform.
B. Ganglionic.
C. Granular.
D. Pyramidal.
E. *Molecular.
208.
Specify efferent neurons of cerebellar cortex
A. Basket cells.
B. Large stellate cells.
C. Corn-cells.
D. Golgi cells.
E. *Pear-like (Purkinje cells).
209.
Specify the most typical cells of cerebellar cortex.
A. Stellate.
B. Pyramidal.
C. Spindlelike.
D. Horizontal.
E. *Pear-like.
210.
Inner layer of cerebellar cortex is:
A. Molecular layer.
B. Pyramidal layer.
C. Ganglionic layer.
D. Multiform cells laye.
E. *Granular layer.
211.
Large pyramidal cells are seen in the specimen of large hemispheres.
Who had described them at first?
A. Lenoshek.
B. Golgi.
C. Nissl.
D. Kajal.
E. *Betz.
212.
Location of largest pyramidal cells in brain cortex:
A. Outer granular layer.
B. Pyramidal layer.
C. Inner granular layer.
D. Multiform cells layer.
E. *Ganglionic layer.
213.
Location of middle-sized pyramidal cells in brain cortex:
A. Outer granular layer.
B. Inner granular layer.
C. Ganglionic layer.
D. Multiform cells layer.
E. *Pyramidal layer.
214.
Location of nerve cells perikaryons in central nervous system:
A. In white matter.
B. In nerves.
C. In skin.
D. In fibers.
E. *In gray matter.
215.
Location of small pyramidal cells in brain cortex:
A. Pyramidal layer.
B. Inner granular layer.
C. Ganglionic layer.
D. Multiform cells layer.
E. *Outer granular layer.
216.
Microscopic research of CNS revealed gray matter, which consists of six
layers of neurons. Specify the neurons of fifth layer.
A. Pears- like Purkinje cell
B. Merkel Cells.
C. Basket cells.
D. Granular cells.
E. *Betz cells.
217.
Microscopic research of the CNS gray matter showes neurons, which
form three layers: molecular, ganglionic and granular. Specify neurons of
second layer.
A. Basket cells.
B. Small stellate.
C. Large stellate.
D. Granular cells.
E. *Pears- like Purkinje cell.
218.
Certify outer layer of cerebellar cortex.
A. Outer granular layer.
B. Inner granular layer.
C. Ganglionic layer.
D. Multiform cells layer.
E. *Molecular layer.
219.
Certify second layer of cerebellar cortex.
A. Molecular layer.
B. Outer granular layer.
C. Inner granular layer.
D. Multiform cells layer.
E. *Ganglionic layer.
220.
Certify the afferent pathways of cerebellum
A. Stellate cells axons.
B. Purkinje cells axons.
C. Basket cells axons.
D. Cereal cells axons.
E. *Moss like fibers.
221.
Certify the afferent pathways of cerebellum
A. Stellate cells axons.
B. Purkinje cells axons.
C. Basket cells axons.
D. Cereal cells axons.
E. *Climbing fibers.
222.
Certify the function of cerebellum
A. Sensory and motor.
B. Secretory and excretory.
C. Muscles tone and motor.
D. Coordination of movement and sensory.
E. *Coordination of movement.
223.
Certify the function of cerebellum.
A. Sensory and motor.
B. Secretory and excretory.
C. Muscles tone and motor.
D. Coordination of movement and sensory.
E. *Equilibrium.
224.
Certify the function of cerebellum
A. Sensory and motor
B. Secretory and excretory
C. Muscles tone and motor
D. Coordination of movement and sensory
E. *Muscles tone control.
225.
Certify the organ of nervous system, which consists of two hemispheres,
is covered with a gray matter and proves organism interaction with
environment?
A. Reticular formation.
B. Spinal node.
C. Retina.
D. Cerebellum.
E. *Large hemispheres.
226.
Certify the organ of the nervous system, which consists of two
hemispheres, covered with gray matter, and which provides coordination of
body movements and maintains muscle tone?
A. Reticular formation.
B. Spinal node.
C. Large hemispheres.
D. Retina.
E. *Cerebellum.
227.
Certify the principal layer of cerebellar cortex.
A. Molecular layer.
B. Outer granular layer.
C. Inner granular layer.
D. Multiform cells layer.
E. *Ganglionic layer.
228.
Certify the term of nerve cells regular location in the cortex of large
hemispheres:
A. Myeloarchitectonic.
B. Nerve plates.
C. Axons and dendrite fibers.
D. Associative and commissural fibers.
E. *Cytoarchitectonic.
229.
Certify the term of nerve fibers regular location in the cortex of large
hemispheres:
A. Cytoarchitectonic.
B. Nerve plate.
C. Axons and dendrite fibers.
D. Associative and comisural fibers.
E. *Myeloarchitectonic.
230.
Nerve cells of which type predominate in brain cortex?
A. Unipolar.
B. Bipolar.
C. Pseudounipolar.
D. Tripolar.
E. *Multipolar.
231.
Nerve impulses from cerebellar cortex are passed by:
A. Basket cells axons.
B. Climbing fibers.
C. Mosslike fibers.
D. Golgi cells.
E. *Axons of Purkinje cell.
232.
Efferent pathways of cerebellum
A. Stellate cells axons.
B. Basket cells axons.
C. Cereal cells axons.
D. Moss like fibers.
E. *Purkinje cells axons.
233.
Nervous ganglion is stained with silver impregnation, it has a lot of
multipolar nerve cells. What is this ganglion?
A. Dorsalroot ganglion.
B. Mixed ganglion.
C. Sensory ganglion.
D. Associative ganglion.
E. *Autonomic ganglion.
234.
Nervus vagus is damaged as a result of trauma. Functions of which
autonomic ganglia are violated?
A. Parasympathetic.
B. Metasympathetic.
C. Peripheral part.
D. There is no correct answer.
E. *Sympatathetic.
235.
Organ consists of white and gray matter. Gray matter lies peripherally.
Nerve cells are arranged in 6 layers. Certify this organ.
A. Spinal cord.
B. Cerebellum.
C. Pons.
D. Medulla oblongata.
E. *Large hemispheres.
236.
Cells of III and V layers of brain hemispheres are. Disfunction of which
effector tissue this result in?
A. Epithelial tissue.
B. Connective tissue.
C. Smooth muscle tissue.
D. Nerve tissue.
E. *Skeletal muscle tissue.
237.
Activity of which part of autonomic nervous system increases heartbeat
and blood pressure?
A. Parasympathetic part.
B. Metasympathetic part.
C. Peripheral part.
D. There is no correct answer.
E. *Sympatathetic part.
238.
Patient with a tumor of the cerebellum has a violation of coordination.
Which structure is damaged?
A. Small stellate cells.
B. Large stellate cells.
C. Basket cells.
D. Granular cells
E. *Purkinje cells.
239.
Which cells of cerebellar cortex are connected with cells of molecular
and granular layers?
A. Basket cells.
B. Small stellate.
C. Large stellate.
D. Granular cells.
E. *Pears- like Purkinje cells.
240.
Slide of large hemispheres is stained with silver impregnation. How
many layers are there?
A. 7.
B. 5.
C. 3.
D. 8.
E. *6.
241.
Specimen is stained with silver impregnation, there are pyramidal cells
in it. Certify the slide, which is under research.
A. Cerebellar cortex.
B. Spiral organ of Corty.
C. Retina.
D. Dorsalroot ganglion.
E. *Large hemispheres cortex.
242.
Large stellate cells function in the cerebellar cortex:
A. Motor.
B. Sensory.
C. Secretory.
D. Excitatory.
E. *Inhibiting.
243.
Small stellate cells function in the cerebellar cortex:
A. Motor.
B. Sensory.
C. Secretory.
D. Excitatory.
E. *Inhibiting.
244.
Basket cells function in the cerebellar cortex:
A. Motor.
B. Sensory.
C. Secretory.
D. Excitatory.
E. *Inhibiting.
245.
Horizontal cells function in the cerebellar cortex:
A. Motor.
B. Sensory.
C. Secretory.
D. Excitatory.
E. *Inhibiting.
246.
Type 1 Golgi cells function in the cerebellar cortex:
A. Motor.
B. Sensory.
C. Secretory.
D. Excitatory.
E. *Inhibiting.
247.
Type 2 Golgi cells function in the cerebellar cortex:
A. Motor.
B. Sensory.
C. Secretory.
D. Excitatory.
E. *Inhibiting.
248.
Subarachnoid space is lined with:
249.
250.
251.
252.
253.
254.
255.
A. Loose connective tissue.
B. Dense connective tissue.
C. Ependymal layer.
D. Reticular tissue.
E. *Epithelial tissue.
Subdural space is lined with:
A. Loose connective tissue.
B. Dense connective tissue.
C. Ependymal layer.
D. Reticular tissue.
E. *Epithelial tissue.
The fifth layer of large brain cortex is:
A. Outer granular layer.
B. Pyramidal layer.
C. Inner granular layer.
D. Multiform cells layer.
E. *Ganglionic layer.
The six layer of large brain cortex is:
A. Outer granular layer.
B. Pyramidal layer.
C. Inner granular layer.
D. Ganglionic layer.
E. *Multiform cells layer.
The first layer of large brain cortex is:
A. Outer granular layer.
B. Pyramidal layer.
C. Inner granular layer.
D. Ganglionic layer.
E. *Molecular layer.
The second layer of large brain cortex is:
A. Molecular layer.
B. Pyramidal layer.
C. Inner granular layer.
D. Multiform cells layer.
E. *Outer granular layer.
The third layer of large brain cortex is:
A. Outer granular layer.
B. Inner granular layer.
C. Ganglionic layer.
D. Multiform cells layer.
E. *Pyramidal layer.
The fourth layer of large brain cortex is:
A. Outer granular layer.
B. Pyramidal layer.
C. Ganglionic layer.
D. Multiform cells layer.
E. *Inner granular layer.
256.
The organ has white and gray matter peripherally. Nerve cells are
arranged in 3 layers. Certify this organ.
A. Spinal cord.
B. Pons.
C. Large hemisperes.
D. Medulla oblongata.
E. *Cerebellum.
257.
The specific function of these organs does not depend on the autonomic
nervous system:
A. Intestine.
B. Heart.
C. Urinary bladder.
D. Salivary glands.
E. *Skeletal muscle.
258.
Which efferent fibers of cerebellum do you know?
A. Moss like fibers.
B. Climbing fibers.
C. Basket cells axons.
D. Corn cells axons.
E. *Purkinje cells axons.
259.
What does agranular cortex mean?
A. Cortex with well developed molecular layer.
B. Cortex with well developed granular layers.
C. Cortex in embryogenesis.
D. Cortex with 4 layers.
E. *Cortex with poorly developed granular layers.
260.
What does granular cortex mean?
A. Cortex with well developed molecular layer.
B. Cortex with well developed granular layers.
C. Cortex in embryogenesis.
D. Cortex with 4 layers.
E. *Cortex with well developed granular layers.
261.
What does granular cortex mean?
A. Cortex with well developed molecular layeer.
B. Cortex with well developed granular layers.
C. Cortex in embryogenesis.
D. Cortex with 4 layers.
E. *Motor cortex.
262.
What does agranular cortex mean?
A. Cortex with well developed molecular layer.
B. Cortex with well developed granular layers.
C. Cortex in embryogenesis.
D. Cortex with 4 layers.
E. *Sensory cortex.
263.
Which tissue does aracnoidea of the brain mainly consist of?
A. Dense connective tissue.
B. A lot of elastic fibers.
264.
265.
266.
267.
268.
269.
270.
271.
C. Subdural space.
D. A lot of reticular fibers.
E. *Loose connective tissue.
What does axon of cerebellar basket cell form?
A. Moss like fibers.
B. Climbing fibers.
C. Efferent ways.
D. Projective fibers.
E. *Basket around Purkinje cell body.
Which tissue does dura mater of the brain consist of?
A. A lot of elastic fibers.
B. Loose connective tissue.
C. Subdural space.
D. A lot of reticular fibers.
E. *Dense connective tissue.
Granular type of brain cortex has:
A. Well developed molecular layer.
B. Well developed pyramidal layer.
C. Well developed multiform cells layer.
D. Poorly developed granular layers.
E. *Well developed granular layers.
What does gray matter of brain include?
A. Nerve fibers.
B. Gliocytes.
C. Modules.
D. Processes of nerve cells.
E. *Cortex and subcortical nuclei.
Arrangement of cells in gray matter of brain:
A. Nerve fibers.
B. Gliocytes.
C. Modules.
D. Processes of nerve cells.
E. *Cortex and subcortical nuclei.
What does gray matter of nervous system mainly consist of?
A. Gliocytes.
B. Modules.
C. Axons.
D. Dendrites.
E. *Nerve cells perikaryons.
Which tissue pia mater of the brain consist of?
A. Dense connective tissue.
B. A lot of elastic fibers.
C. Subdural space.
D. A lot of reticular fibers.
E. *Loose connective tissue.
Which structures does white matter of nervous system mainly consist of?
A. Nerve cells perikaryons.
272.
273.
274.
275.
276.
277.
278.
279.
B. Gliocytes.
C. Modules.
D. Reflex arcs.
E. *Processes of nerve cells.
What is cytoarchitectonic of brain?
A. Location of nerve fibers.
B. Location of the glial cells.
C. D. Location of the reflex arc.
D. Brain structure.
E. *Regular location of nerve cells in the brain cortex
What is myelin function in the central nerve system?
A. Electroisolation.
B. Protective function.
C. Makes nerve cells processes stronger.
D. Cytoskeleton.
E. *Transmission of nerve impulses.
What is myeloarchitectonic?
A. Location of nerve cells in the brain cortex.
B. Location of the glial cells.
C. Location of the reflex arc.
D. Brain structure.
E. *Regular location of nerve fibers in the brain cortex.
What is the location of large stellate cells in cerebellar cortex?
A. Ganglionic layer.
B. Granular layer.
C. Multiform layer.
D. Pyramidal.
E. *Molecular layer.
What is the location of parasympathetic centers?
A. In brain cortex.
B. In cerebellum.
C. Nuclei intermediolateralis T1-L2.
D. 1,2 cranial nerves nuclei.
E. *Nuclei intermediolateralis L3-S2.
What is the location of parasympathetic centers?
A. In brain cortex.
B. In cerebellum.
C. Nuclei intermediolateralis T1-L2.
D. Nuclei intermediomedialis T1-L2.
E. *3, 7, 9, 10 cranial nerves nuclei.
What is the location of small stellate cells in cerebellar cortex?
A. Ganglionic layer.
B. Granular layer.
C. Multiform layer.
D. Pyramidal.
E. *Molecular layer.
What is the location of sympathetic centers?
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A. In brain cortex.
B. In cerebellum.
C. 3, 7, 9, 10 cranial nerves nuclei.
D. Nuclei intermediolateralis L3-S2.
E. *Nuclei intermediolateralis T1-L2.
What is the location of basket cells in cerebellar cortex?
A. Ganglionic layer.
B. Granular layer.
C. Multiform layer.
D. Pyramidal layer.
E. *Molecular layer.
What is the location of corn cells in cerebellar cortex?
A. Molecular layer upper part.
B. Ganglionic layer.
C. Multiform layer.
D. Molecular layer lower part.
E. *Granular layer.
What is the location of Golgi cells in cerebellar cortex?
A. Molecular layer upper part.
B. Ganglionic layer.
C. Multiform layer.
D. Molecular layer lower part.
E. *Granular layer.
What is the location of the Purkinje cells in cerebellar cortex?
A. Molecular layer.
B. Granular layer.
C. Multiform layer.
D. Pyramidal layer.
E. *Ganglionic layer.
What is the main peculiarity of the autonomic reflex arc?
A. Sensory pseudounipolar cell.
B. Multipolar associative neuron.
C. Multipolar efferent neuron.
D. Neurons location in the spinal cord.
E. *Two neurons in the efferent part.
What is the morphofunctional unite of the brain cortex?
A. Neuron.
B. Gliocyte.
C. Reflex arc.
D. Astrocyte.
E. *Module.
What is the most typical shape of nerve cells in the brain cortex?
A. Horizontal.
B. Basket-like.
C. Corn cells.
D. Irregular.
E. *Pyramidal.
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What is the most typical shape of nerve cells in the cerebellum?
A. Pyramidal.
B. Stellate.
C. Corn cells.
D. Horizontal.
E. *Pears- like Purkinje cells.
What is the principal functional structure of the nervous system activity?
A. Neuron.
B. Gliocyte.
C. Module.
D. Astrocyte.
E. *Reflex arc.
What is special shape of Betz cells?
A. Ovall.
B. Stellate.
C. Corn cells.
D. Irregular.
E. *Pyramidal.
What is the shape of brain module?
A. Round.
B. Pyramidal.
C. Triangular.
D. Rectangular.
E. *Cylindrical.
What is the shape of the Purkinje cell body?
A. Stellate.
B. Pyramidal.
C. Horizontal.
D. Multiform.
E. *Oval.
What is embryonic source of central nervous system origin?
A. Prehordal lamina.
B. Dorsal mesoderm.
C. Ganglionic plate.
D. Placods.
E. *Neural tube.
What is structural type of first neuron of simple autonomic reflex arc?
A. Unipolar.
B. Bipolar.
C. Multipolar.
D. Basket cell-like
E. *Pseudounipolar.
What is functional type of second neuron of simple autonomic reflex arc
A. Motor.
B. Sensory.
C. Activating.
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arc?
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D. Inhibiting.
E. *Associative.
What is the functional type of third neuron of simple autonomic reflex
A. Associative.
B. Sensory.
C. Activating.
D. Inhibiting.
E. *Effector.
What kind of fibers do you know in the brain?
A. Projective, inner.
B. Associative, complex.
C. Outer projective.
D. Connective.
E. *Commissural, projective, associative.
What kinds of neurons are located in the intramural ganglion?
A. Purkinje cells.
B. Bets cells.
C. Bipolar cells.
D. Unipolar cells.
E. *3 types of Dogel cells.
What does intramural ganglion consist of?
A. Purkinje cells.
B. Bets cells.
C. Pyramidal cells.
D. Unipolar cells.
E. *3 types of Dogel cells.
Where does axon of Betz cell arise from?
A. From apical part.
B. From the left side.
C. From the right side.
D. From dendrite.
E. *From the basic part of cell.
Which cells are myelin producers in the central nerve system?
A. Microglial cells.
B. Ependymal cells.
C. Protoplasmic astrocytes.
D. Fibrous astrocytes.
E. *Oligodendrocytes.
Myelin in central nerve system is produced by?
A. Glial macrophages.
B. Ependymal cells.
C. Protoplasmic astrocytes.
D. Fibrous astrocytes.
E. *Oligodendrocytes.
Which cells are present in molecular layer of cerebellar cortex?
A. Betz cells.
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B. Purkinje cells.
C. Golgi cells.
D. Corn cells.
E. *Basket cells and stellate cells.
Which cells axons produce the pyramidal way?
A. Spindle-like cells.
B. Granular cells.
C. Stellate cells.
D. Horizontal cells.
E. *Pyramidal cells of Betz.
Which cells form the efferent fibers of cerebellum?
A. Betz cells.
B. Basket cells.
C. Golgi cells.
D. Corn cells.
E. Purkinje cells.
Which cells predominate in ganglionic layer of brain cortex?
A. Horizontal.
B. Small pyramidal.
C. Corn cells.
D. Large pyramidal.
E. *Middle-sized pyramidal.
Which cells predominate in pyramidal layer of brain cortex?
A. Horizontal cells.
B. Small pyramidal cells.
C. Corn cells.
D. Large pyramidal cells.
E. *Middle-sized pyramidal.
Agranular cortex has next well prominent layers:
A. 2, 4.
B. 1, 2, 3.
C. 2, 5.
D. 4, 6.
E. 3*, 5, 6.
Granular cortex has next well prominent layers:
A. 1, 2.
B. 2, 3.
C. 3, 4.
D. 5, 6.
E. *2, 4.
Which organ belongs to central nerve system?
A. Dorsal root ganglion..
B. Nerve.
C. Nerve ganglion.
D. Nerve plexus.
E. *Brain.
Which organ belongs to central nerve system?
A. Dorsal root ganglion.
B. Nerve.
C. Nerve ganglion.
D. Nerve plexus.
E. *Spinal cord.
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Which part of central nervous system has layers of neurocytes ,
including cells of the following forms: stellate, fusiform, horizontal,
pyramidal?
A. Cerebellum.
B. Hypothalamus.
C. Retina.
D. Spinal node.
E. *Large hemispheres.
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Which structures are formed by Purkinje cells axons?
A. Afferent ways.
B. Cerebellar glomeruli.
C. Mosslike fibers.
D. Climbing fibers.
E. *Efferent ways.
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Which structures are interconnected by associative fibers?
A. Subcortical nuclei.
B. Brain and spinal cord.
C. Two hemispheres.
D. Cortex and lower portions of nervous system.
E. *Cells of one hemisphere.
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Which structures are interconnected by commissural fibers?
A. Subcortical nuclei.
B. Brain and spinal cord.
C. Cortex and lower portions of nervous system.
D. Cells of one hemisphere.
E. *Two hemispheres.
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Which structures are interconnected by the projective fibers?
A. Subcortical nuclei.
B. Brain and spinal cord.
C. Two hemispheres.
D. Cells of one hemisphere.
E. *Cortex and lower portions of nervous system.
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Auditary ossicles consist of:
A. Epithelium.
B. Muscular tissue.
C. Compact bony tissue
D. Dense connective tissue
E. *Fibrous bony tissue
External layer of choroid of eye:
A. Choriocapillary.
B. Bruch’s membrane.
C. Basement membrane.
D. Epithelial.
E. *Suprachoroid.
Hair cells of organ of Corti are mainly responsible for:
A. Circular acceleration detection
B. Linear acceleration detection
C. Direction of gravity detection
D. Static position detection
E. *Sound detection
Middle layer of tympanic membrane is:
A. Stratified nonkeratinized epithelium
B. Stratified keratinized epithelium
C. Basement membrane
D. Simple cuboidal epithelium
E. *Fibrocollagenous tissue
Inner hair cells of organ of Corti are supported by:
A. Outer phalangeal cells
B. Outer supporting cells
C. Outer boarder cells
D. Pillar cells
E. *Inner phalangeal cells
Inner tunnel of organ of Corti is made by:
A. Outer phalangeal cells
B. Inner phalangeal cells
C. Outer supporting cells
D. Outer boarder cells
E. *Pillar cells
Iris is derivative of:
A. Conjunctiva
B. Tunica fibrosa
C. Retina
D. Cornea
E. *Choroid (uvea)
Location of amacrine cells in retina:
A. Layer of nerve fibers
B. Outer nuclear layer
C. Inner plexiform layer
D. Ganglion cells layer
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E. *Inner nuclear layer
Location of horizontal cells in retina:
A. Layer of nerve fibers
B. Outer nuclear layer
C. Inner plexiform layer
D. Ganglion cells layer
E. *Inner nuclear layer
Inner ear macula of saccule is mainly responsible for:
A. Circular acceleration detection.
B. Linear acceleration detection.
C. Direction of gravity detection.
D. Sound detection.
E. *Static position detection.
Main function of cornea:
A. Protective.
B. Accommodative.
C. Visual.
D. Sensory.
E. *Dioptric.
Outer hair cells of organ of Corti are supported by:
A. Inner phalangeal cells.
B. Outer supporting cells.
C. Outer boarder cells.
D. Pillar cells.
E. *Outer phalangeal cell.
Second layer of choroid of eye:
A. Stromal layer.
B. Bruch’s membrane.
C. Basement membrane.
D. Epithelial.
E. *Vascular layer.
Third layer of choroid of eye:
A. Stromal layer.
B. Basement membrane.
C. Epithelial.
D. Bruch’s membrane.
E. *Choriocapillary.
What does complex of Bruch of eye choroid consist of?
A. Flat pigmental cells.
B. Dendrites of sensory cells, axons of sensory cells.
C. Nerve cells bodies.
D. Zone of glial cells adherent junctions.
E. 2 basement membranes, 2 layers of collagen fibers and layer of
elastic fibers.
What does pigmental layer of retina consist of?
A. Dendrites of sensory cells.
B. Nerve cells bodies.
C. Optic nerve fibers.
D. Zone of glial cells adherent junctions.
E. *Flat pigmental cells.
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What does transparency of cornea mainly depend on?
A. Presence of epithelium.
B. Presence of Bowman’s membrane.
C. Absence of vessels.
D. Special shape of fibers.
E. *Chemical composition of proper substance
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What is the type of ceruminous glands?
A. Modified lacrimal glands.
B. Modified sweat gland.
C. Serous glands.
D. Mucous glands.
E. *Modified sebaceous glands.
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Which special structure lines anterior surface of eye?
A. Bowman’s membrane.
B. Descemet’s membrane.
C. Basement membrane.
D. Connective tissue.
E. *Conjunctiva.
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Which structure covers ampullary crests of inner ear?
A. Basilar membrane.
B. Stria vascularis.
C. Vestibular membrane.
D. Tectorial membrane.
E. *Otolithic membrane.
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Which structure lies over hair cells of organ of Corti?
A. Basilar membrane.
B. Stria vascularis.
C. Vestibular membran.
D. Otolithic membrane.
E. *Tectorial membrane.
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Which type of sense organs does taste organ belong to?
A. Primary sensory.
B. Tertiary sensory.
C. Propriosensory.
D. Receptors.
E. Secondary sensory.
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Violation of which structures of cochlear organ disorders of high
frequency sounds detection are due to?
A. Middle ear muscles.
B. Eustachian tube.
C. Basillar membrane of cochlear duct near helikotreme.
D. Tympanic membrane.
E. *Basillar membrane of cochlear duct near oval window.
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Ampullary crests of inner ear are mainly responsible for:
A. Inear acceleration detection.
B. Direction of gravity detection.
C. Static position detection.
D. Sound detection.
E. *Circular acceleration detection.
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Which structures of audiovestibular organ are probably dameged in the
case of disorders of angular (circular) acceleration detection?
A. Otolith receptor cells.
B. Vestibulocohlear nerve fibers.
C. Lateral vestibular nuclei of Deyters.
D. Tractus vestibulospinalis.
E. *Receptor cells of semicircular ducts.
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At night (in darkness) melanosomes in pigmental cells of retina are
localized:
A. In processes.
B. In bodies and processes.
C. Between cells.
D. Out of cells.
E. *In bodies.
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Auricle mainly consists of:
A. Skin.
B. Hyaline cartilage.
C. Fibrous cartilage.
D. Bony tissue.
E. *Elastic cartilage.
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Choroid of eye consists of:
A. Sclera and cornea.
B. Sclera and retina.
C. Cornea and retina.
D. Blind and visual retina.
E. *Iris, ciliary body and proper choroid.
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Choroid of the eye mainly consists of:
A. Nerve tissue
B. Epithelial tissue
C. Muscular tissue
D. Chondroid tissue
E. *Connective tissue
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Function of which functional apparatus of eye is damaged most of all
under mechanical trauma of ciliary body?
A. Photosensory.
B. Dioptric.
C. Protective.
D. Trophic.
E. *Accomodative.
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Colour vision of patient is broken. Disorders of which structures of the
eye is it due to?
A. Rod cells.
B. Bipolar cell.
C. Amacrine cells.
D. Horizontal cells.
E. *Cone cells.
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What is the the most probable reason of blindness in retinal detachment?
A. Damage of photoreceptor neuron.
B. Damage of bipolar neuron.
C. Damage of ganglionic neuron.
D. Optic nerve damage.
E. *Disorders of retina norishment.
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Peripheral portion of cell have outer and inner segment. Outer segment
has membranous semidiscs, inner one – ellipsoid. What is this organ?
A. Taste organ.
B. Smell organ.
C. Vestibular organ.
D. Cochlear (hearing).
E. *Visual organ.
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Eustachian tube conects the tympanic cavity with:
A. Oral cavity
B. Larynx.
C. Farynx.
D. Subarachnoid space.
E. *Nasal cavity.
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External ear includes:
A. Tympanic membrane and ossicles.
B. Eustachian tube.
C. Tympanic cavity and ossicles.
D. Bony and membranous labyrynth.
E. *Auricle, external auditory tube, tympanic membrane.
351.
External layer of cornea consists of next tissue:
A. Simple squamous epithelium.
B. Fibrous connective tissue.
C. Loose connective tissue.
D. Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium.
E. *Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium
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Outer surface of cornea is lined with:
A. Simple squamous epithelium.
B. Fibrous connective tissue.
C. Mucous membrane.
D. Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium.
E. *Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium.
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Functional groups of cells in organ of Corty:
A. Upper and lower.
B. Large and small.
C. Outer and inner.
D. Anterior and posterior.
E. *Sensory and supporting.
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Groups of cells in organ of Corty due to their location:
A. Upper and lower.
B. Large and small.
C. Sensory and supporting.
D. Anterior and posterior.
E. *Outer and inner.
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Which structural component of the eye has three layers of nerve cells
(outer, inner and ganglionic layers)?
A. Iris.
B. Sclera.
C. Uveal tract.
D. Ciliary body.
E. *Retina.
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How many cone cells are there in retina?
A. 1 million
B. 2 millions
C. 10 millions
D. 120 millions
E. *6 millions
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How many layers are there in iris?
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 6.
E. *5.
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How many layers are there in retina?
A. 3.
B. 6.
C. 8.
D. 12.
E. *10.
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How many layers are there in the cornea?
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
E. *5.
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How many layers of nerve cells bodies are there in retina ?
A. 6.
B. 8.
C. 10.
D. 12.
E. *3.
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How many rod cells are there in retina?
A. 1 million.
B. 2 millions.
C. 6 millions.
D. 10 millions.
E. *120 million.s
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Which tunic of eye has a lot of closely packed connective tissue
lamellae. ?
A. Sclera.
B. Uveal tract.
C. Retina.
D. Iris.
E. *Cornea.
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Outer segment of retinal cell has membranous discs. What is this cell?
A. Cone cell.
B. Hair cell.
C. Deyters cell.
D. Ganglion cell.
E. *Rod cell.
364.
In histologic specimen beconcaved structure is connected with ciliary
body by ciliary fibers. What is this structure?
A. Ciliary body.
B. Vitreus body.
C. Cornea.
D. Sclera.
E. *Lens.
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In histologic specimen of fetal eyeball it is seen damaged retina. Which
embryonic germ layer probably was broken?
A. Endoderm
B. Mesoderm.
C. Outer layer of eye glass.
D. Inner layer of eye glass.
E. Ectoderm.
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Which cells are responsible for regeneration of stratified squamous
epithelium of cornea?
A. Cells of stratum spinosum.
B. Fibroblasts.
C. Fibrocytes.
D. Lymphocytes.
E. *Basal epitheliocytes.
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In light melanosomes in pigmental cells of retina are localized:
A. In bodies.
B. In bodies and processes.
C. Between cells.
D. Out of cells.
E. *In processes.
368.
Inner ear includes:
A. Tympanic membrane.
B. Eustachian tube.
C. Auricle, external auditory tube.
D. Tympanic cavity and ossicles.
E. *Bony and membranous labyrynth.
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Inner surface of tympanic membrane of ear is covered by:
A. Stratified squamous epithelium.
B. Pseudostratified epithelium.
C. Simple cuboidal epithelium.
D. Simple columnar epithelium.
E. *Simple squamous epithelium.
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Innermost layer of choroid of eye:
A. Stromal layer.
B. Choriocapillary.
C. Basement membrane.
D. Epithelial.
E. *Bruch’s membrane.
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Innermost layer of cornea consists of next tissue:
A. Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium.
B. Fibrous connective tissue.
C. Loose connective tissue.
D. Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium.
E. Simple squamous epithelium.
372.
Limiting membranes of retina are derivatives of:
A. Epithelial cells.
B. Rod cells.
C. Cone cells.
D. Pigmental cells.
E. *Gliocytes (Muller cells).
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Longterm antibiotic treatment with some drugs (streptomicinum) may
cause deafness. Structure and function of which cells is violated in such case?
A. Pillar cells.
B. Deyters cells.
C. Hensen cells.
D. Claudius cells.
E. *Hair cells.
374.
Inner ear macula of utricle is mainly responsible for:
A. Circular acceleration detection.
B. Gravity detection.
C. Static position detection.
D. Sound detection.
E. *Linear acceleration detection.
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Main function of pigmental layer cells of retina:
A. Melanin synthesis.
B. Limiting.
C. Lining.
D. Separate.
E. *Reverse the light.
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Main function of tunica fibrosa of eye:
A. Accommodative.
B. Visual.
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C. Sensory.
D. Dioptric.
E. Protective.
Membranous labyrinth of vestibulum includes:
A. Tympanic membrane.
B. Auricle, external auditory tube.
C. Semicircular canals.
D. Cochlear labyrinth.
E. *Saccule and utricle.
Middle (main) layer of cornea consists of next tissue:
A. Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium.
B. Simple squamous epithelium.
C. Loose connective tissue.
D. Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium.
E. *Fibrous connective tissue.
Middle ear includes:
A. Tympanic membrane.
B. Eustachian tube.
C. Auricle, external auditory tube.
D. Bony and membranous labyrynth.
E. *Tympanic cavity and ossicles.
Certify in order the layers of cornea:
A. Inner epithelium, Bowman’s membrane, susbstantia propria,
Descemet’s membrane, outer epithelium.
B. Outer epithelium, susbstantia propria, Descemet’s membrane,
Bowman’s membrane, inner epithelium.
C. Outer epithelium, Descemet’s membrane, Bowman’s membrane,
susbstantia propria, inner epithelium.
D. Bowman’s membrane, susbstantia propria, Descemet’s membrane,
outer epithelium, inner epithelium.
E. *Outer epithelium, Bowman’s membrane, susbstantia propria,
Descemet’s membrane, inner epithelium.
Certify, please, receptive functional apparatus of eye.
A. Dyoptric.
B. Secretory.
C. Contractile.
D. Accomodative.
E. *Sensory.
Optic nerve consists of:
A. Axons of rod cells.
B. Axons of cone cells.
C. Axons of horizontal cells.
D. Axons of amacrine cells.
E. *Axons of ganglion cells.
Organ of Corty lies in:
A. Tympanic membrane.
B. Saccule and utricle.
C. Auricle, external auditory tube.
D. Semicircular canals.
E. Cochlear duct.
384.
Outer epithelium of tympanic membrane:
A. Stratified keratinized epithelium.
B. Simple squamous epithelium.
C. Simple cuboidal epithelium.
D. Basal epithelium.
E. *Stratified nonkeratinized epithelium.
385.
Outer surface of tympanic membrane is covered by:
A. Simple squamous epithelium.
B. Pseudostratified epithelium.
C. Simple cuboidal epithelium.
D. Simple columnar epithelium
E. *Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium.
386.
Epithelium of which type is damaged first of all in the case of trauma of
cornea?
A. Pseudostratified.
B. Stratified squamous keratinized.
C. Stratified cuboidal.
D. Stratified cylindrical.
E. *Stratified squamous nonkeratinized.
387.
Patient is blind at the middle of field of. Which structure of the eye is
damaged?
A. Uveal tract.
B. Ciliary portion of retina.
C. Iridial portion of retina.
D. Blind spot.
E. *Yellow spot.
388.
Patient is colour blinded (could not recognize blue and green colours)
but has normal twilight vision. Which structures of retina are probably
damaged?
A. Rod cells.
B. Bipolar cells.
C. Amacrine cells.
D. Horizontal cells.
E. *Cone cells.
389.
Patient has right optic nerve trauma. Which neurons of retina are
damaged?
A. Bipolar associative.
B. Photoreceptor.
C. Horizontal associativ.
D. Amacrine associative.
E. *Ganglionic.
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Perikaryons of amacrine cells of retina lie in:
A. Pigmental layer.
B. Outer nuclear layer.
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C. Ganglion cell layer.
D. Photoreceptor layer.
E. *Inner nuclear layer.
Perikaryons of associative bipolar cells of retina lie in:
A. Pigmental layer.
B. Outer nuclear layer.
C. Ganglion cell layer.
D. Photoreceptor layer.
E. *Inner nuclear layer.
Perikaryons of associative multipolar of retina cells lie in:
A. Pigmental layer.
B. Outer nuclear layer.
C. Inner nuclear layer.
D. Photoreceptor layer.
E. *Ganglion cell layer.
Perikaryons of cone cells lie in:
A. Pigmental layer.
B. Inner nuclear layer.
C. Ganglion cell layer.
D. Photoreceptor layer.
E. *Outer nuclear layer.
Perikaryons of horizontal cells of retina lie in:
A. Pigmental layer.
B. Outer nuclear layer.
C. Ganglion cell layer.
D. Photoreceptor layer.
E. *Inner nuclear layer.
Perikaryons of rod cells lie in:
A. Pigmental layer.
B. Inner nuclear layer.
C. Ganglion cell layer.
D. Photoreceptor layer.
E. Outer nuclear layer.
Which receptors could not be formed after embryonic placodes damage?
A. Macula of saccule.
B. Macula of utricle.
C. Ampular crests.
D. Spiral (Corty’s organ) of cochlea.
E. *Utricle and saccule maculae, ampular crests and Corty’s organ.
Principal function of iris:
A. Dioptric.
B. Visual.
C. Sensory.
D. Contractile.
E. *Diaphragm of eye.
Principal function of lens:
A. Accomodative.
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B. Sensory.
C. Protective.
D. Contractile.
E. *Refractive.
Principal function of pigmental layer of retina:
A. Lining.
B. Protective.
C. Structural.
D. Nutritive.
E. *Light refraction.
Principal refractive (dyoptric) media of the eye:
A. Sclera and cornea.
B. Sclera, lens, vitreus body
C. Cornea, retina, lens.
D. Aqueous humour, lens, retina.
E. *Cornea, aqueous humour, lens, vitreus body.
Sensory cells of sensoepithelial organ originate from:
A. Nerve tissue.
B. Muscular tissue.
C. Connective tissue.
D. Fibrous tissue.
E. *Epithelial tissue.
Sensory cells of neurosensory organ originate from:
A. Epithelial tissue.
B. Muscular tissue.
C. Connective tissue.
D. Fibrous tissue.
E. *Nerve tissue.
Sensory crests lie in:
A. Tympanic cavity.
B. Saccule and utricle.
C. External auditory tube.
D. Cochlear labyrinth.
E. *Semicircular canals.
Sensory maculae lie in:
A. Tympanic cavity.
B. External auditory tube.
C. Cochlear labyrinth.
D. Semicircular canals.
E. *Saccule and utricle.
Special feature of cone cell dendrite:
A. Is thin.
B. Is thick.
C. Has membranous discs.
D. Has rhodopsin.
E. *Has membranous semidiscs.
Special feature of hair cells of organ of Corti
A. Microvilli.
B. Stereocilia and kinocilium.
C. Flagella.
D. Microvilli and kinocilium.
E. *Sterocilia.
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Special feature of rod cell dendrite:
A. Is thin..
B. Is thick.
C. Has rodopsin.
D. Has membranous semidiscs.
E. *Has membranous discs.
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Special inclusion of cone cell:
A. Glycogen.
B. Rhodopsin.
C. Melanin.
D. Lutein.
E. *Iodopsin.
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Special inclusion of rod cell:
A. Glycogen.
B. Melanin.
C. Lutein.
D. Iodopsin.
E. *Rhodopsin.
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Special structures of tympanic cavity:
A. Otolithic membrane.
B. Crests.
C. Cupula.
D. Semicircular canals.
E. *Malleus, stapes, uncus.
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The blind spot of the eye:
A. Is also known as the fowea spot.
B. Is the region where retinal veins converge to leave the eye.
C. Is the thickest part of the neural retina.
D. Contains a lot of photoreceptor cells.
E. *Is the region where the axons of the ganglion cells converge and
leave the eye as the optic nerve.
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Which layer of cornea is involved in thorn (white nontrasparent spot)
appearance and prominent dicrease of vision most of all?
A. Posterior corneal epithelium.
B. Anterior limiting membrane.
C. Anterior corneal epithelium.
D. Posterior limiting membrane.
E. *Proper substance.
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The fovea (yellow spot) of the eye:
A. Is also known as the blind spot.
B. Is the region where the axons of the ganglion cells converge and
leave the eye as the optic nerve.
C. Is the region where retinal veins converge to leave the eye.
D. Contains no photoreceptive cells.
E. *Is the thinnest part of the neural retina.
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The inner layer of cornea consists of:
A. Stratified keratinized epithelium.
B. Connective tissue.
C. Stratified nonkeratinized epithelium.
D. Pseudostratified epithelium.
E. *Simple squamous epithelium.
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Tissue of outer layer of cornea is the next:
A. Stratified keratinized epithelium.
B. Connective tissue.
C. Pseudostratified epithelium.
D. Simple squamous epithelium.
E. *Stratified nonkeratinized epithelium.
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The structure that serves as the border between the anterior and posterior
chambers of the eye is the:
A. Lens.
B. Zonule.
C. Ora serrata.
D. Vitreous body.
E. *Iris.
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The wall of tympanic cavity is covered by:
A. Stratified keratinized epithelium.
B. Connective tissue.
C. Pseudostratified epithelium.
D. Stratified nonkeratinized epithelium.
E. *Simple squamous epithelium.
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Tympanic cavity is connected with inner ear by:
A. Eustachian tube.
B. Endolymphatic duct.
C. Perilymphatic duct.
D. Helicotrema.
E. *Round and oval windows.
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Tympanic membrane mainly consists of:
A. Epithelial tissue.
B. Muscular tissue.
C. Nervous tissue.
D. Chondroid tissue.
E. *Connective tissue.
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Tympanic membrane principal function:
A. Protective.
B. Structural.
C. Limiting.
D. Nutritive.
E. *To transmit the sound wave in mechanical oscillation.
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What does uveal tract of fetal eyeball originate from?
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A. Ectoderm.
B. Endoderm.
C. Outer layer of eye glass.
D. Inner layer of eye glass.
E. *Mesenchyme.
What are the portions of fibrous tunic of the eye?
A. Sensory and accomodative.
B. Dioptric and sensory.
C. Secretory and sensory.
D. Contructile.
E. *Cornea and sclera.
What are the components of inner ear bony labyrinth?
A. Eustachian tube and cochlea.
B. Semicircular ducts and Eustachian tube.
C. Cochlea and tympanic cavity.
D. Tympanic cavity.
E. *Vestibulum, semicircular ducts, cochlea.
What are the components of inner ear cochlea membranous labyrinth?
A. Saccule, utricle.
B. Vestibulum.
C. Eustachian tube.
D. Semicircular ducts.
E. *Cochlear duct.
What are the inhibiting cells of retina?
A. Rod cells.
B. Associative bipolar cells.
C. Multipolar cells.
D. Cone cells.
E. *Horizontal cells.
What are the inhibiting cells of the retina?
A. Rod cells.
B. Cone cells.
C. Multipolar cells.
D. Ganglionic cells.
E. *Amacrine cells.
What are the neurosensory organs?
A. Audiovestibular organ.
B. Paccinian corpuscle.
C. Taste organ.
D. Receptors.
E. *Visual organ.
What are the neurosensory organs?
A. Audiovestibular organ.
B. Paccinian corpuscle
C. Taste organ.
D. Receptors.
E. *Smell organ.
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What are the sensoepithelial organs?
A. Visual organ.
B. Organ of smell.
C. Paccinian corpuscle.
D. Receptors.
E. *Audiovestibular organ.
What are the sensoepithelial organs?
A. Visual organ.
B. Organ of smell.
C. Paccinian corpuscle.
D. Receptors.
E. *Taste buds.
Which cells of retinaare sensory?
A. Associative bipolar cells.
B. Multipolar cells.
C. Horizontal cells.
D. Amacrine cells.
E. *Rod and cone cells.
What does analisator include?
A. Brain cortex and ganglion.
B. Sense organ and nerve.
C. Nerve and ganglion.
D. Receptor and brain cortex.
E. *Brain cortex, nerve, and sense organ.
What does blind spot of eye mean?
A. Thinnest part of retina with high degree of resolution.
B. Part of retina close to ciliary body.
C. Neural part of retina.
D. Epithelial part of retina.
E. *Part of retina, from which optic nerve arises.
What does external limiting membrane of retina consist of?
A. Flat pigmental cells.
B. Dendrites of sensory cells.
C. Nerve cells bodies.
D. Optic nerve fibers.
E. *Zone of glial cells adherent junctions.
What does ganglion cell layer of retina consist of?
A. Pigmental cells.
B. Rod and cone cells dendrites.
C. Rod and cone cells perikaryons.
D. Bipolar associative cells perikaryon.
E. *Multipolar neurons.
What does inner limiting membrane of retina consist of?
A. Pigmental cells.
B. Rod and cone cells dendrites.
C. Rod and cone cells perikaryons.
D. Multipolar neurons.
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E. *Glial cells processes.
What does inner nuclear layer of retina consist of?
A. Pigmental cells.
B. Rod and cone cells dendrites.
C. Rod and cone cells perikaryons.
D. Multipolar neurons.
E. *Bipolar associative cells perikaryons.
What does outer nuclear layer of retina consist of?
A. Pigmental cells.
B. Rod and cone cells dendrites.
C. Multipolar neurons.
D. Bipolar associative cells perikaryons.
E. *Rod and cone cells perikaryons.
What does inner plexiform layer of retina consist of?
A. Flat pigmental cells.
B. Dendrites of sensory cells.
C. Nerve cells bodies.
D. Optic nerve fibers.
E. *Axons of associative bipolar cells and dendrites of ganglion cells
What does outer plexiform layer of retina consist of?
A. Flat pigmental cells.
B. Dendrites of sensory cells.
C. Nerve cells bodies.
D. Optic nerve fibers.
E. *Axons of rod and cone cells and dendrites of associative bipolar
cells
Internal limiting membrane of retina consists of:
A. Flat pigmental cells.
B. Dendrites of sensory cell.
C. Nerve cells bodies.
D. Optic nerve fibers .
E. *Zone of glial cells adherent junction.
Layer of nerve fibers of retina consists of:
A. Dendrites of sensory cells.
B. Axons of associative bipolar cells.
C. Dendrites of ganglion cells.
D. Axons of sensory cells.
E. *Axons of ganglion cells.
What does lens consist of?
A. Pigmental cells.
B. Epithelial cells.
C. Collagen fibers.
D. Elastic fibers.
E. *Lens fibers.
What does macula of eye bottom mean?
A. Part of retina, from which optic nerve arises.
B. Part of retina close to ciliary body.
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C. Neural part of retina.
D. Epithelial part of retina.
E. *Thinnest part of retina with high degree of resolution.
What does membrane of oval window of inner ear consist of?
A. Epithelium.
B. Muscular tissue.
C. Compact bony tissue.
D. Fibrous tissue.
E. *Dense connective tissu.
What does membrane of round window of inner ear consist of?
A. Epithelium.
B. Muscular tissue.
C. Compact bony tissue.
D. Fibrous tissue.
E. *Dense connective tissue.
Layer of nerve fibers of retina consists of:
A. Pigmental cells processes.
B. Rodand cone cells dendrites.
C. Rod and cone cells axons.
D. Bipolar associative cells processes.
E. *Multipolar neurons axons.
What does organ of Corty recognize?
A. Equilibrium.
B. Gravity.
C. Linear acceleration.
D. Circular acceleration.
E. *Sounds.
Which structures are forming does outer limiting membrane of retina?
A. Pigmental cells.
B. Rod and cone cells dendrites.
C. Rod and cone cells perikaryons.
D. Multipolar neurons.
E. *Glial cells processes.
Which structures are forming outer nuclear layer of retina?
A. Pigmental cells.
B. Rod and cone cells dendrites.
C. Multipolar neurons.
D. Bipolar associative cells perikaryons.
E. *Rod and cone cells perikaryons.
What structures are mainly placed in outer nuclear layer of retina?
A. Dendrites of sensory cells.
B. Nerve cells bodies.
C. Optic nerve fibers.
D. Glial cells adherent junctions.
E. *Sensory neurons perikaryons.
Which structures are forming outer plexiform layer of retina?
A. Flat pigmental cells.
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B. Dendrites of sensory cells.
C. Nerve cells bodies.
D. Optic nerve fibers.
E. *Axons of rods and cones and dendrites of associative bipolar cells.
Which structures are forming inner plexiform layer of retina?
A. Flat pigmental cells.
B. * dendrites of sensory cells axons of sensory cell.
C. Nerve cells bodies.
D. Optic nerve fibers.
E. *Axons of associative bipolar cells and dendrites of ganglionic cells
Which structures are forming photosensory layer of retina?
A. Pigmental cells.
B. Rod and cone cells perikaryons.
C. Multipolar neurons.
D. Bipolar associative cells perikaryons.
E. *Rod and cone cells dendrites.
Which structures are forming pigmental layer of retina?
A. Rod and cone cells dendrites.
B. Rod and cone cells perikaryons.
C. Multipolar neurons.
D. Bipolar associative cells perikaryon.
E. *Pigmental cells.
What does thickest tunic of sclera consist of?
A. Epithelium.
B. Loose connective tissue.
C. Contructile tissue.
D. Nerve tissue.
E. *Dense connective tissue.
What does sensory crests of inner ear recognize?
A. Equilibrium.
B. Gravity.
C. Linear acceleration.
D. Sounds.
E. *Circular acceleration.
What does middle layer of tympanic membrane of ear mainly consist of?
A. Stratified nonkeratinized epithelium.
B. Stratified keratinized epithelium.
C. Simple squamous epithelium.
D. Basement membrane.
E. *Fibrocollagenous tissue.
Which tissue innermost layer of cornea is lined with?
A. Nerve tissue.
B. Muscular tissue.
C. Connective tissue.
D. Fibrous tissue.
E. *Epithelial tissue.
Certify the innermost tunic of the eye.
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A. Sclera .
B. Iris.
C. Choroid.
D. Pigmental.
E. *Retina.
What does outer tunic of eye consist of?
A. Nerve tissue.
B. Epithelial tissue.
C. Muscular tissue.
D. Loose connective tissue.
E. *Dense connective tissue.
What is outermost tunic of the eye?
A. Retina.
B. Iris.
C. Choroid.
D. Pigmental.
E. *Fibrosa.
What is the middle tunic of the eyeball?
A. Retina.
B. Sclera.
C. Cornea.
D. Pigmental.
E. *Choroid.
What is the embryonic source for origin of lens?
A. Mesoderm.
B. Endoderm.
C. Mesenchyme.
D. Neural tube.
E. *Ectoderm.
What is the embryonic origin of the audiovestibular organ sensory cells?
A. Nervous.
B. Muscular.
C. Fibrous.
D. Mesenchimal.
E. *Epithelial.
What is the principal layer of cornea?
A. Nerve tissue.
B. Epithelial tissue.
C. Muscular tissue.
D. Chondroid tissue.
E. *Proper substance.
What is the shape of outer hair cells of organ of Corti?
A. Flat.
B. Cuboidal.
C. Oval -haped.
D. Poligonal.
E. *Cylindrical.
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What is the shape of inner hair cells of organ of Corti?
A. Flat.
B. Cuboidal.
C. Poligonal.
D. Cylindrical.
E. *Oval -haped.
What is the shape of pigmental cell of retina?
A. Hexagonal.
B. Cuboidal.
C. Columnar.
D. Goblet-like.
E. *Flat with processes.
What is the specific feature of the hearing sensory cells?
A. Flagella.
B. Mitochondria.
C. Ribosomes.
D. Inclusions.
E. *Stereocili.
What is the morphofunctional type of second neuron of retina?
A. Unipolar motor.
B. Bipolar sensory.
C. Multipolar sensory.
D. Bipolar motor.
E. *Bipolar associative.
What is the morphofunctional type of first neuron of retina?
A. Unipolar motor.
B. Multipolar sensory.
C. Bipolar motor.
D. Bipolar associative.
E. *Bipolar sensory.
What is the morphofunctional type of third neuron of retina?
A. Unipolar motor.
B. Bipolar motor.
C. Bipolar associativ.
D. Bipolar sensory.
E. *Multipolar associative.
What kind of cells is responsible for the black-white vision?
A. Cone cell.
B. Multipolar cell.
C. Horizontal cell.
D. Amacrin cell.
E. *Rod cell.
What kind of cells is responsible for the color vision?
A. Multipolar cell.
B. Horizontal cell.
C. Amacrin cell.
D. Rod cell.
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E. *Cone cell.
What kind of tissue does pigmental layer of the retina consist of?
A. Connective.
B. Muscular.
C. Nerv.e
D. Sensory.
E. *Epithelia.
What kind of tissue does retina mainly consist of?
A. Epithelial.
B. Connective.
C. Muscular.
D. Chondroid.
E. *Nerve.
What kinds of sense organs do you know?
A. Ectodermal, endodermal.
B. Ectodermal, sensoepithelial.
C. Receptors and effectors.
D. Sensory, endodermal.
E. *Neurosensory, sensoepithelial, nerve endings
Which portions of retina do You know?
A. Central and peripheral.
B. Principal and additional.
C. Simple and complex.
D. Thin and thick.
E. Visual and blind.
Which special structures are present in pigmental cell of retina?
A. Numerous mitochondria.
B. Rhodopsin.
C. Iodopsin.
D. Glycogen.
E. *Melanosomes.
Which structure lies at the middle of iris?
A. Blood vessels.
B. Muscle.
C. Ciliary body.
D. Lens.
E. *Pupil.
Which structure separates the external and middle ear?
A. Oval window.
B. Round window.
C. Tectorial membrane.
D. Skin.
E. *Tympanic membrane.
Which structure underlies external epithelium of cornea?
A. Dense connective tissue.
B. Descemet’s membrane.
C. Bruch’s membrane.
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D. Bilayered basement membrane.
E. *Bowmen’s membrane.
Which structure underlies internal epithelium of cornea?
A. Dense connective tissue.
B. Bilayered basement membrane.
C. Bruch’s membrane.
D. Bowmen’s membrane.
E. *Descemet’s membrane.
Which tunic of eye does iris belong to?
A. Cornea.
B. Sclera.
C. Visual retina.
D. Blind retina.
E. *Choroid.
Hearing organ belongs to next type of sense organs:
A. Primary sensory.
B. Tertiary sensory.
C. Proprio sensory.
D. Receptors.
E. *Secondary sensory.
Ssmell organ belongs to next type of sense organs:
A. Secondary sensory.
B. Tertiary sensory.
C. Proprio sensory.
D. Receptors.
E. *Primary sensory.
Visual organ belongs to next type of sense organs:
A. Secondary sensor.
B. Tertiary sensory.
C. Proprio sensory.
D. Receptors.
E. *Primary sensory.
Vestibular organ belongs to next type of sense organs:
A. Tertiary sensory.
B. Proprio sensory.
C. Receptors.
D. Primary sensory.
E. *Secondary sensory.
Which vessels are usually present in cornea?
A. Arteries.
B. Veins.
C. Capillaries.
D. Lymphatics.
E. *Cornea is vesselsless.
Which structure underlies the inner epithelium of cornea?
A. Connective tissue
B. Bowmen’s membrane.
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C. Brucht’s membrane.
D. Limiting membrane.
E. *Descemet’s membrane.
Which structure underlies the outer epithelium of cornea?
A. Connective tissue.
B. Descemet’s membrane.
C. Brucht’s membrane.
D. Limiting membrane.
E. *Bowmen’s membrane.
Arrangement of myocytes at the end of arteriol:
A. longitudinal
B. radial
C. oblique
D. irregular
E. *circular
Epithelium of which typr does epicardium have?
A. endothelium
B. simple cuboidal
C. stratified nonkeratinized
D. pseudostratified
E. *methothelium
Location of intermediate cells in the heart:
A. in the middle of nodes
B. in bundle of His
C. in Purkinje fiber
D. in myocardium
E. *at the periphery of nodes
Location of pace-makers in the heart?
A. at the periphery of nodes
B. in bundle of His
C. in Purkinje fiber
D. in myocardium
E. *in the middle of nodes
What does “anastomosis” mean?
A. type of artery
B. type of vein
C. lymphatic vessel
D. capillary
E. *short direct junction of arteriole and venule
What does “fibrous vein” mean?
A. small vein
B. large vein
C. medium sized vein
D. vein with collagen fibers
E. *vein without media
What does inner elastic membrane seprate?
A. intima and adventitia of vessel
B. media and adventitia of vessel
C. myocytes of media
D. blood and intima of vessel
E. *intima and media of vessel
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What does muscular tissue of blood vessel originate from?
A. ectoderm
B. endoderm
C. mesoderm
D. notochord
E. *mesenchyme
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What does outer elastic membrane of artery consist of ?
A. collagen fibers
B. reticular fibers
C. muscular fibers
D. nerve fibers
E. *elastic fibers
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What does red colour of myocardium depend on?
A. glycogen inclusions
B. lipid inclusions
C. blood supply
D. myofibrilles
E. *myoglobin
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What does valve of vein consist of?
A. endotheliun and adventitia
B. intima and media
C. intima and adventitia
D. media and adventitia
E. *endothelium and subendothelial layer
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What is function of anastomoses?
A. gases exchanges
B. nutrients supply
C. regulation of blood pressure
D. blood deposition
E. *fast redistribution of blood
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Which structure regulates blood redistribution in epithelioid type of
anastomosis ?
A. circular layer of myocytes of arteriole
B. circular layer of myocytes of venule
C. epithelioid structure of venule
D. capillary
E. *epithelioid structure of anastomosis
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Which tissue covers epicardium?
A. connective
B. muscular
C. nervous
D. reticular
E. epithelial
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Which tissue does epicardium mainly consist of ?
A. epithelial
B. muscular
C. nervous
D. reticular
E. *connective
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Which vessel has well distinct inner and outer elastic membranes ?
A. elastic artery
B. muscular artery
C. muscular vein
D. arteriol
E. *mixed artery
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Which vessel is responsible for regulation of organs blood supply?
A. artery
B. vein
C. capilllary
D. anastomosis
E. *arteriole
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Which type of intercellular junction is responsible for electric juction of
nearest cells?
A. Desmosoma
B. Simple junction
C. Nexus
D. Hemiesmosoma
E. *Tight junction
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Patient with endocarditis has pathology of heart valves. What does heart
valve consist of?
A. Hyalin cartilage, endothelium
B. Loose connective tissue, endothelium
C. Cardiac muscular tissue, endothelium
D. Elastic cartilage, endothelium
E. *Dense connective tissue, endothelium
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Electron micrograph of myocardium shows cells with processes with a
few organelles but well develooped rough endoplasmic reticulum and secretory
granules. What are these cells?
A. Cardiomyocytes of ventricles
B. P-cells
C. Transitional conductive cells
D. Cells of His bandle
E. *Secretory cardiomyocytes of atria
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Which structures are responsible for electric interaction of
cardiomyocytes?
A. Hemidesmosomal junction
B. Place of myofibril connection with sarcolemma
C. Intercalated disc
D. Nexus
E. *Tight junction
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Electron micrograph of blood vessel wall shows continuous layer of cells
which lie at the basement membrane and are interconnected by desmosomal
and tight junctions. What are these cells?
A. Mesothelial cells
B. Epidermocytes
C. Epithelioreticular cells
D. “Boarder” macrophages
E. *Endothelial cells
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There is histologic specimen of circulatory system organ. One tunic of
the wall is made up of anastomozing fibers which consits of cells which are
interconnected by intercalated discs. Which organ is present in this specimen?
A. Aorta
B. Muscular artery
C. Muscular vein
D. Arteriole
E. *Heart
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What is the source of reparative regeneration for place with necrosis of
cardiac cells?
A. Myofibrilles
B. Cardiomyocytes
C. Myosatellite cells
D. Intercalated discs
E. *Connective tissue
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16. Histologic specimen shows blood vessel whose wall consists of
endothelium over basement membrane, middle tunic is absent, outer one is
connected with surrounding connective tissue. What is the type of this vessel?
A. Venule
B. Muscular artery
C. Arteriole
D. Elastic artery
E. *Fibrous vein
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Which cardiac cells are producing natriuretic polipeptide?
A. P-cells
B. Transitional cells
C. Purkinje cells
D. Myosatellite cells
E. *Secretory cardiomyocytes
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What is this blood vessel middle tunic has 40-60 fenestrated elastic
membranes.?
A. Nonmuscular vein
B. Muscular vein
C. Muscular artery
D. Mixed artery
E. *Elastic artery
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What are blindended vessels?
A. Hemocapillary
B. Arteries
C. Veins
D. Venules
E. *Lymphatic capillary
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Which structural components of wall of the arteries are responsible for
contraction?
A. Elastic fibers
B. Collagen fibers
C. Endotheliocytes
D. Lipocytes
E. *Smooth myocytes
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Which cells are pacemaker cells producing impulses for myocardium
contractions?
A. Transitional cells of atrioventricular node
B. Conductive cardiomyocytes atrioventricular bandle of His
C. Conductive cardiomyocytes of Purkinje fibers
D. Typical cardiomyocytes
E. *Pacemaker (P-cells) of sinoatrial node
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Which cells of sino-atrial node are pace makers for rhythm 60-65 per
minute?
A. Secretory cardiomyocytes
B. Purkinje cells
C. Myosatellite cells
D. Transitional cells
E. *P-cells
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Which cells of heart produce atrial natriuretic factor?
A. P-cells
B. Transitional cells
C. Purkinje cells
D. Myosatellite cells
E. *Secretory cardiomyocytes
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What is type of blood vessel middle tunica of which is thickest, consists
of smooth myocytes and has no elastic membranes?
A. Muscular artery
B. Elastic artery
C. Mixed artery
D. Arteriole
E. *Muscular vein
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What cells of heart wall under the endocardium consist of peripheral
nuclei, few organelles and irregularly placed myofibrilles?
A. Secretory cardiomyocytes
B. Contractile cardiomyocytes
C. Smooth myocytes
D. Striated myocytes
E. *Conductive cardiomyocytes
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What is name of microcirculatory bed blood vessel containg of 1-2
layers of spiraly arranged smooth myocytes and longitunal localized
endotheliocytes?
A. Venule
B. Somatic (continuous) capillary
C. Fenestrated capillary
D. Sinusoidal capillary
E. *Arteriole
528.
What is the type of anastomoses connecting arterioles and venules?
A. Hemianastomoses
B. Typical anastomoses with contractile structures
C. Typical simple anastomoses of epithelioid type
D. Typical complex anastomoses of epithelioid type
E. *Typical simple anastomoses
529.
Full blockade of heart appears as a result of heart infarction (atria and
ventricles are contracting asynchronically). Which structures damage is it due
to?
A. Contractile cardiomyocytes of ventricles
B. P-cells of sino-atrial node
C. * Conductive cardiomyocytes of His bandle
D. N.vagus fibers
E. Sympathetic fibers
530.
After heart attack (infarction) some cardiac cells had dying. Which type
of regeneration will take place here?
A. physiological
B. * reparative
C. partial
D. pathological
E. partial
531.
After heart attack (infarction) some cardiac cells had dead. Which tissue
will replace these cells?
A. muscular
B. skeletal
C. epithelial tissue
D. nervous
E. * loose connective tissue
532.
Artery in slide usually has shape:
A. * round
B. flattened
C. Crectangular
D. hexagonal
E. regular
533.
Blood vessel wall is innervated by:
A. somatic nervous system
B. not innervated
C. by itself
D. * autonomic nervous system
E. parasympathetic nervous system
534.
Capillaries of which type are present in endocrine glands?
A. * fenestrated (visceral, discontinuous)
535.
536.
537.
538.
539.
540.
541.
542.
B. somatic (continuous)
C. sinusoids
D. mixed
E. small
Capillaries of which type are present in haemopoietic organs?
A. visceral (discontinuous)
B. somatic (continuous)
C. * sinusoids
D. mixed
E. large
Capillaries of which type are present in muscles?
A. visceral (discontinuous)
B. * somatic (continuous)
C. sinusoids
D. mixed
E. small
Cardiomyocytes are arranged in row and connected by:
A. adhesion
B. desmosomes
C. * intercalated discs
D. gap junctions
E. nexuses
Disorders of which heart structures may cause arythmy?
A. contractile cells
B. * secretory cells
C. epicardium
D. conductive system
E. pericardium
Disposition of myofibrilles in conductive cardiomyocyte:
A. arranged in groups
B. in poles of cell
C. arround nucleus
D. at the center
E. * irregular
Disposition of myofibrilles in contractile cardiomyocyte:
A. arranged in groups
B. in poles of cell
C. * arround nucleus
D. at the center
E. irregular
Elastic fibers of aorta could be stained with:
A. hematoxylin
B. eosin
C. iron hematoxylin
D. sudan
E. * orcein
Endocardium is nutrited from:
543.
544.
545.
546.
547.
548.
549.
A. “vasa vasorum”
B. * blood of heart chambers
C. coronary arteries
D. arteries of pericardium
E. lymphatics
Epithelium of which type coveres endocardium?
A. superficial
B. simple and compound
C. * endothelium
D. transitional
E. cuboidal
Epithelium of which type coveres pericardium?
A. superficial
B. endothelium
C. * mesothelium
D. transitional
E. cuboidal
Epithelium of which typr does pericardium have?
A. * methothelium
B. endothelium
C. simple cuboidal
D. stratified nonkeratinized
E. pseudostratified
Fenestrated (visceral) hemocapillary has:
A. * fenestrations in endothelium and continuous basement membrane
B. unfenestrated endothelium and continuous basement membrane
C. fenestrated endothelium and discontinuous basement membrane
D. unfenestrated endothelium and continuous basement membrane
E. fenestrated endothelium and continuous basement membrane
Heart valves are derivatives of:
A. * endocardium
B. myocardium
C. epicardium
D. pericardium
E. skeleton of heart
Heart valves originate from:
A. * endocardium
B. myocardium
C. pericardium
D. epicardium
E. blood vessels
Heart wall consists of:
A. endocardium, muscular
B. endocardium, serous
C. myocardium
D. * endocardium, myocardium, epicardiun
E. myocardium and pericardium
550.
551.
552.
553.
554.
555.
556.
557.
How many tunics are there in the blood vessel wall?
A. 1
B. 2
C. * 3
D. 4
E. 5
Indicate hemodynamic conditions in aorta:
A. * high speed and blood pressure
B. slight flow
C. low pressure
D. turbulent movement of blood
E. interrupted movement
Indicate hemodynamic conditions in vein:
A. high speed and blood pressure
B. slight flow
C. * low pressure, slight flow
D. turbulent movement of blood
E. interrupted movement
Indicate the shape of contractile cardiomyocyte.
A. * cylindrical
B. round
C. stellate
D. flat
E. cuboidal
Indicate the type of intercellular junctions between cardiac cells.
A. * intercalated discs
B. tight
C. adhesion
D. desmosomes
E. gap junctions
Indicate the type of myocardium physiologic regeneration.
A. * intracellular
B. cellular
C. full
D. partial
E. abnormal
Indicate the type of myocardium reparative regeneration.
A. * by connective tissue
B. cellular
C. full
D. partial
E. intracellular
Indicate types of arteries
A. muscular and fibrous
B. * muscular, mixed and elastic
C. elastic and fibrous
D. epithelial, muscular
558.
559.
560.
561.
562.
563.
564.
E. epithelial, muscular
Indicate types of veins
A. * muscular and fibrous
B. muscular, mixed and elastic
C. elastic and fibrous
D. epithelial, muscular
E. epithelial, muscular
Intima of artery is nutrited by:
A. vasa vasorum
B. vessels of media
C. elastic membrane
D. * nutrients of bloodstream
E. basement membrane
Intima of blood vessel is covered by:
A. * endothelium
B. cuboidal epithelium
C. columnar epithelium
D. ciliated epithelium
E. connective tissue
Intima of vein is nutrited by:
A. vasa vasorum
B. vessels of media
C. elastic membrane
D. * nutrients of bloodstream
E. basement membrane
Layers of endocardium in order from inside:
A. * endothelium, subendothelial, fibro-muscular, outer connective
tissue layer
B. fibro-muscular, outer connective tissue layer, endothelium,
subendothelial
C. myoepicardial plate, fibro-muscular, outer connective tissue layer
D. endothelium, fibro-muscular, subendothelial, outer connective tissue
layer
E. subendothelial, outer connective tissue layer, endothelium, fibromuscular
Layers of intima
A. * endothelium, subendothelial, inner elastic membrane
B. endothelium, subendothelial
C. subendothelial, inner elastic membrane
D. 2 layers of muscles
E. 2 layers of connective tissue
Location of adventitial cells in the wall of capillary:
A. on basal surface of endotheliocyte
B. in basement membrane
C. inside of basement membrane
D. * outside of basement membrane
E. between pericytes
565.
566.
567.
568.
569.
570.
571.
572.
Location of endotheliocytes in the wall of capillary:
A. in basement membrane
B. * inside of basement membrane
C. outside of basement membrane
D. between pericytes
E. between adventitial cells
Location of fenestra in the endothelium of capillary:
A. in perinuclear zone
B. in nuclear zone
C. * in the peripheral zone
D. on basal surface
E. on adlumenal surface
Location of fenestrated capillaries:
A. muscles
B. skin
C. brain
D. hemopoietic organs
E. * kidney
Location of fibrous vein:
A. * brain meningeas, spleen, placenta
B. brain
C. heart
D. muscles
E. lungs
Location of hormon-producing cells in the heart.
A. endocardium
B. myocardium of ventricles
C. epicardium
D. * myocardium of atria
E. pericardium
Location of nucleus in cardiomyocyte:
A. * centrally
B. under cell membrane
C. arranged in groups
D. in poles of cell
E. absent
Location of pericytes:
A. on basal surface of endotheliocyte
B. on adlumenal surface of endotheliocyte
C. * in basement membrane
D. inside of basement membrane
E. outside of basement membrane
Location of Purkinje cells in the heart:
A. in the middle of nodes
B. at the periphery of nodes
C. in bundle of His
D. * between endocardium and myocardium
573.
574.
575.
576.
577.
578.
579.
580.
E. in myocardium
Location of somatic capillaries:
A. * muscles
B. endocrine glands
C. intestine
D. hemopoietic organs
E. kidney
Location of synosoidal capillaries:
A. muscles
B. endocrine glands
C. intestine
D. * hemopoietic organs
E. kidney
Myocardium is nutrited by:
A. “vasa vasorum”
B. blood of heart chambers
C. * coronary arteries
D. arteries of pericardium
E. lymphatics
Name in order blood vessel wall tunics from inside.
A. mucosa, submucosa, muscular
B. submucosa, muscular
C. epithelial, muscular
D. * intima, media, adventitia
E. epithelial, submucosa, muscular
Cardiomyocytes in muscle fibers are interconnected by:
A. adhesive junctions
B. desmosomes
C. intercalated discs
D. * anastomoses
E. nexuses
Shape of Purkinje fiber conductive cardiomyocytes in cross section:
A. flat
B. cylindrical
C. * oval
D. hexagonal
E. irregular
Sinusoidal hemocapillary has:
A. fenestrations in endothelium and continuous basement membrane
B. unfenestrated endothelium and continuous basement membrane
C. * fenestrated endothelium and discontinuous basement membrane
D. unfenestrated endothelium and continuous basement membrane
E. fenestrated endothelium and continuous basement membrane
Somatic (continuous) hemocapillary has:
A. fenestrations in endothelium and continuous basement membrane
B. * unfenestrated endothelium and continuous basement membrane
C. fenestrated endothelium and discontinuous basement membrane
581.
582.
583.
584.
585.
586.
587.
588.
D. unfenestrated endothelium and continuous basement membrane
E. fenestrated endothelium and continuous basement membrane
Special arrangement of fibers in aorta:
A. in continuous elastic laminae
B. * in fenestrated elastic laminae
C. in continuous collagen laminae
D. in fenestrated collagen laminae
E. irregular
Special feature of hormon-producing cells of heart:
A. glycogen inclusions
B. myoglobin
C. lipids
D. myofibrilles
E. * electron dense granules in cytoplasm
Staiment of blood vessel adventitia:
A. oxyphilic
B. basophilic
C. * light oxyphilic
D. neutrophilic
E. polychromatophilic
Staiment of blood vessel media:
A. * prominent oxyphilic
B. basophilic
C. neutrophilic
D. light oxyphilic
E. polychromatophilic
Staiment of endothelium:
A. oxyphilic
B. eosinophilic
C. * light basophilic
D. neutrophilic
E. polychromatophilic
Staiment of nerve fibers in the blood vessel wall:
A. * silver impregnation
B. impregnation
C. eosin
D. hematoxylin
E. orcein
Tunica adventitia of blood vessel is nutrited by:
A. blood from bloodstream and “vasa vasorum”
B. * “vasa vasorum” of adventitia
C. vessels of media
D. from bloodstream
E. lymphatics
Tunica intima of blood vessel is nutrited by:
A. blood from bloodstream and “vasa vasorum”
B. “vasa vasorum” of adventitia
589.
590.
591.
592.
593.
594.
595.
596.
C. vessels of media
D. * from bloodstream
E. lymphatics
Tunica media of blood vessel is nutrited by:
A. blood from bloodstream and “vasa vasorum”
B. * “vasa vasorum” of adventitia
C. vessels of media
D. from bloodstream
E. lymphatics
Types of conductive cardiomyocytes:
A. Purkinje fiber cells
B. principal cells, intermediate cells
C. * pace-makers, intermediate cells, Purkinje fiber cells
D. contractile cardiomyocytes, intermediate cells
E. Purkinje fiber cells, nerve cells
Ultrastructural peculiarity of secretory cardiomyocyte:
A. * electron dense granules in cytoplasm
B. irregular shape
C. myoglobin
D. glycogen
E. well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum
Valve of vein consists of:
A. smooth muscle
B. elastic fibers
C. reticular fibers
D. collagen fibers
E. * endothelium and subendothelial layer
Vein in slide usually has shape:
A. round
B. * flattened
C. rectangular
D. hexagonal
E. regular
Wall of blood vessel is nutrited by:
A. * from bloodstream and “vasa vasorum”
B. “vasa vasorum” of adventitia
C. vessels of media
D. from bloodstream
E. lymphatics
Walves of heart are derivatives of:
A. * endocardium
B. myocardium
C. epicardium
D. pericardium
E. vessels
What are the tunics of blood vessels wall?
A. mucosa, submucosa, muscular
B. * intima, media, adventitia
C. submucosa, muscular
D. epithelial, muscular
E. epithelial, submucosa, muscular
597.
What component of microcirculatory bed is responsible for fast
redistribution of blood?
A. artery
B. vein
C. capilllary
D. arteriole
E. * anastomosis
598.
What does “hemianastomosis” mean?
A. type of artery
B. type of vein
C. * short capillary between arteriole and venule
D. lymphatic vessel
E. typical capillary
599.
What does adventitia of blood vessel originate from??
A. ectoderm
B. * mesenchyme
C. endoderm
D. mesoderm
E. notochord
600.
What does adventitia of elastic artery mainly consist of?
A. * loose connective tissue
B. elastic fibers
C. epithelium and muscles
D. epithelium and submucosa
E. smooth myocytes
601.
What does adventitia of fibrous vein mainly consist of?
A. collagen fibers
B. elastic fibers
C. epithelium and muscles
D. * loose connective tissue
E. cardiomyocytes
602.
What does adventitia of mixed artery mainly consist of?
A. * loose connective tissue
B. elastic fibers
C. epithelium and muscles
D. collagen fibers
E. smooth myocytes
603.
What does adventitia of muscular artery mainly consist of?
A. * loose connective tissue
B. elastic fibers
C. epithelium and muscles
D. collagen fibers
E. smooth myocytes
604.
What does amount of elastic fibers in the wall of vessel mainly depend
on ?
A. * blood pressure
B. blood composition
C. blood supply of vessel wall
D. external influences
E. congenital conditions
605.
What does aneurism (distension) of artery is connected with?
A. * insufficiensy of media
B. insufficiensy of adventitia
C. insufficiensy of reticular fibers
D. disorders of blood circulation
E. insufficiensy of collagen fibers
606.
What does blood vessels originate from?
A. ectoderm
B. * mesenchyme
C. endoderm
D. mesoderm
E. notochord
607.
What does conductive system of heart consist of?
A. endothelial cells
B. contractile cardiomyocytes
C. * conductive cardiomyocytes
D. collagen fibers
E. nerve fibers
608.
What does endocardium is similar to?
A. wall of elastic artery
B. somatic capillary
C. fibrous vein
D. anastomosis
E. * wall of artery
609.
What does endocardium originate from?
A. endoderm
B. ectoderm
C. notochord
D. myoepicardial plate
E. * mesenchyme
610.
What does endothelium of blood vessels originate from?
A. ectoderm
B. * mesenchyme
C. endoderm
D. mesoderm
E. notochord
611.
What does epicardium originate from?
A. endoderm
B. ectoderm
C. notochord
612.
613.
614.
615.
616.
617.
618.
619.
D. * myoepicardial plate
E. mesenchyme
What does hemocapillary wall consist of?
A. endothelium and basement membrane
B. * endothelium, basement membrane, pericytes and adventinal cells
C. basement membrane and adventitia
D. endothelium
E. connective tissue
What does inner elastic lamina of artery consist of?
A. skeletal muscle
B. * elastic fibers
C. collagen fibers
D. reticular fibers
E. smooth myocytes
What does inner elastic membrane of artery consist of ?
A. collagen fibers
B. * elastic fibers
C. reticular fibers
D. muscular fibers
E. nerve fibers
What does media of blood vessel mainly consist of?
A. endothelium, inner elastic membrane
B. endothelium, subendothelial
C. inner elastic membrane and nerve fibers
D. * smooth myocytes
E. 2 layers of connective tissue
What does media of elastic artery mainly consist of?
A. skeletal muscle
B. * elastic fibers
C. epithelium and muscles
D. epithelium and submucosa
E. smooth myocytes and elastic fibers
What does media of mixed artery consist of?
A. skeletal muscle
B. * smooth myocytes and elastic fibers
C. epithelium and muscles
D. epithelium and submucosa
E. cardiomyocytes
What does media of muscular artery mainly consist of?
A. skeletal muscle
B. * smooth myocytes
C. epithelium and muscles
D. epithelium and submucosa
E. smooth myocytes
Main componentes of tunica media of muscular artery:
A. skeletal muscle
B. * smooth myocytes
620.
621.
622.
623.
624.
625.
626.
627.
C. epithelium and muscles
D. epithelium and submucosa
E. smooth myocytes
Main componentes of tunica media of muscular vein consist of?
A. skeletal muscle
B. elastic fibers
C. reticular fibers
D. * smooth myocytes and collagen fibers
E. cardiomyocytes
What does myocardium mainly consist of?
A. epithelium
B. loose connective tissue
C. * cardiac muscular tissue
D. sceletal muscular tissue
E. dense connective tissue
What is origin of myocardium?
A. endoderm
B. ectoderm
C. notochord
D. * myoepicardial plate
E. mesenchyme
What does outer elastic membrane seprate?
A. intima and adventitia of vessel
B. * media and adventitia of vessel
C. intima and media of vessel
D. myocytes of media
E. blood and intima of vessel
What does varicosis (distension) of vein is connected with?
A. * insufficiensy of media
B. insufficiensy of adventitia
C. insufficiensy of reticular fibers
D. insufficiensy of elastic fibers
E. insufficiensy of collagen fibers
What is innermost tunic of blood vessels wall?
A. mucosa
B. * intima
C. submucosa
D. muscular
E. adventitia
What is innermost tunic of the heart?
A. * endocardium
B. endothelium
C. myocardium
D. epicardium
E. subendothelial
What is main function of pace-makers ?
A. * making up the impulses
628.
629.
630.
631.
632.
633.
634.
635.
B. contraction
C. hormones secretion
D. protective
E. lining
What is middle tunic of blood vessels wall?
A. mucosa
B. intima
C. submucosa
D. * media
E. adventitia
What is myoglobin function?
A. energy production
B. * deposition of nutrients
C. protein synthesis
D. oxygen supply in contraction
E. regeneration of myofibrilles
What is outermost tunic of blood vessels wall?
A. mucosa
B. intima
C. submucosa
D. media
E. * adventitia
What is special feature of fibrous vein structure?
A. smooth myocytes
B. * absence of middle tunic
C. epithelium and muscles
D. epithelium and subendothelium
E. collagen fibers
What is the arrangement of elastic fibers in aorta?
A. * in fenestrated elastic laminae
B. irregular
C. paralelly
D. perpendicularly
E. superficially
What is the most special histological feature of aorta?
A. collagen fibers
B. * elastic fibers
C. epithelium and muscles
D. loose connective tissue
E. smooth myocytes
What is the principal function of conductive cardiomyocytes?
A. contraction
B. * making up the impulses
C. secretion
D. protective
E. lining
What structure separates tunica intima and media of artery?
A. outer elastic membrane
B. collagen fibers
C. reticular fibers
D. smooth myocytes
E. * inner elastic membrane
636.
What type of hemocapillaries do You know?
A. * somatic, visceral, sinusoids
B. mucosal, muscular
C. submucosal, muscular
D. epithelial, muscular
E. epithelial, submucosal, muscular
637.
Which blood vessel has fenestrated elastic lamina in the wall?
A. mixed artery
B. * elastic artery
C. muscular artery
D. muscular vein
E. fibrous vein
638.
Which cell compound supplies the oxygen for cardiac cells in
contraction?
A. lipids
B. * myoglobin
C. glycogen
D. excretory
E. incretory
639.
Which cells are disposed in the basement membrane of capillary?
A. endotheliocytesvisceral (discontinuous)
B. adventitial cells
C. * pericytes
D. fibrocytes
E. adipocytes
640.
Which cells produce the impulses in the heart?
A. Purkinje fiber cells
B. intermediate cells
C. * pace-makers
D. contractile cardiomyocytes
E. nerve cells
641.
Which compound of microcirculatory bed is responsible for blood
redistribution?
A. arteriol
B. venule
C. hemocapillary
D. * anastomosis
E. lymph capillary
642.
Which compound of microcirculatory bed is responsible for blood
storage?
A. arteriol
B. * venules
643.
644.
645.
646.
647.
648.
649.
650.
C. hemocapillary
D. anastomosis
E. lymph capillary
Which fibers are typical for artery most of all?
A. stiated
B. muscular
C. reticular
D. collagen
E. * elastic
Which fibers are typical for vein most of all?
A. stiated
B. muscular
C. reticular
D. * collagen
E. elastic
Which fibers predominate in vein?
A. muscular
B. elastic fibers
C. * collagen fibers
D. reticular fibers
E. regular
Which hormon is produced by atrial cardiomyocytes?
A. growth-hormon
B. * Na-uretic factor
C. insulin
D. gonadotrophic hormon
E. melatonin
Which inclusions predominate in conductive cardiomyocytes?
A. lipids
B. hemoglobin
C. * glycogen
D. excretory
E. incretory
Which portions does endotheliocyte have?
A. basal and adlumenal
B. basal and apical
C. * nuclear, perinuclear and peripheral
D. fenestrated and nonfenestrated
E. continuous and discontinuous
Which special cells are typical for sinusoidal hemocapillary?
A. * fixed macrophages
B. large endothelial cells
C. small endothelial cells
D. permeable cells
E. lymphocytes
Which special inclusions are present in contractile cardiomyocytes?
A. lipids
651.
652.
653.
654.
655.
656.
657.
658.
B. * myoglobin
C. proteins
D. excretory
E. small
Which special organells are present in the cardiomyocyte?
A. flagella
B. * myofibrilles
C. cilia
D. tonofibrilles
E. neurofibrilles
Which special structures are present in the vein of feet?
A. skeletal muscle
B. elastic fibers
C. reticular fibers
D. * valves
E. collagen fibers
Which structure regulates blood redistribution in typical anastomosis?
A. * circular layer of myocytes of arteriole
B. circular layer of myocytes of venule
C. epithelioid structure of anastomosis
D. epithelioid structure of venule
E. capillary
Which surfaces does endothelium have?
A. * basal and adlumenal
B. basal and apical
C. perinuclear and peripheral
D. fenestrated and nonfenestrated
E. continuous and discontinuous
Which tissue coveres tunica intima of blood vessel?
A. pseudostratified epithelium
B. simple cuboidal epithelium
C. transitional epithelium
D. simple columnar epithelium
E. * simple squamous epithelium
What is kind of tissue covering tunica intima of blood vessel?
A. pseudostratified epithelium
B. simple cuboidal epithelium
C. transitional epithelium
D. simple columnar epithelium
E. * simple squamous epithelium
Which tissue coversinner surface of pericardium?
A. * epithelial
B. connective
C. muscular
D. nervous
E. reticular
Which tissue does pericardium mainly consist of ?
A. epithelial
B. * connective
C. muscular
D. nervous
E. reticular
659.
Which tunic coveres the heart from outside?
A. mucosa
B. * pericardium
C. endocardium
D. submucosa
E. myocardium
660.
Which tunic is thickest in the artery?
A. intima
B. adventitia
C. * media
D. they are equal
E. intima and adventitia
661.
Which tunic is thickest in the vein?
A. intima
B. * adventitia
C. media
D. they are equal
E. intima and adventitia
662.
Which types of cardiac myocytes do you know?
A. simple and compound
B. large and small
C. * contractile and conductive
D. contractile and excretory
E. conical and cylindrical
663.
In histologic specimen of heart wall myocardium mainly consists of
cardiomyocytes. They are connected in myofibers by intercalated discs. Which
type of intercellular junction is responsible for electric juction of nearest cells?
A. * Nexus
B. Desmosoma
C. Hemiesmosoma
D. Tight junction
E. Simple junction
664.
Patient with endocarditis has pathology of heart valves. What does heart
valve consist of?
A. Hyalin cartilage, endothelium
B. Loose connective tissue, endothelium
C. Cardiac muscular tissue, endothelium
D. * Dense connective tissue, endothelium
E. Elastic cartilage, endothelium
665.
Electron micrograph of myocardium showes cells with processes with
few organelles but well develooped rough endoplasmic reticulum and secretory
granules. What are these cells?
A. Cardiomyocytes of ventricles
B. * Secretory cardiomyocytes of atria
C. P-cells
D. Transitional conductive cells
E. Cells of His bandle
666.
ECG (electrocardiogram) of 45 years old patient showes violation of
cardiac cycle phases synchrony, increase of excitation transmission in
myocardium. Which of the lower mentioned structures are responsible for
electric interaction of cardiomyocytes?
A. Simple junction
B. Hemidesmosomal junction
C. Place of myofibril connection with sarcolemma
D. Intercalated disc
E. * Nexus
667.
Electron micrograph of blood vessel wall showes continuous layer of
cells which lie at the basement membrane and are interconnected by
desmosomal and tight junctions. What are these cells?
A. * Endothelial cells
B. Mesothelial cells
C. Epidermocytes
D. Epithelioreticular cells
E. “Boarder” macrophages
668.
There is histologic specimen of circulatory system organ. One tunic of
the wall is made up of anastomozing fibers which consits of cells which are
interconnected by intercalated discs. Which organ is present in this specimen?
A. Aorta
B. Muscular artery
C. * Heart
D. Muscular vein
E. Arteriole
669.
Cardiac myofibers had dying because of heart infarction. What is the
source of reparative regeneration for place with necrosis of cardiac cells?
A. Myofibrilles
B. Cardiomyocytes
C. Myosatellite cells
D. * Connective tissue
E. Intercalated discs
670.
There is histologic specimen of spleen. It showes blood vessel whose
wall consists of endothelium over basement membrane, middle tunic is absent,
outer one is connected with surrounding connective tissue. What is the type of
this vessel?
A. Venule
B. Muscular artery
C. Arteriole
D. * Fibrous vein
E. Elastic artery
671.
60 years old patient with III degree of hypertony has increase of
natriuretic polipeptide in the blood. Which cardiac cells are producing this
hormone?
A. * Secretory cardiomyocytes
B. P-cells
C. Transitional cells
D. Purkinje cells
E. Myosatellite cells
672.
Histologic specimen of blood vessel is stained with orcein. Its middle
tunic has 40-60 fenestrated elastic membranes. What is this vessel?
A. Nonmuscular vein
B. Muscular vein
C. Muscular artery
D. Mixed artery
E. * Elastic artery
673.
19. Cancerogenesis is accompanied with spread of malignent tumor cells
by system of anastomozing blindended vessels. Name these vessels.
A. * Lymphatic capillary
B. Hemocapillary
C. Arteries
D. Veins
E. Venules
674.
There are muscular arteries in specimen of skeletal muscle. Their spaces
are narrowed. Which structural components of wall of the arteries are
responsible for this?
A. Elastic fibers
B. Collagen fibers
C. Smooth myocytes
D. Endotheliocytes
E. Lipocytes
675.
Patient has arrhythmia after heart infarction. Which cells are pacemaker
cells producing impulses for myocardium contractions?
A. Transitional cells of atrioventricular node
B. * Pacemaker (P-cells) of sinoatrial node
C. Conductive cardiomyocytes atrioventricular bandle of His
D. Conductive cardiomyocytes of Purkinje fibers
E. Typical cardiomyocytes
676.
In resting condition heart rate of 25 ears old men is 60-65 per minute.
Which cells of sino-atrial node are pace makers for this rhythm?
A. Secretory cardiomyocytes
B. Purkinje cells
C. *P-cells
D. Myosatellite cells
E. Transitional cells
677.
75 years old patient has III stage of hypertonia which is accompanied
with hyper production of atrial natriuretic factor. Which cells are producing
this polipeptide?
A. P-cells
B. Transitional cells
C. Purkinje cells
D. Myosatellite cells
E. * Secretory cardiomyocytes
678.
Blood vessel was excized in surgical operation. In histological specimen
of this vessel middle tunic is thickest, consists of smooth myocytes and has no
elastic membranes. What is the type of this vessel?
A. Muscular artery
B. Elastic artery
C. Mixed artery
D. * Muscular vein
E. Arteriole
679.
In histologic examination of heart wall under the endocardium there seen
large pale cells with peripheral nuclei, few organelles and irregularly placed
myofibrilles. What are this cells?
A. Secretory cardiomyocytes
B. Contractile cardiomyocytes
C. * Conductive cardiomyocytes
D. Smooth myocytes
E. Striated myocytes
680.
In histologic examination of microcirculatory bed specimen it was
revealed blood vessel whose inner tunica has subendothelium which is not well
defined and elastic membrane is very thin, middle tunica consists of 1-2 layers
of spiraly arranged smooth myocytes. What is this vessel?
A. Venule
B. * Arteriole
C. Somatic (continuous) capillary
D. Fenestrated capillary
E. Sinusoidal capillary
681.
In histologic examination of microcirculatory bed specimen there were
revealed short capillary like vessels which directly connect arterioles and
venules. What is the type of these anastomoses?
A. Hemianastomoses
B. * Typical simple anastomoses
C. Typical anastomoses with contractile structures
D. Typical simple anastomoses of epithelioid type
E. Typical complex anastomoses of epithelioid type
682.
Full blockade of heart appears as a result of heart infarction (atria and
ventricles are contracting asynchronically). Which structures damage is it due
to?
A. Contractile cardiomyocytes of ventricles
B. P-cells of sino-atrial node
C. * Conductive cardiomyocytes of His bandle
D. N.vagus fibers
E. Sympathetic fibers
683.
Special feature of dendritic macrophage:
684.
685.
686.
687.
688.
689.
690.
A. Pseudopodia
B. * Shot permanent processes
C. Long permanent processes
D. Shot temporary processes
E. Long temporary processes
Special feature of free macrophage:
A. * Pseudopodia
B. Shot permanent processes
C. Long permanent processes
D. Shot temporary processes
E. Long temporary processes
Special feature of interdigital macrophage:
A. Pseudopodia
B. Shot permanent processes
C. * Long permanent processes
D. Shot temporary processes
E. Long temporary processes
What does islet of platelets production consist of?
A. Granulocytes
B. Agranulocytes
C. * Megacaryocyte
D. Macrophage and erythrocytes
E. Lymphoblasts
Which cells are disposed in cortex of thymic lobule?
A. * Lymphoblasts and small lymphocytes
B. Medium sized lymphocytes
C. B-plasma cells
D. Interdigital macrophages
E. Boarder macrophages
Which cells are typical for germinative center of white pulp of spleen?
A. * B-lymphoblasts
B. B-plasma cells
C. T-lymphocytes
D. Macrophages
E. Reticular cells
Which cells are typical for medulla of thymic lobule?
A. Lymphoblasts and small lymphocytes
B. Medium sized lymphocytes
C. B-plasma cells
D. Interdigital macrophages
E. * Recirculating lymphocytes
Which components are placed in cords of spleenic red pulp?
A. Lymph nodules
B. * Blood formed elements
C. Reticular tissue
D. Lymphocytess
E. Lymph
691.
? Which hematopoietic organ has erythropoietic islet?
A. Thymus
B. Spleen
C. Palatine tonsil
D. * Red bone marrow
E. Hemolymph node
692.
Which hematopoietic organ has granulocytopoietic islet?
A. Thymus
B. Spleen
C. Palatine tonsil
D. * Red bone marrow
E. Hemolymph node
693.
Which hematopoietic organ has lobulated parenchyma?
A. * Thymus
B. Spleen
C. Palatine tonsil
D. Red bone marrow
E. Hemolymph node
694.
Which hematopoietic organ has red and white pulp?
A. Thymus
B. * Spleen
C. Palatine tonsil
D. Red bone marrow
E. Hemolymph node
695.
Which special macrophages are typical for sinuses of lymph node?
A. Free
B. Fixed
C. Dendritic
D. Interdigital
E. * Boarder macrophages
696.
Which stromal elements of red bone marrow are mainly responsible for
cells migration into the blood?
A. Free macrophages
B. Adipocytes
C. Osteogenic cells
D. Reticular cells
E. * Endothelial and adventitial cells
697.
What central haemopoietic organs do you know?
A. Red bone marrow, lymph nodes
B. Lymph nodules of respiratory tract
C. Lymph nodules of digestive tract mucosa
D. Spleen, lymph nodes
E. * Thymus, red bone marrow
698.
10. What tissue does the stroma of red bone marrow consist of?
A. epithelial
B. * reticular
C. epithelioreticular
D. fibrous connective tissue
E. reticulo-endothelial
699.
In spleen blood is deposed in:
A. sinusoidal capillaries
B. venules
C. anastomosis
D. * venous sinuses
E. arteriols
700.
What tissue does the parenchyma of red bone marrow consist of?
A. * myeloid
B. reticular
C. epithelioreticular
D. lymphoid
E. epithelial reticulo-endothelial
701.
Which cells aggregations are typical for the parenchyma of red bone
marrow?
A. follicles
B. particles
C. cords
D. * hemopoietic islets
E. nodes
702.
What does dendritic cells belong to?
A. Fixed macrophages
B. Fibroblasts
C. Epitheliocytes with branches
D. * Free macrophages
E. Erythrocytes
703.
What kind of tissue does stroma of haemopoetic organs consist of?
A. epithelial
B. loose connective
C. bony
D. dense connective
E. * reticular
704.
Which type of blood capillaries are there in haemopoetic organs?
A. * sinusoidal
B. continuous
C. somatic
D. discontinuous
E. fenestrated
705.
What is the function of central haemopoetic organs?
A. differentiation of T-lymphoblasts precursors into T-lymphocytes
B. formation of erythrocytes, granulocytes and platelets
C. * blood cells formation and antigenindependent proliferation of
lymphocytes
D. antigendependent proliferation of lymphocytes
E. formation of erythrocytes, granulocytes and platelets
706.
What is the function of peripheral haemopoetic organs?
A. differentiation of T-lymphoblasts precursors into T-lymphocytes
B. formation of erythrocytes, granulocytes and platelets
C. all blood cells formation
D. * antigendependent proliferation of lymphocytes
E. formation of erythrocytes, granulocytes and platelets
707.
What is the main function of red bone marrow?
A. * blood cells formation and precursors of T- lymphocytes
B. formation of B-lymphocytes and precursors of T- lymphocytes
C. T- lymphoblasts transformation into T-lymphocytes
D. B-lymphocytes and T- lymphocytes precursors formation
E. formation of erythrocytes, granulocytes and platelets
708.
Indicate the place of thrombocytopoesis in red bone marrow.
A. near endosteum
B. * around sinusoidal blood capillary
C. everywhere
D. in bone cavity
E. near periosteum
709.
What peripheral haemopoetic organs do you know?
A. Red bone marrow, spleen
B. Thymus and red bone marrow
C. Thymus, lymph nodules of digestive tract mucosa
D. * Spleen, lymph nodes
E. Thymus
710.
Which cells are the source of all blood cells formation in red bone
marrow?
A. blast cells
B. * stem cells
C. unipotent cells-precursors
D. differentiating cells
E. differentiated cells
711.
In histologic specimen there’re seen macrophages, which are surrounded
by erythrocytes at different stages of differentiation. What is this organ?
A. Palatine tonsil
B. Thymus
C. Spleen
D. * Red bone marrow
E. Lymphatic node
712.
Reticular tissue stroma of hemopoietic organ contains adipocytes,
macrophages and osteogenic cells. What is this organ?
A. Thymus
B. Spleen
C. * Red bone marrow
D. Lymphatic node
E. Palatine tonsil
713.
In electonmicrograph we can see megakaryocyte. Which formed
elements are produced by this cell in red bone marrow?
A. * platelets (thrombocytes)
B. erythrocytes
C. leucocytes
D. monocytes
E. neutrophils
714.
There are two specimens: in the first one we can see mainly erythrocytes
and in the second one – different blood formed elements at different stages of
development. What are these specimens?
A. * Blood and red bone marrow
B. Blood and lymph
C. Blood of frog and blood of man
D. Blood and yellow bone marrow
E. Yellow and red bone marrow
715.
Principal feature of yellow bone marrow.
A. active lymphocytopoesis
B. erythropoesis
C. neutrophilopoesis
D. monocytopoiesis
E. * replacement of myeloid tissue by adipose
716.
Which cells of yellow bone marrow may renew hematopoiesis?
A. reticular cells
B. adipocytes
C. * stem cells
D. fibroblasts
E. mesenchymal cells
717.
Embryonic source of red bone marrow:
A. ectoderm
B. endoderm
C. mesoderm
D. * mesenchyme
E. notochord
718.
Which organs does thymus belong to?
A. * central hemopoietic
B. peripheral hemopoietic
C. endocrine
D. glands
E. indifferent
719.
Which tissue does the stroma of thymus consist of?
A. myeloid
B. reticular
C. * epithelioreticular
D. lymphoid
E. reticulo-endothelial
720.
3. Which organs of antigen independent differentiation of lymphocytes
do you know?
A. spleen and lymphatic node
B. lymphatic node and Peyer’s patches
C. * red bone marrow and tymus
D. hemolymphatic node and spleen
E. lymphatic node
721.
Indicate the stromal tissue of thymus.
A. Myeloid tissue
B. * Epithelioreticular tissue
C. Adipose tissue
D. Fibrous connective tissue
E. Dense connective tissue
722.
What stroma tissue does thymus originate from?
A. connective tissue
B. fibrous tissue
C. muscular tissue
D. nerve tissue
E. * epithelial tissue
723.
Which capillaries does thymus have?
A. continuous
B. * fenestrated
C. sinusoids
D. somatic
E. irregular
724.
Reticular tissue stroma of hemopoietic organ contains epithelioreticular
cells. What is this organ?
A. Red bone marrow
B. Spleen
C. * Thymus
D. Lymphatic node
E. Palatine tonsil
725.
A haemopoetic organ, which consists of irregular shaped lobules, is
explored in light microscope. Each lobule has cortex and medulla. What is this
organ?
A. * Thymus
B. Lymphatic node.
C. Spleen
D. Tonsil
E. Appendix
726.
What kind of tissue constitutes parenchyma of thymus?
A. myeloid
B. * lymphoid
C. reticular
D. epithelioreticular
E. red and white pulp
727.
In electron micrograph of hemopoietic organ numerous lymphocytes are
scattered into invaginations of cell membrane. What is this organ?
A. * thymus
B. red bone marrow
C. spleen
D. tonsil
E. liver
728.
What is spape of lobule parenchyma of thymus?
A. vesicle
B. * irregular-shaped aggregation of lymphocytes
C. cord of cells
D. lymph nodule
E. layer of cells
729.
Which portions could be identifiyng in the lobule of thymus?
A. cortex and paracortex
B. * cortical and medullary zones
C. medullary cords
D. principal and additional
E. red and white pulp
730.
Which cells are mainly disposed in the cortex of thymic lobule?
A. * T-lymphocytes
B. T-lymphoblasts
C. adipocytes
D. epithelioreticular cells
E. Hassal’s corpuscles
731.
Which organs of antigen dependent differentiation of lymphocytes do
you know?
A. * spleen, lymphatic nodes and Peyer’s patches
B. lymphatic nodes and thymus
C. red bone marrow and thymus
D. hemolymphatic nodes and spleen
E. lymphatic node and red bone
732.
Location of Hassal’s corpuscles in thymus:
A. in the connectivetissue septa
B. in the cortical layer of lobule
C. * in the medulla of lobule
D. arround blood vessels
E. in capsula
733.
Hassal’s corpuscles of thymus consist of:
A. fibroblasts
B. accumulation of myofibroblasts
C. reticuloendothelial cells
D. * degeneratively changed ephithelioreticulocyte
E. osteogenic cells
734.
Hassal’s corpuscles of thymus staiment are:
A. prominent basophilic
B. light basophilic
C. light oxiphilic
D. * prominent oxiphilic
E. neutral
735.
Inndicate the structures of hematothymic barrier.
A. * endotheliocytes of blood capillary with a basal membrane,
perivascular space and reticuloepitheliotcyte
736.
737.
one?
B. capillary wall and fibroblasts of perivascular space
C. perivascular space with macrophages
D. collagen fibers of perivascular space
E. Hassal’s corpuscles
What is the shape of epithelioreticular cells of thymus?
A. round
B. oval
C. rectangular
D. * irregular with processes
E. poligonal
Which function does thymus perform in addition to lymphocytopoietic
A. supportive
B. exocrine
C. filtration of blood
D. eccrine
E. * endocrine
738.
Which hormones does thymus produse?
A. growth-hormone and thymulin
B. thyroxin and thymosin
C. * thymosin, thymulin, calcitonin-like
D. parathormone and insulin
E. insulin and calcitonin-like
739.
Hemopoietic organ is seen in histologic specimen. It has lobular
structure and stroma is made of epithelioreticulocytes with processes. What is
this organ?
A. Spleen
B. Red bone marrow
C. * Thymus
D. Tonsil
E. Lymph node
740.
Hemopoietic organ is seen in histologic specimen. The medulla of
lobules is light and contains epithelial Hassal’s corpuscels. What is this organ?
A. Spleen
B. Lymph node
C. * Thymus
D. Liver
E. Kidney
741.
Under the harmful influence on human body the structure of thymus is
being changed: T-lymphocytes are dying and they are being replaced into
peripheral organs, the proliferation of epithelioretyiculocytes takes place. What
kind of process is this?
A. * Accidental involution of thymus
B. Age involution of thymus
C. Hypotrophy of thymus
D. Dystrophy of thymus
E. Atrophy of thymus
742.
Indicate central haemopoetic organs.
A. spleen, thymus
B. lymphatic nodes, red bone marrow
C. * red bone marrow, thymus
D. hemolymphatic nodes, Peyer’s patches
E. spleen, lymphatic nodes
743.
What is the principal morphological sign of accidental involution of
thymus?
A. Development of adipose and connective tissue
B. T-lymphocytes exfusion into blood circulation
C. * Mass destruction of T-lymphocytes
D. Developing of epithelial stroma
E. Phagocytosis of non-damaged T-lymphocytes by macrophages
744.
Histologic specimen of a 40-years-old man thymus showes the process
of thymus parenchymal elements loosing and replacement of them by
connective tissue fibers and adipose tissue, enriching with Hassal’s corpuses.
Give the definition of such a phenomenon.
A. Accidental involution of thymus
B. * Age involution of thymus
C. Hypotrophy of thymus
D. Dystrophy of thymus
E. Atrophy of thymus
745.
52. Mice of mutant line “nude” have no thymus and reaction of cellular
immunity. These mice don’t have an immune reaction against transplanted
foreing organs. This happens because they don’t have:
A. B-lymphocytes
B. Macrophages
C. * T-lymphocytes (cyto-toxic killers)
D. T-helpers
E. Plasma cells
746.
Which cells take care of lymphocytes in thymus?
A. Fibroblasts
B. Smooth muscle cells
C. Mesoteliocytes
D. Border macrophages
E. * Epithelioreticular cells
747.
Immune reactivity of child is broken up. Which hemopoietic organ is
responsible for antigen independent proliferation and differentiation Tlymphocyte?
A. Red bonemarrow.
B. Spleen.
C. Lymph node
D. * Thymus
E. Palatine tonsil
748.
Special feature of postcapillary venule of thymic lobule medulla?
A. typical endothelium
B. fenestrated endothelium
C. fenestrated basement membrane
D. pores in the wall
E. * tall endothelium
749.
Indicate the stromal tissue of lymph node.
A. epithelial
B. * reticular-endothelial
C. adipose
D. fibrous connective tissue
E. dense connective tissue
750.
What tissue does the parenchyma of lymph node consist of?
A. myeloid
B. reticular
C. epithelioreticular
D. * lymphoid
E. epithelial reticulo-endothelial
751.
Which hemopoietic organ contains reticular-endothelial stroma?
A. thymus
B. spleen
C. red bone marrow
D. * lymph node
E. palatine tonsil
752.
Which portions could be identifiyng in the lymph node?
A. * cortex, paracortex and medulla
B. cortical and medullary layers
C. medullary cords and sinuses
D. hemopoietic islets
E. red and white pulp
753.
Indicate peripheral haemopoetic organs.
A. spleen, thymus
B. lymphatic nodes, red bone marrow
C. red bone marrow, thymus
D. thymus, Peyer’s patches
E. * spleen, lymphatic nodes
754.
Indicate location of T-dependent zone (paracortex or deep cortex) in
lymphatic node.
A. between capsule and lymphatic follicles
B. * between lymphatic follicles and medullary cords
C. between medullary cords and hilum of lymphatic follicles
D. between medullary cords and trabeculae
E. between trabeculae and lymphatic node
755.
In which order does lymph pass through the system of sinuses of lymph
node?
A. hilum, medulary, subcapsular, regional
B. subcapsular, medullary, regional, gate
C. * subcapsular, cortical, medullary, hilum
D. regional, medulary, subcapsular, gate
E. medulary, regional, subcapsular, hilum
756.
757.
758.
759.
760.
761.
762.
763.
Which cells line the wall of sinuses of lymphatic node?
A. * reticular endothelial
B. reticular
C. epithelial
D. epithelio-reticular
E. endothelial
What parenchymal cells of lymph node follicle do you know?
A. * B lymphocytes, B-lymphoblastes
B. T-lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells
C. plasma cells, macrophages
D. B lymphocytes, interdigital cells, T-lymphocytes
E. B and T-lymphoblasts, macrophages, interdigital cells, plasma cells
In lymph node B-lymphocytes complete the differentiation in:
A. lymph node paracortex
B. sinuses
C. cortex
D. * medullar cords
E. capsule
There are such functions of lymph node:
A. * lymphocytopoesis, immune protection, filtration and accumulation
of lymph
B. immune protection, secretion
C. antigens destruction
D. secretion of insulinolike factors
E. accumulation of blood
Which cells are absent in the germinative centre of lymph node?
A. lymphoblasts
B. adipocytes
C. typical macrophages
D. * myocytes
E. lymphocytes
Zones of lymphatic node are the next:
A. zone of fatty cells and sinuses
B. * cortex, paracortex (deep cortex), medulla
C. white and red pulp
D. fibers zone
E. cortex and medulla
Which zone of lymphatic node mainly contains the plasma cells?
A. cortex
B. paracortex.
C. * medullary cords
D. zone of fatty cells
E. sinuses of lymphatic node
What is the main function of lymph node sinuses?
A. circulation of blood
B. prolliferation of lymphocytes
C. blood formed elements production
D. proliferation of granular leucocytes
E. * lymph circulation
764.
Red bone marrow usually is stained with:
A. hematoxylin and eosin
B. iron hematoxylin
C. sudan
D. orcein
E. * Romanowsky-Himsa stain
765.
Plasma cells in medullary cords of lymph node originate from:
A. T-lymphocytes
B. * B-lymphocytes
C. macrophages
D. dendritic cells
E. interdigital cells
766.
Hemopoietic organ is seen in histologic specimen. Lymphocytes are
arranged in lymphatic follicles, paracortical zone (deep cortex) and medullary
cords. What is this organ?
A. red bone marrow
B. * lymph node
C. thymus
D. tonsil
E. spleen
767.
Which cells are producing antibodies after repeated entrance of antigens
in human organism?
A. macrophages
B. T - killers
C. T - supressors
D. * plasma cells
E. dendritic cells
768.
In blood of 16-years-old girl, who suffers from auto-immune
inflammation of thyroid gland, numerous plasma cells have been found out.
Which cells are they (plasma cells) developing from?
A. mast cells
B. T-helpers
C. T-killers
D. T-supressors
E. * B-lymphocytes
769.
In the specimen of small intestine in mucosal lamina propria there were
found out the basophilic cells aggregations, which have central light part and
peripheral dark region. What are these structures?
A. adipocytes
B. nerve ganglia
C. * lymphatic follicles
D. blood vessels
E. lymphatic vessels
770.
Bean-like organ is seen in histologic specimen. It has cortex and
medulla. Cortex is made up of round shaped structures (nodules) and medulla –
of cords. What is this organ?
A. kidney
B. adrenal gland
C. * lymph node
D. thymus
E. spleen
771.
In the specimen of lymph node the paracortex (deep cortex) is enlarged.
Which cells belong to this zone?
A. border macrophages
B. reticulocytes
C. plasma cells
D. macrophages
E. * T-lymphocytes
772.
Indicate the place of plasma cells production in lymph node.
A. in the center of lymphatic follicle
B. in the paracortex
C. * in the medullary cords
D. in the peripheral zone of lymphatic follicles
E. in the sinuses of lymph node
773.
Indicate in order the disposition of sinuses in lymph node
A. hylum, subcapsular, cortical, medullary
B. medullary, subcapsular, trabecular, hylum
C. trabecular, subcapsular, medullary, hylum
D. medullary, subcapsular, trabecular, hylum
E. * subcapsular, cortical, medullary, hylum
774.
Which special cells are situated in the wall of lymph node sinuses?
A. * border macrophages
B. fibroblasts
C. smooth myocytes
D. mesotheliocytes
E. epitheliocytes
775.
What haemopoetic organs belong to central immune organs?
A. Lymph nodes, spleen
B. Red bonemarrow, lymph nodes
C. Spleen, thymus
D. * Thymus, red bone marrow
E. Lymphc nodes and thymus
776.
There are two histologic specimens with organs, which have lymph
follicles. In the first specimen we can see only follicles, and in the second one follicles, with blood vessels (arteries). What are these organs?
A. red bone marrow, spleen
B. * lymph node and spleen
C. thymus, spleen
D. liver, lymph node
E. liver, spleen
777.
Please, name the area of lymph node, in which T-lymphocytes interact
with antigens.
A. marginal zone
B. cortical zone
C. capsule
D. * paracortical zone (deep cortex)
E. medulla
778.
Which parts does the parenchyma of spleen consist of?
A. * red and white pulp
B. reticular
C. epithelioreticular
D. lymphoid
E. myeloid
779.
Which tissue does the stroma of spleen consist of?
A. red and white pulp
B. * reticular
C. epithelio-reticular
D. lymphoid
E. reticular-endothelial
780.
What is the sequence of zones of lymphatic follicles of spleen from the
central artery to the white pulp?
A. periarterial, marginal, germinative, regional
B. * periarterial zone, germinative center, marginal, peripheral zone
C. periarterial, regional, marginal, germinative
D. germinative, periarterial sheet, marginal, regional
E. marginal, regional, periarterial sheet, germinative
781.
Indicate the location of central artery in spleen?
A. centrally in red pulp
B. centrally in white pulp
C. * excentrically in white pulp
D. peripherally in red pulp
E. peripherally in white and red pulp
782.
In which structure T-lymphocytes complete their differentiation in
spleen?
A. red pulp cords
B. mantial zone of white pulp
C. marginal zone of white pulp
D. * periarterial sheath and periarterial zone
E. red pulp sinuses
783.
In spleen B-lymphocytes complete the differentiation in:
A. red pulp cords
B. * mantial zone of white pulp
C. marginal zone of white pulp
D. periarterial sheath and periarterial zone
E. red pulp sinuses
784.
Indicate the place of T-lymphocytes antigendependent proliferation in
spleen.
A. * periarterial zone of white pulp
B. germinative zone of white pulp
C. marginal zone of white pulp
D. periferal zone of white pulp
E. red pulp
785.
Hemopoietic organ is seen in histologic specimen. Lymph follicles are
irregularly disposed and have atery inside. What is this organ?
A. red bone marrow
B. lymph node
C. tonsil
D. thymus
E. * spleen
786.
What haemopoetic organs belong to peripheral immune organs?
A. * Lymph nodes, spleen
B. Red bonemarrow, lymph nodes
C. Spleen, thymus
D. Thymus, red bone marrow
E. Lymphc nodes and thymus
787.
In the histologic specimen there are seen spherical aggregations of
lymphocytes with central artery. What is this organ?
A. lymph node
B. * spleen
C. thymus
D. red bone marrow
E. kidney
788.
T-lymphocytes in spleen are mainly disposed in:
A. red pulp
B. * periarterial lymphatic sheath
C. marginal zone
D. germinative center
E. pulp cords
789.
Which parenchymal portions of spleen do you know?
A. follicles and medulla
B. cortex and cords
C. * red and white pulp
D. follicles and nodes
E. cortex, medulla and paracortex
790.
Indicate zones of lymphatic follicles of spleen
A. regional sinus, marginal, medullary zone
B. periarterial area, cortex, medullar area
C. * periarterial zone, germinal center, marginal, peripheral zone
D. marginal zone, periarterial zone
E. cortical zone, medullary zone
791.
What is happening with destroying erythrocytes in the red pulp of
spleen?
A. * are phagocyzed by macrophages
B. enter the blood circulation
C. are phagocyzed by neutrophilic leucocytes
D. are dygested by the enzymes of giant cells
E. are deposed in the red pulp of a spleen
792.
Which structural components does the red pulp of a spleen consist of?
A. * cords of pulp and venous sinuses
B. venous sinuses
C. zones of erythrocytopoesis
D. thrombocytes
E. granulocytes
793.
Which cells are situated in the germinative center of a lymph nodule of
spleen?
A. T-lymphocytes
B. * B-lymphocytes
C. reticular cells
D. adventitial cells
E. smooth myocytes
794.
Which cells are mainly placed in the germinative center of lymph nodule
of spleen?
A. dendritic cells
B. * B-lymphocytes
C. interdigital cells
D. plasma cells
E. macrophages
795.
In which hemopoetic organs does elimination of erythrocytes and
platelets mainly occur?
A. red bone marrow
B. * spleen
C. thymus
D. lymphatic node
E. hemolymphatic node
796.
What is the most specific feature of spleenic blood circulation?
A. sinusoidal capillaries
B. low speed of blood circulation
C. anastomosis presence
D. closed circulation
E. * opened circulation
797.
After radioactive irradiation lymphoid system of teenager is considerably
affected. Which gland activity may renew blood picture?
A. * Thymus
B. Pancreas
C. Liver
D. Thyroid gland
E. Adrenal gland
798.
Histologic specimen is made up of hemopoetic organ. The latter one
consists of irregular shaped lobules. Each lobule has cortex and medulla.
Which organ is it typical for?
A. * Thymus
B. Lymph node
C. Spleen
D. Tonsil
E. Appendix
799.
In histological research of 40 years old men thymus it was revealed
decrease of parenchimal structures size and increase of adipose and connective
tissue content. There were a lot of thymic (Hassal’s) corpuscles but total mass
of organ is stable. What is the name of this process?
A. * Age involution
B. Hypotrophy
C. Distrophy
D. Atrophy
E. Accidendal involution
800.
In the puncture of lymph node there are seen centres of active plasma
cells production. Antigendependent stimulation of which immune cells is it due
to?
A. Т–Lymphocytes
B. * В–Lymphocytes
C. Macrophages
D. Dendritic cells
E. Interdigital cells
801.
In the smear of human red bone marrow among myeloid cells and
adipocytes there are some stellate cells with oxyphilic cytoplasm. Their
processes are interconnecting. What are these cells?
A. Dendritic
B. Fibroblasts
C. Macrophages
D. * Reticular cells
E. Osteocytes
802.
In the specimen of red bone marrow there is an aggregation of giant cells
in tight contact with sinusoidal capillaries. Which blood formed elements are
producing here?
A. * Platelets
B. Erythrocytes
C. Monocytes
D. Lymphocytes
E. Leucocytes
803.
Morphological research of of spleen had revealed prominent activity of
immun reactions. Which structures of this organ are responsible for
antigenindependent proliferation of Т-lymphocytes?
A. * Periarterial sheath
B. Central zone of white pulp
C. Mantial zone of white pulp
D. Red pulp
E. Marginal zone of white pulp
804.
Morphological research of spleen had revealed signs of immune activity
increase in human body. In which structures of this organ does
antigendependent proliferation of Т–lymphocytes begin?
A. * Periarterial sheath
B. Central zone of white pulp
C. Mantial zone of white pulp
D. Marginal zone of white pulp
E. Red pulp
805.
Newborn baby has under-developed thymus. Which type of hemopoesis
will suffer most of all?
A. * Lymphopoesis
B. Erythropoesis
C. Granulocytopoesis
D. Megacariocytopoasis
E. Monocytopoesis
806.
Numerous capillaries are seen in the specimen of red bone marrow.
Mature blood formed elements are crossing their wall and enter the
bloodstream. What is the type of this capillaries?
A. * Sinusoidal
B. Visceral
C. Lymph
D. Somatic
E. Fenestrated
807.
Plasma cell produce specific antibodies against exact antigens. Antigens
introduction in human body causes increase of plasma cells. Which blood cells
increase is it due to?
A. Neutrophiles
B. Eosinophiles
C. Basophiles
D. T-lymphocytes
E. * B-lymphocytes
808.
Round shaped aggregations of lymphocytes are seen in histologic
specimen. Central arteries lie inside this nodules. What is this organ?
A. Lymph node
B. * Spleen
C. Thymus
D. Bone marrow
E. Kidney
809.
Skin transplantation was made to patient with severe burns. At the 8th
day rejection of transplantant had begun. Which cells are mainly responsible
for this?
A. * Т-Lymphocytes
B. В-Lymphocytes
C. Eosinophiles
D. Basophiles
E. Erythrocytes
810.
Special feature of boarder macrophage:
A. Pseudopodia
B. Shot permanent processes
C. Long permanent processes
D. * Disposition in wall of lymph sinusis
E. Long temporary processes
811.
There are few specimens of hemopoetic and immune organs which
contain lymphoid tissue arranged in different structures (lymph nodules,
lobules, cords). In which organ does antigenindependent proliferation and
differentiation of lymphocytes occur?
A. * Thymus
B. Lymph nodes
C. Spleen
D. Tonsil
E. Hemolymph nodes
812.
There is electron micrograph of macrophagic cell. Erytrocytes at
different stages of differentiation are placed along its processes. Which organ
cell is present at this photogram?
A. Tonsil
B. Thymus
C. Spleen
D. * Red bone marrow
E. Lymph node
813.
There is histologic specimen of hemopoetic organ. Stroma of this organ
consists of reticular tissue and parenchyma has elongated cords of blood
formed elements and round shaped aggregations of lymphocytes. What is this
organ?
A. Red bone marrow
B. Lymph node
C. Tonsil
D. Thymus
E. * Spleen
814.
There is histologic specimen of hemopoetic organ. Parenchyma of this
organ consists of lymphoid tissue which includes lymph nodules, paracortical
zone and medullary cords. What is this organ?
A. Red bone marrow
B. * Lymph node
C. Thymus
D. Tonsil
E. Spleen
815.
There is histologic specimen of hemopoetic organ. Parenchyma of this
organ consists of lymphoid tissue which has lobules. Stroma is made of
epithelial cells with processes. What is this organ?
A. Spleen
B. Red bone marrow
C. * Thymus
D. Tonsil
E. Lymph node
816.
There is histological specimen of hemopoetic organ. Lymphoid
parenchyma of this organ consists of lobules. What is this organ?
A. * Thymus
B. Lymph node
C. Spleen
D. Tonsil
E. Appendix
817.
There is histological specimen of organ whose stroma consists of
reticular tissue. There are some adipocytes , macrophages and osteogenic cells
too. What is this hemopoetic organ?
A. Thymus
B. Spleen
C. * Red bone marrow
D. Lymph node
E. Tonsil
818.
What does colour of yellow bone marrow depend on?
A. Granulocytes
B. Agranulocytes
C. Erythrocytes
D. * Macrophages
E. Adipocytes
819.
What does erythropoietic islet consist of?
A. Granulocytes
B. Agranulocytes
C. Megacaryocytes
D. * Macrophage and erythrocytes
E. Lymphoblasts
820.
What granulocytopoietic islet consist of?
A. * Maturing granulocytes
B. Agranulocytes
C. Megacaryocytes
D. Macrophage and erythrocytes
E. Lymphoblasts
821.
Which cell lies in the middle of erythropoietic islet?
A. * Macrophage
B. Stem cell
C. Reticular cell
D. Endothelial cell
E. Adventitial cell
822.
Which cells predominate in periarterial zone of white pulp of spleen?
A. B-lymphoblasts
B. B-plasma cells
C. * T-lymphocytes
D. Macrophages
E. Reticular cells
823.
What mostly cells localized in periarterial zone of lymphatic follicle of
spleen?
824.
825.
826.
827.
828.
829.
here?
830.
A. B-lymphoblasts
B. B-plasma cells
C. * T-lymphocytes
D. Macrophages
E. Reticular cells
Which hematopoietic organ has agranulocytopoietic islet?
A. Thymus
B. Spleen
C. Palatine tonsil
D. * Red bone marrow
E. Hemolymph node
Which hematopoietic organ has lymph nodules in cortex?
A. Thymus
B. Spleen
C. Palatine tonsil
D. Red bone marrow
E. * Lymph node
Which hematopoietic organ has paracortex?
A. Thymus
B. Spleen
C. Palatine tonsil
D. Red bone marrow
E. * Lymph node
Which hematopoietic organ has trombocytopoietic islet?
A. Thymus
B. Spleen
C. Palatine tonsil
D. * Red bone marrow
E. Hemolymph node
Which organ has medullary cords?
A. Thymus
B. Spleen
C. Palatine tonsil
D. Red bone marrow
E. * Lymph node
Which peculiarity of spleen allowes to eliminate blood formed elements
A. B-lymphoblasts
B. Closed circulation
C. * Opened circulation
D. Macrophages
E. Reticular cells
Which special macrophages are typical for thymus?
A. Free
B. Fixed
C. * Dendritic
D. Interdigital
E. Boarder macrophages
831.
Which structure does not belong to hematothymic barrier?
A. Endothelial cells
B. Basement membrane
C. Epithelioreticular cells
D. Free macrophages of perivascular space
E. * Capsule
832.
Which structure serves antigenindependent prolipheration of
lymphocytes in thymus?
A. Free macrophages
B. Fixed macrophages
C. * Hematothymic barrier
D. Interdigital
E. Boarder macrophages
833.
Which cells produce testosteronee?
A. Fibrocytes
B. Sertoli cells
C. Sustentacular cells
D. Endothelial cells
E. *Leydig cells
834.
Acidity of prostate gland medium is high. What will happen to
spermatozoa?
A. Their structure will change
B. Mobility will increase
C. Maturation will stop
D. Formation will stop
E. *Mobility will decrease
835.
Which of the following are produced by the Sertoli cells?
A. Testosteronee
B. Growth hormone
C. Estrogens
D. Inhibin
E. *Androgen binding protein
836.
How does prostate gland excision reflect on fertility of man?
A. Simplify
B. Nothing
C. Increases
D. Really increases
E. *Partially decreases
837.
Which of the following is NOT considered an accessory gland?
A. Prostate
B. Bulbourethral gland
C. Seminal vesicles
D. None of the above
E. *Ductus deferens
838.
What is another term for a bulbourethral gland?
A. Bartholin's gland
B. Prostate gland
C. Skene's gland
D. Brunner's gland
E. *Cowper's gland
839.
Certify the spherical homogenous structures which are seen in some
prostatic alveoli.
A. Psammoma bodies
B. Corpora arenacea
C. Hassall's corpuscles
D. Pacinian corpuscles
E. *Prostatic concretions
840.
What is the name of spherical structures which are seen in some prostatic
alveol
A. Paccinian bodies
B. Corpora arenacea
C. Hassall's corpuscles
D. Pacinian corpuscles
E. *Prostasomes
841.
What type of epithelium lines the seminal vesicles?
A. Simple squamous
B. Simple cuboidal
C. Simple columnar
D. Stratified squamous
E. *Pseudostratified
842.
What does distruction of gonocytoblasts in germinal toruli of embryo
result in?
A. Decrease of estrogens synthesis
B. Sex organs will not appear
C. Secondary sexual signs will not appear
D. Decrease of progesterone synthesis
E. *Germ cells will not appear
843.
What type of epithelium lines the vas deferens?
A. Simple columnar
B. Stratified squamous
C. Simple squamous
D. Simple cuboidal
E. *Pseudostratified
844.
Vas deferen is lined with:
A. Simple columnar epithelium
B. Stratified squamous epithelium
C. Urothelium
D. Simple cuboidal epithelium
E. *Pseudostratified epithelium
845.
What type of glands prostate gland consists of?
A. Simple straight tubular gland
B. Simple coiled tubular gland
C. Simple alveolar gland
D. Compound tubular gland
E. *Compound tubuloalveolar gland
846.
What is the stroma of the prostate gland ?
A. Loose irregular connective tissue
B. Smooth muscle
C. Adipose tissue
D. Dense irregular connective tissue
E. *Fibromuscular
847.
What does stroma of prostate gland consist of?
A. Loose connective tissue
B. Smooth muscle
C. Adipose tissue
D. Dense irregular connective tissue
E. *Fibromuscular tissue
848.
How many layers of smooth myocytes are there in vas deferens?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 4
D. 5
E. *3
849.
What does middle tunic of vas deferens consist of?
A. Loose connective tissue
B. Adipose tissue
C. Dense irregular connective tissue
D. Fibromuscular tissue
E. *Smooth muscle
850.
Increase of testosteronee in male blood analysis mostly depends on:
A. Prostate gland
B. Epididymis
C. Testis, adrenal medulla, pituitary gland
D. Testis, prostate gland
E. *Testis, adrenal cortex, pituitary gland
851.
Which one of the following are the earliest cells of spermatogenesis?
A. Primary spermatocytes
B. Secondary spermatocytes
C. Spermatids
D. Spermatozoa
E. *Spermatogonia
852.
Certify the earliest cells of spermatogenesis:
A. Androspermia
B. Gynecospermia
C. Spermatids
D. Spermatozoa
E. *Spermatogonia
853.
Which organ of male reproductive system has numerous coiled tubules
whose wall has tunica with basal, myoid and fibrous layers?
A. Prostate gland
B. Epididymis
C. Vas defferens
D. Seminal vesicles
E. *Testis
854.
Which of the following substances are produced by the Leydig cells?
A. Inhibin
B. Androgen binding protein
C. Growth hormone
D. Estrogens
E. *Testosteronee
855.
A lot of seminiferous tubules are seen in the specimen of testis.
Polygonal oxyphilic cells with lipid inclusions lie in connective tissue between
these tubules. What are these cells?
A. Spermatocytes
B. Spermatogonia
C. Sustentocytes
D. Spermatids
E. *Leydig cells
856.
What organ of male reproductive system has parenchyma with tubules
with spermatogenic epithelium and Leydig cells in stroma?
A. Bulbo-uretral gland
B. Epididymis
C. Prostate gland
D. Seminal vesicles
E. *Testis
857.
Vas deferens Which cells are termed "nurse cells" in testis?
A. Interstitial cells
B. Leydig cells
C. Spermatogonia
D. Macrophages
E. *Sertoli or sustentacular cells
858.
Which is the biggest accessory structure of the male reproductive
system?
A. Epididymis
B. Seminal vesicle
C. Bulbourethral gland
D. Cowper's gland
E. *Prostate
859.
Certify the capsule that surrounds the testes:
A. Tunica adventitia
B. Tunica externa
C. Tunica media
D. Tunica intima
E. *Tunica albuginea
860.
What is the "cap" at the top of a spermatazoon head?
A. Head
B. Tail
C. End piece
D. Middle piece
E. *Acrosome
861.
What is the name of mature sperm cell?
A. Primary spermatocyte
B. Secondary spermatocyte
C. Spermatid
D. Spermatogonia
E. *Spermatozoon
862.
Which cells of seminiferous tubule of testis are subdividing epithelium
into basal and adlumenal portions?
A. Spermatocytes
B. Leydig cells
C. Spermatogonia
D. Spermatids
E. *Sustentocytes
863.
Which of the following is NOT considered as part of the male genital
duct system?
A. Rete testis
B. Tubuli recti
C. Ductus deferens
D. Ductus epididymidis
E. *Seminal vesicles
864.
Which structures are typical for epithelial cells of epididymis?
A. Microvilli
B. Cilia
C. Keratosomes
D. Kinocilia
E. *Stereocilia
865.
Which hormone deficiency may cause delay of sexual maturation?
A. Estrogen
B. Follicle stimulating
C. Luteinizing
D. Progesterone
E. *Testosteronee
866.
What type of hormone is testosteronee?
A. Protein
B. Amino acid chain
C. Catecholamine
D. None of the above
E. *Steroid
867.
Which of the following is true about penis?
A. There is one corpus cavernosum and one corpus spongiosum
B. There is one corpus cavernosum and two corpora spongiosa
C. There are two corpora cavernosa and two corpora spongiosa
D. There are four corpora cavernosa and two corpora spongiosa
E. *There are two corpora cavernosa and one corpus spongiosum
868.
What does erectile tissue of penis include?
A. One corpus cavernosum and one corpus spongiosum
B. One corpus cavernosum and two corpora spongiosa
C. Two corpora cavernosa and two corpora spongiosa
D. Four corpora cavernosa and two corpora spongiosa
E. *Two corpora cavernosa and one corpus spongiosum
869.
Which organ of male reproductive system contains erectile tissue?
A. Testis
B. Ductus deferens
C. Epididymis
D. Seminal vesicles
E. *Penis
870.
Which organ of male reproductive system contains two corpora
cavernosa and one corpus spongiosum?
A. Testis
B. Ductus deferens
C. Epididymis
D. Seminal vesicles
E. *Penis
871.
Muscular-glandular organ has parenchyma with glands and urethra in
the middle of organ What is this?
A. Bulbo-urethral gland
B. Epididymis
C. Testis
D. Vas deferens
E. Prostate gland
872.
Which organ of male reproductive sytem lies around urethra and
contains a lot of small glands?
A. Seminal vesicle
B. Epididymis
C. Testis
D. Vas deferens
E. *Prostate gland
873.
. What is the most typical epithelium of prostatic glands?
A. Transitional
B. Stratified squamous
C. Simple squamous
D. Simple cuboidal
E. *Simple columnar
874.
Prostatic glands mainly consist of next epithelium:
A. Transitional
B. Stratified squamous
C. Urothelium
D. Simple cuboidal
E. *Simple columnar
875.
What type of epithelium lines the epididymis?
A. Simple columnar
B. Stratified squamous
C. Simple squamous
D. Simple cuboidal
E. *Pseudostratified
876.
Epididymal duct is lined with next type of epithelium:
A. Simple columnar
B. Stratified squamous
C. Urothelium
D. Simple cuboidal
E. *Pseudostratified
877.
. Cross section of seminiferous tubule shows spermatids and
spermatozoa. What is this stage of spermatogenesis?
A. Growth
B. Reproduction
C. Maturation
D. Fertilization
E. *Formation
878.
Spermatids and spermatozoa are typical for next stage of
spermatogenesis:
A. Growth
B. Reproduction
C. Maturation
D. Fertilization
E. *Formation
879.
Which cells are directly involved in spermatogenic epithelium?
A. Interstitial cells
B. Leydig cells
C. Fibrocytes
D. Macrophages
E. Sertoli cells
880.
Which cells belong to spermatogenic epithelium?
A. Interstitial cells
B. Leydig cells
C. Fibrocytes
D. Macrophages
E. *Sertoli and spermatogenic cells
881.
Disorders of male urination mostly may be due to this organ:
A. Testis
B. Epididymis
C. Seminal vesicles
D. Bulbourethral glands
E. *Prostate gland
882.
Androgenconnective protein is produced by:
A. Leydig cells
B. Seminal vesicles
C. Prostate gland
D. Bulbo-urethral glands
E. *Sertoli cells
883.
Boy testis hadn’t “dropped” into the scrotum. What may it result in?
A. Testosteronee will not be produced
B. The process of spermatogenesis will increase
C. The endocrine function of testis will increase
D. The development of the second sexual signs will be stopped
E. * Spermatogenesis disorders (infertility)
884.
Boy has cryptorchism (testis is disposed in retroperitoneal space. What
does it result in?
A. Testosteronee will not be produced
B. Spermatogenesis will increase
C. The endocrine function of testis will increase
D. The development of the second sexual signs will be stopped
E. *Infertility because of spermatogenesis disorders
885.
From afferent straight tubules spermatozoa move to:
A. Efferent tubules
B. Ejaculatory duct
C. Ampule of ductus deferens
D. Epididymal duct
E. *Rete testis
886.
From efferent straight tubules spermatozoa go to:
A. Rete testis
B. Efferent tubules
C. Ejaculatory duct
D. Ampule of ductus deferens
E. *Epididymal duct
887.
From epididymal duct spermatozoa move to:
A. Efferent tubules
B. Rete testis
C. Ductus defferens
D. Epididymal duct
E. *Ductus defferens
888.
What does haematotesticular barier consist of?
A. Capsule of testis
B. Sustentocytes with their tight junctions
C. Cells of interstitium
D. Interlobular connective tissue of testis
E. *The wall of seminiferous tubule and the wall of capillary
889.
What does haematotesticular barier seprate?
A. Capsule of testis from parenchyma
B. Sustentocytes
C. Cells of interstitium
D. Interlobular connectve tissue of testis
E. *Blood and spermatogenic epithelium
890.
Which organ of male reproductive system synthesizes fructose for
norishment of spermatozoa?
A. Prostate gland
B. Testis
C. *Bulbo-urethral glands
D. Penis
E. *Seminal vesicles
891.
At the stage of growth in spermatogenesis next process takes place:
A. Transformation of spermatocytes I into spermatocytes II
B. Transformation of spermatocytes into spermatids
C. Cap formation
D. Formation of a tail of spermatozoon
E. *Transformation of spermatogonia into spermatocytes I
892.
At the stage of growth in spermatogenesis next process takes place:
A. Cap formation
B. Transformation of spermatocytes I into spermatocytes II
C. Transformation of spermatocytes into spermatids
D. Formation of a tail of spermatozoon
E. *Growth of spermatocytes
893.
In what order the tubules of testis are situated?
A. Seminiferous, straight, efferent, rete testis
B. Efferent, seminiferous, rete testis, straight
C. Rete testis, efferent, seminiferous, straight
D. Seminiferous, rete testis, efferent, straight
E. *Seminiferous, straight afferent, rete testis, straight efferent
894.
In what part of male reproductive system the differentiation of
spermatozoa is already finished?
A. Straight tubules
B. Rete testis
C. Efferent tubules
D. Ductus defferens
E. *Epididymal duct
895.
Spermatozoa terminate their matiration in:
A. Straight tubules
B. Rete testis
C. Efferent tubules
D. Ductus defferens
E. *Epididymal duct
896.
In what part of sperm excretory ducts does epithelium contain
macrophages, which take control of the quality of sperm?
A. Straight ductules
B. Efferent ductules
C. Ductus deferens
D. Epididymal duct
E. *Rete testis
897.
Which organ of male reproductive system take special control of the
quality of sperm?
A. Straight ductules
B. Efferent ductules
C. Prostate gland
D. Ductus deferens
E. *Rete testis
898.
In what phase of spermatogenesis nucleus and cytoplasm of spermatids
are changed, which determines the formation of mature germ cells?
A. Proliferation
B. Maturation
C. Growth
D. Reproduction
E. *Formation
899.
Which phase of spermatogenesis shows prominent changes of
spermatozoa shape?
A. Meiosis
B. Maturation
C. Growth
D. Reproduction
E. *Formation
900.
At what stage of prophase of the meiosis I do sinapten complexes
appear?
A. Leptotene
B. Zygotene
C. Diplotene
D. Diakinesis
E. *Pachytene
901.
At what stage of prophase of the meiosis I maximal spiralisation of
chromosomes occure in spermatocytes I?
A. Leptotene
B. Zygotene
C. Diplotene
D. Diakinesis
E. *Pachytene
902.
At what stage of prophase of the meiosis I crossingover take placein
spermatocytes I?
A. Leptotene
B. Pachytene
C. Diplotene
D. Diakinesis
E. *Zygotene
903.
At what stage of spermatogenesis residual bodies appear:
A. Proliferation
B. Maturation
C. Growth
D. Reproduction
E. *Formation
904.
At what stage of spermatogenesis spermatogonia are transformed into
the preleptotene spermatocyte?
A. Proliferation
B. Maturation
C. Reproduction
D. Formation
E. *Growth
905.
Large round-shaped cells with an oxyphilic cytoplasm lie between
seminiferous tubules of testis. What are these cells?
A. Supporting cells
B. Sustentocytes
C. Spermatocytes
D. Spermatogonia
E. *Glandulocytes
906.
Certify testosterone producing cells of testis:
A. Spermatocytes
B. Spermatids
C. Muscle cells of seminiferous tubules wall
D. Macrophages
E. *Cells of Leydig
907.
Male sex hormones are mainly produced by:
A. Vas deferens
B. Prostate gland
C. Seminal vecles
D. Bulbourethral glands
E. *Testis
908.
Male sex hormones are produced by such types of cells:
A. * Spermatocytes
B. Cells of Leydig
C. Spermatids
D. Muscle cells of seminiferous tubules wall
E. *Cells of zona reticularis
909.
Special structural feature of male sex hormone producing cells:
A. Numerous mitochondria
B. Numerous ribosomes
C. Well developed Golgi apparatus
D. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
E. *Smooth endoplasmic reticulum and lipid inclusions
910.
Which inclusions are typical for Leydig cells?
A. Mucous
B. Protein
C. Pigmental
D. Excretory
E. *Lipid inclusions
911.
Which stage of gametogenesis is characterized by prominent changes of
nuclei and cytoplasm of cells?
A. Maturation
B. Growth
C. Reproduction
D. Proliferation
E. *Formation
912.
Nuclei and cytoplasm of spermatids are changed most of all at next
stage of gametogenesis:
A. Maturation
B. Fertilization
C. Reproduction
D. Proliferation
E. *Formation
913.
Organ has a lot of tubules, whose wall has basal, myoid and fibrous
layers, supporting cells and spermatogenic epithelium lie inside. What organ is
this?
A. Epididymis
B. Ductus deferens
C. Seminal vesicle
D. Prostate gland
E. *Testis
914.
Primary gametes at first appear in:
A. In testis
B. In entoderm of yolk sack
C. In the sexual humps
D. In urogenital sinuses
E. *In the primitive streak of embryo
915.
Semen of patient has no spermatozoa. What structure of testis has been
damaged?
A. Straight tubules
B. Rete testis
C. Afferent tubules
D. Efferent tubules
E. *Seminiferous tubules
916.
Speaking about seminiferous tubules everything is correct except of:
A. There are from one up to four tubules in each lobe of testis
B. Opened in straight tubules
C. There is a spermatogenic epithelium on a basement membrane
D. There is interstitium with the Leydig cells between tubules
E. *Have circular layer of smooth myocytes from outside
917.
Spermatogenic cells during gametogenesis are arranged in special
histologic structure:
A. Symplast
B. Symbiosis
C. Synapsis
D. Megacytoplazmion
E. *Syncitium
918.
Spermatogony enter the stage of reproduction:
A. In the wall of yolk sack
B. After a contact with the Sertoli cells
C. After the dropping of testis into a scrotum
D. In a period from birth to puberty
E. *With the beginning of pubertation
919.
Sustentocytes of seminiferous tubules originate from:
A. Gonoblast
B. Germinative epithelium of sexual cords
C. Epithelium of the primary kidney duct
D. Epithelium of the terminal kidney duct
E. *Mesenchima of indifferent sexual gland
920.
Smooth myocytes of seminiferous tubules originate from:
A. Gonoblast
B. Germinative epithelium of sexual cords
C. Epithelium of the primary kidney duct
D. Epithelium of the terminal kidney duct
E. *Mesenchima of indifferent sexual gland
921.
Testosteronee secretion is regulated by:
A. Lutropin
B. Oxitocin
C. Antidiuretic hormone
D. Prolactin
E. *Follicle stimulying hormone
922.
Testosteronee stimulates:
A. Spermatogenesis
B. Secretion of the prostate secretory cells
C. Secretion of the seminal vesicles secretory cells
D. Growth
E. *Development of the secondary sexual signs
923.
Main function of testosteronee is:
A. Spermatogenesis
B. Secretion of the prostatic juice
C. Secretion of the seminal vesicles
D. Growth
E. *Development of the secondary sexual signs
924.
Epithelium of which type was damaged in the rete testis as a result of
mechanical trauma of the scrotum?
A. Ciliated
B. Simple columnar
C. Germinal
D. Transitional
E. *Simple cuboidal
925.
Epithelium of which type lines rete testis?
A. Urothelium
B. Simple cuboidal
C. Germinal
D. Transitional
E. *Simple cuboidal
926.
Endocrine regulation of spermatogenesis is made by:
A. Testosteronee
B. Lutropin
C. Testosteronee
D. Progesteron
E. *Follicle stimulating hormone
927.
Which structure of spermatozoon contains tripsine-like enzymes?
A. Mitochondrial sheath
B. Neck
C. Hyaloplasm
D. Nucleus
E. *Acrosome
928.
Usual place of tripsine-like enzymes maturation in acrosome of
spermatozoon is:
A. Testis
B. Rete testis
C. Vas deferens
D. Prostate gland
E. *Epididumal duct
929.
Leydig cells are located in:
A. Penis
B. Prostate gland
C. Seminal vesicles
D. Straight tubules
E. *Connectve tissue of testis, epididymis
930.
Parenchyma of epididymis body and tail is formed by:
A. Efferent tubules
B. Ductus deferens
C. Seminiferous tubules
D. Straight tubules
E. *Epididymal duct
931.
Parenchyma of head of epididymis is formed by:
A. Efferent tubules
B. Ductus deferens
C. Seminiferous tubules
D. Epididymal duct
E. *Straight efferent tubules
932.
How does head of epididymis originate?
A. Ductus deferens is twisted
B. Seminiferous tubules fuse
C. Straight tubules are twisted
D. Epididymal duct alongates
E. *Efferent tubules merge in order
933.
The parenchyma of prostate gland is formed by:
A. Excretory ducts of these glands
B. Connective tissue capsule
C. Bundles of smooth muscle cells
D. Leydig cells
E. *30-50 separated and branched tubular-alveolar glands
934.
Inflammation of testis may violate the production of spermatocytes in
next structure:
A. Rete testis
B. Ductuli recti
C. Ductuli efferentes testis
D. Ductus epididimidis
E. *Ductuli seminiferi contorti
935.
The stage of maturation in spermatogenesis begins with:
A. Reduction division of spermatogonias
B. Mitotic division of spermatogonia
C. Meiotic division of spermatocytes
D. Mitotic division of spermatocytes
E. *Reduction division of spermatocytes
936.
The stage of reproduction in spermatogenesis means:
A. Reduction division of spermatocytes
B. Reduction division of spermatogonias
C. Meiotic division of spermatocytes
D. Mitotic division of spermatocytes
E. *Mitotic divisions of spermatogonia
937.
The stage of maturation in spermatogenesis begins with:
A. Reduction division of spermatogonias
B. Mitotic division of spermatogonia
C. Meiotic division of spermatocytes
D. Mitotic division of spermatocytes
E. * Reduction division of spermatocytes
938.
Zone of Sertoli cells tight junctions divides spermatogenic epithelium
into two layers:
A. Basal and apical
B. Deep and superficial
C. Spermatogenic and non spermatogenic
D. Right and left
E. *Basal and adluminal
939.
There are three zones of urethra depending on the features of epithelium
structure. Please, name them.
A. Ejaculatory, prostatic, spongy
B. Cavernous, spongy, prepucial
C. Superior, middle, inferior
D. Prostatic, intermediate, skin
E. *Prostatic, membranous, cavernous
940.
To the external additional organs of the male reproductive system
belongs:
A. Prostate
B. Testis
C. Seminal vesicles
D. Sperm excretory ways
E. *Penis
941.
To the male sex glands belongs:
A. Prostate gland
B. Seminal vesicles
C. Bulbo-urethral glands
D. Penis
E. *Testis
942.
What is main structural component of spermatozoon tail?
A. Acrosome
B. Mitochondrial sheath
C. Proximal centriole
D. Nucleus
E. *Axonema (axial filament)
943.
What are the tunices of ductus deferens wall?
A. Mucosa, muscle, serosa
B. Mucosa, submucosa, muscle, adventitia
C. Mucosa, muscular-elastic, serosa
D. Mucosa, muscle, fibrosa
E. *Mucosa, muscle, adventitia
944.
What are the tunices of epididymal duct?
A. Mucosa, muscle, serosa
B. Mucosa, submucosa, muscle, adventitia
C. Mucosa, muscular-elastic, serosa
D. Muscle, mucosa, fibrosa
E. *Mucosa, muscle, adventitia
945.
What are the tunices of urethra wall in cavernosus part?
A. Mucosa, submucosa, serosa
B. Mucosa, muscle, adventitia
C. Mucosa, submucosa, muscle
D. Mucosa, submucosa, adventitia
E. *Mucosa, submucosa, fibrosa, adventitia
946.
What are the tunices of urethra wall in pars membranacea?
A. Mucosa, submucosa, serosa
B. Mucosa, submucosa, muscle
C. Mucosa, submucosa, fibrosa, adventitia
D. Mucosa, submucosa, adventitia
E. *Mucosa, muscle, adventitia
947.
What cells of male sex glands usually promote the number of
spermatozoa by their division?
A. Sertoli cells
B. Sustentocytes
C. Supporting cells
D. Leydig cells
E. *Spermatogonia
948.
What cells of testis are producing ingibin, which depress a follicle
stimulating function of hypophysis in the postnatal period of a man
development?
A. Sustentocytes
B. Muscle cells
C. Spermatogenic cells
D. Fibroblastic cells
E. *Glandulocytes
949.
What embryonic source does connective tissue of testis originate from?
A. onoblasts
B. Epithelium of sexual cords
C. Tubules of primary kidney
D. Mesenchima of primary kidney
E. *Mesenchyma of indifferent gonads
950.
What function is not special for sustentocytes?
A. Create microenvironment for the differentiation of gametes
B. Protection of gametes from toxins and antigens
C. Fagocytosis of abnormal and degenerative gametes
D. Take part in the formation of hematotesticular barrier
E. *Synthesis of testosterone
951.
What function is typical for sustentocytes?
A. Create alkaline medium
B. Synthesis of testosterone
C. Protection of abnormal and degenerative gametes
D. Transmembrane transport
E. *Create microenvironment for the differentiation of gametes
952.
What function is typical for sustentocytes?
A. Create alkaline medium
B. Synthesis of testosterone
C. Protection of abnormal and degenerative gametes
D. Transmembrane transport
E. *Protection of gametes from toxins and antigens
953.
What function is typical for sustentocytes?
A. Create alkaline medium
B. Synthesis of testosterone
C. Protection of abnormal and degenerative gametes
D. Transmembrane transport
E. *Fagocytosis of abnormal and degenerative gametes
954.
What function is typical for sustentocytes?
A. Create alkaline medium
B. Synthesis of testosterone
C. Protection of abnormal and degenerative gametes
D. Transmembrane transport
E. *Take part in the formation of hematotesticular barrier
955.
Secret of what glands promotes an alkaline environment of sperm and
increases activity of spermatozoa?
A. Prostate gland
B. Testis
C. Bulbo-urethral glands
D. Prepucial glands of a penis
E. *Seminal vesicles
956.
What hormone is mostly produced by endocrine cells of testis?
A. Follicle stimulating
B. Luteinizing
C. Prostaglandins
D. Progesteron
E. *Testosterone
957.
What hormone of hypophysis controls the proliferation of
spermatogonia?
A. Thyrotroihc
B. Somatotrophic (growth)
C. Adrenocorticotrophic
D. Luteinizing
E. *Follicle stimulating
958.
What hormone of hypophysis controls endocrine function of testis?
A. Follicle stimulating
B. Thyrotroihc
C. Somatotrophic (growth)
D. Adrenocorticotrophic
E. *Luteinizing
959.
What are target cells for luteinizing hormone in testis?
A. Sertoli cells
B. Sustentocytes
C. Supporting cells
D. Spermatogonia
E. *Leydig cells
960.
What is chromosomal set of human spermatozoon?
A. Diploid
B. Polyploid
C. Triploid
D. Tetraploid
E. *Haploid
961.
Which spermatogenic cells are situated in the adluminal layer of
seminiferous tubules of testis?
A. Spermatogonia
B. Spermatocytes
C. Leydig cells
D. Sertolli cells
E. *Spermatids and spermatozoa
962.
What is the main function of Leydig cells?
A. Protective
B. Supportive
C. Trophic
D. Exretory
E. *Incretory (endocrine)
963.
What is the order of spermatogenesis phases in testis?
A. Maturation, reproduction, growth, formation
B. Growth, maturation, reproduction, formation
C. Formation, maturation, reproduction
D. Reproduction, maturation, growth, formation
E. *Reproduction, growth, maturation, formation
964.
What is the embryonic source of spermatogonia and ovogonia
development?
A. Celomic epithelium of indifferent sexual gland
B. Mesenchima of indifferent sexual gland
C. Epithelium of the primary renal tubuli
D. Epithelium of the terminal renal tubuli
E. *Gonocytoblasts
965.
What layers does the wall of seminiferous tubule have?
A. Epithelium, lamina propria, muscle
B. Connective tissue, fibrous, myoid
C. Endothelium, subendothelium, muscle
D. Reticular, basal, connective tissue
E. *Basal, myoid, fibrous
966.
Wall of seminiferous tubule has next layers:
A. Epithelium, basement membrane, lamina propria,
B. Connective tissue, fibrous, myoid
C. Endothelium, subendothelium, muscle
D. Reticular, basal, connective tissue
E. *Basal, myoid, fibrous
967.
What organell does acrosome of spermatozoon originate from?
A. Granular endoplazmic reticulum
B. Complex of Golgi
C. Agranular endoplazmic reticulum
D. Lyzosomes
E. *Peroxisomes
968.
What organell does tail of spermatozoon originate from?
A. Granular endoplazmic reticulum
B. Complex of Golgi
C. Agranular endoplazmic reticulum
D. Lyzosomes
E. *Flagella
969.
What statement is most special for Leydig cells?
A. Situated in basale layer between Sertoli cells
B. Produce testosterone
C. Contains secretory granules
D. Small basophilic cells
E. *Have receptors for lutropin
970.
What staiment is typical for Leydig cells?
A. Neutral
B. Polichromatophilic
C. Neutrophilic
D. Basophilic
E. *Oxyphilic
971.
What statement is special for Sertoli cells?
A. Belong to spermatogenic epithelium
B. Have receptors for folitropin
C. Perform trophic function
972.
973.
974.
975.
976.
977.
978.
979.
D. Synthesize prostaglandins
E. *Cells of mesenchymal origin
What statement is special for Sertoli cells?
A. Belong to spermatogenic epithelium
B. Have receptors of folitropin
C. Perform trophic function
D. Synthesize testosterone
E. *Cells arranged in syncitium
What statements are special for spermatids?
A. Cells which pass through prophase of meiosis
B. Have a diploid number of chromosomes
C. Cells, which completed stage of formation
D. Cells, which appear as a result of meiosis I
E. *Cells that were formed after meiosis II
What statement is special for spermatocytes I?
A. Have haploid number of chromosomes
B. Cells that were formed after meiosis II,
C. Cells, which completed the formation stage
D. Cells, which appear as a result of meiosis I
E. *Cells pass through prophase of meiosis
What statement is special for spermatocytes II?
A. Cells pass through prophase of meiosis
B. Have a diploid number of chromosomes
C. Cells that were formed after meiosis II
D. Cells, which completed the formation stage
E. *Cells, which appear as a result of meiosis I
What statement is special for spermatozoa?
A. Cells pass through prophase of meiosis
B. Have a diploid number of chromosomes
C. * Cells that were formed after meiosis II have haploid number of
chromosomes
D. Cells which appear as a result of meiosis I
E. *Cells which completed the formation stage
What statements are special for spermatogonia?
A. Cells pass through prophase of meiosis
B. Cells that were formed after meiosis II
C. Cells, which completed the formation stage
D. Cells, which appear as a result of meiosis I
E. *Mitotically dividing cells with diploid number of chromosomes
What structural component is disposed in the neck of spermatozoon?
A. Axonema (axial filament)
B. Acrosome
C. Mitochondrial sheath
D. Nucleus
E. *Proximal centriole
What does neck of spermatozoon contain?
A. Axial filament
B. Acrosome
C. Mitochondrial sheath
D. Nucleus
E. *Proximal centriole
980.
What structural component is disposed in the principal part of
spermatozoon tail?
A. Axonema (axial filament)
B. Acrosome
C. Proximal centriole
D. Nucleus
E. *Mitochondrial sheath
981.
What structure of prostate gland prevents the rephluxe of sperm into
urinary bladder during ejaculation?
A. Prostate duct
B. Prostasomes
C. Prostatic concrecias
D. Sphincter
E. *Seminal tuberculum
982.
What structures appear as a result of differentiation of sexual cords of
the primary kidney?
A. Epididymal duct
B. Ductus deferens
C. Ejaculatory duct
D. Urethra
E. *Tubules of testis
983.
Differentiation of sexual cords of primary kidney results in appearance
of:
A. Epididymal duct
B. Ductus deferens
C. Prostate gland
D. Urethra
E. *Seminiferous tubules of testis
984.
What structures do not belong to the sperm excretory ways?
A. Ejaculatory duct
B. Efferent tubules
C. Epididymis tubules
D. Straight tubules
E. *Seminiferous tubules
985.
What structures lie in submucosa of urethra?
A. Glands of protein type
B. Sweat-glands
C. Prepucial oil glands
D. Bulbo-urethral glands
E. *Littre’s mucosal glands
986.
Which cells are disposed in basal layer of seminiferous tubules of testis?
A. Macrophages
B. Spermatids
C. Spermatozoa
D. Leydig cells
E. Spermatogonia
987.
Which cells of male sex gland are producing testosterone?
A. Sustentocytes
B. Sertoli cells
C. Supporting cells
D. Spermatozoa
E. *Cells of Leydig
988.
Which organ of male reproductive system is secreting prostaglandines?
A. Testis
B. Seminal vesicles
C. Bulbo-urethral glands
D. Prepucial glands of a penis
E. *Prostate gland
989.
Which organs of male reproductive system have epithelial cells with
stereocilia?
A. Seminal vesicles
B. Prostate gland
C. Seminiferous tubules
D. Urethra
E. *Ejaculatory duct
990.
Which organs of male reproductive system have epithelial cells with
stereocilia?
A. Seminal vesicles
B. Prostate gland
C. Seminiferous tubules
D. Urethra
E. *Epididymal duct
991.
Which process occurs in spermatogenesis at the stage of reproduction?
A. Reduction division of spermatocytes
B. Reduction division of spermatogonia
C. Meiotic division of spermatocytes
D. Mitotic division of spermatocytes
E. *Mitotic divisions of spermatogonia
992.
What is the type of ovarial follicle with 1 layer of flat follicular cells?
A. Secondary follicle
B. Mature follicle
C. Atretic follicle
D. Primary follicle
E. *Primordial follicle
993.
What is the type of ovarial follicle with 1-2 layers of cuboidal follicular
cells?
A. Primordial follicle
B. Secondary follicle
C. Mature follicle
D. Atretic follicle
E. *Primary follicle
994.
What is the type of ovarial follicle with a lot of follicular cells and space
inside?
A. Primordial follicle
B. Mature follicle
C. Atretic follicle
D. Primary follicle
E. *Secondary follicle
995.
What is the shape of follicular cells which surround oocyte in primordial
follicle?
A. Cuboidal
B. Columnar
C. Hexagonal
D. Stellate
E. *Flat
996.
What is the shape of follicular cells which surround oocyte in primary
follicle?
A. Columnar
B. Hexagonal
C. Stellate
D. Flat
E. *Cuboidal
997.
What is the shape of follicular cells which surround oocyte in secondary
follicle?
A. Hexagonal
B. Stellate
C. Flat
D. Cuboidal
E. *Columnar
998.
What does primordial follicle consist of?
A. Oocyte and stellate follicular cells
B. Oocyte and columnar follicular cells
C. Follicle with space and oocyte
D. Maltilayered follicle with space and oocyte on cumulus oophorus
E. *Oocyte and flat follicular cells
999.
What does primary follicle consist of?
A. Oocyte and stellate follicular cells
B. Follicle with space and oocyte
C. Maltilayered follicle with space and oocyte on cumulus oophorus
D. Oocyte and flat follicular cells
E. *Oocyte and columnar follicular cells
1000.
What does secondary follicle consist of?
A. Oocyte and stellate follicular cells
B. Oocyte and columnar follicular cells
C. Maltilayered follicle with space and oocyte on cumulus oophorus
D. Oocyte and flat follicular cells
E. *Follicle with space and oocyte
1001.
What does tertiary (mature) follicle consist of?
A. Oocyte and stellate follicular cells
B. Oocyte and columnar follicular cells
C. Follicle with space and oocyte
D. Oocyte and flat follicular cells
E. *Multilayered follicle with antrum and oocyte on cumulus oophorus
1002.
What is the name of structure on which oocyte is disposed in mature
follicle of ovary?
A. Corpus luteum
B. Theca externa
C. Corpus albicans
D. Theca interna
E. *Cumulus oophorus
1003.
What does wall of Graafian follicle consist of?
A. Fibrosa
B. Connective tissue
C. Epithelium
D. Follicular cells
E. *Granulosa cells and theca (interna and externa)
1004.
Which layers of Graafian follicle theca do you know?
A. Layers of granulosa cells
B. Theca media and externa
C. Theca interna and media
D. Theca interna, media and externa
E. *Theca interna and externa
1005.
What does theca interna of Graafian follicle wall consist of?
A. Loose connective tissue
B. Dense connective tissue
C. Secretory tissue
D. Muscular tissue
E. *Vascularized connective tissue
1006.
What does theca externa wall of Graafian follicle consist of?
A. Loose connective tissue
B. Dense connective tissue
C. Secretory tissue
D. Muscular tissue
E. *Fibrous layer of connective tissue
1007.
Certify cells of Graafian follicle theca:
A. Fibrocytes
B. Granulosa cells
C. Luteocytes
D. Secretory cells
E. *Thecocytes
1008.
Which cells does corpus luteum of ovary consist of?
A. Fibrocytes
B. Granulosa cells
C. Secretory cells
D. Thecocytes
E. *Luteocytes
1009.
Which types of corpus luteum cells (luteocytes do you know?
A. Fibrocytes and fibroblasts
B. Myocytes and fibrocytes
C. Luteocytes and Myocytes
D. Secretory cells and resting cells
E. *Granulosa lutein cells and theca lutein cells
1010.
Estrogens level in female blood is higher. Which structures of ovary are
producing them?
A. Atretic follicles
B. Corpus luteum
C. Corpus albicans
D. Atretic bodies
E. *Maturing follicles
1011.
Oval structures with remnant of zona pellucida inside are disposed in
the cortex of ovary. What are these structures?
A. Corpus luteum
B. Primordial follicles
C. Maturing follicles
D. Corpus albicans
E. *Atretic follicles
1012.
What is the main difference between corpus albicans and atretic follicle?
A. Corpus has no blood vessels
B. Atretic follicle lies in cortex
C. Corpus albicans contains zona pellucida
D. Corpus albicans has connective tissue
E. *Atretic follicle contains zona pellucida
1013.
As a result of chronical inflammation tunica albuginea of ovary is
thicker and stronger. What does it result in?
A. Blockage of ovogenesis
B. Decrease of progesterone synthesis
C. Decrease of estrogens synthesis
D. Follicles will not develop
E. *Blockage of ovulation (anovulatory cycles)
1014.
Which structures of ovary are producing estrogens?
A. Atretic follicles
B. Corpus luteum
C. Corpus albicans
D. Atretic bodies
E. *Tecocytes of maturing follicles
1015.
Yellowish structure is disposed in the cortex of histological specimen of
ovary. What is this structure?
A. Atretic follicle
B. Corpus albicans
C. Maturing follicle
D. Atretic body
E. *Corpus luteum
1016.
Large follicle with distinct theca in the wall is disposed under tunica
albuginea of ovary. What is this follicle?
A. Atretic follicle
B. Corpus luteum
C. Corpus albicans
D. Atretic body
E. *Mature follicle
1017.
Name of large follicle with distinct theca in the wall under tunica
albuginea of ovary is:
A. Atretic follicle
B. Corpus luteum
C. Corpus albicans
D. Atretic body
E. Graafian follicle
1018.
Which tunica surrounds ovary?
A. Adventitia
B. Delicate
C. Mucosa
D. Atretic
E. *Tunica albuginea
1019.
What tissue does tunica albuginea of ovary consist of?
A. Muscular tissue
B. Loose connective tissue
C. Epithelial tissue
D. Follicular tissue
E. *Dense connective tissue
1020.
What tissue covers tunica albuginea of ovary over the surface?
A. Muscular tissue
B. Loose connective tissue
C. Follicular tissue
D. Dense connective tissue
E. *Simple squamous epithelium
1021.
Progesterone is produced by:
A. Ovarial follicles
B. Anterior pituitary
C. Atretic follicles
D. Atretic bodies
E. *Corpus luteum
1022.
What does corpus luteum secret?
A. Ovarial hormones
B. Growth hormone
C. Insulin-like hormone
D. Luteinizing hormone
E. *Progesterone
1023.
Which structure of ovary is responsible for increase of progesterone
level in female blood?
1024.
1025.
1026.
1027.
1028.
1029.
1030.
A. Atretic follicle
B. Corpus albicans
C. Atretic body
D. Maturing follicle
E. *Corpus luteum
Cambial cells of endometrium are disposed:
A. In the neck of crypts
B. In the body of crypts
C. In lamina propria
D. In lining epithelium
E. *In the bottom of uterine glands
Corpus luteum of ovary mainly consists of:
A. Blood vessels
B. Fibroblasts
C. Tecocytes
D. Granulosa cells
E. *Luteocytes
Endometrium has next functional layers:
A. thin and thick
B. regular and irregular
C. smooth and rough
D. full and partial
E. *functional and basal
Epithelium of which type covers endometrium:
A. stratified squamous nonkeratinized
B. stratified squamous keratinized
C. transitional
D. germinative
E. *simple ciliated
What does wall of uterus consist of?
A. Epithelium and lamina propria
B. myometrium and perimetrium
C. perimetrium and endometrium
D. parametrium andperimetrium
E. *endometrium, myometrium and perimetrium
What is innermost tunica of uterus?
A. perimetrium
B. myometrium
C. parametrium
D. adventitia
E. *endometrium
What is middle tunica of uterus?
A. perimetrium
B. parametrium
C. adventitia
D. endometrium
E. *myometrium
1031.
What is outer tunica of uterus?
A. myometrium
B. parametrium
C. adventitia
D. endometrium
E. *perimetrium
1032.
Location of decidual cells in the wall of uterus?
A. epithelium
B. myometrium
C. perimetrium
D. parametrium
E. *lamina propria
1033.
Vaginal epithelium consists of next layers:
A. lower and upper
B. basal and superfitial
C. stratum basale, spinosum, granulosum
D. cuboidal and squamous
E. *basal, parabasal and superficial
1034.
Vaginal mucosa is lined with:
A. simple columnar ciliated epithelium
B. simple squamous epithelium
C. transitional epithelium
D. germinative epithelium
E. *stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium
1035.
What does contractability of uterus depend on?
A. ntidiuretic hormone
B. follicle stimulying hormone
C. luteinizing hormone
D. luliberin
E. *oxytocin
1036.
Which tissue mainly promotes regeneration of uterine wall after the
operation of cesarian section?
A. smooth myocytes
B. sceletal muscular
C. abnormal
D. myoepithelial cells
E. *connective tissue
1037.
Which tunics are present in the wall of uterine tube?
A. functional and basal
B. mucosa, serosa
C. mucosa, muscular
D. mucosa, submucosa, muscular, adventitia
E. *mucosa, muscular, serosa
1038.
Which type of glands does endometrium contain?
A. simple alveolar glands
B. compound tubular glands
C. serous
D. branched alveolar
E. *uterine crypts
1039.
Certify tunics of the uterus.
A. mucosa, adventitia
B. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, adventitia
C. mucosa, muscularis, adventitia
D. mucosa, submucosa, serosa
E. *endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium
1040.
Which hormone may correct insufficiency of uterine contractile
activity?
A. prostaglandine
B. testosterone
C. inhibin
D. progesterone
E. *oxytocin
1041.
Low level of progesterone and estrogens is typical for next stage of
menstrual cycle:
A. premenstrual
B. postmenstrual (regeneration)
C. postmenstrual (prolipheration)
D. resting period
E. *menstrual
1042.
As a result of chronicle inflammation, tunica albuginea of both ovaries
of woman is thick and dense. What may it result in?
A. disorders of ovogenesis
B. decrease of estrogens
C. decrease of progesterone
D. tubal pregnancy
E. *anovulatory cycles
1043.
Woman has anovulatory menstrual cycles. Which process does not
occur in such situation?
A. reconstruction of follicle after oocyte is dying
B. proliferation of granulose cells
C. accumulation of lutein by follicular cells
D. decrease of mature follicle size
E. *ovulation (rupture of follicle and release of oocyte into peritoneal
cavity)
1044.
Mature follicles were revealed in ovarian cortex. At which stage of
ovogenesis are they produced?
A. small growth
B. maturation
C. reproduction
D. formation
E. *large growth
1045.
What is the type of follicle which has oocyte with oxyphilic reddish
tunica and 1-2 layers of cuboidal follicular cells around it. ?
A. primordial
B. secondary
C. mature
D. atretic
E. *primary
1046.
Which hormone insufficiency may cause problem of breast feeding of
baby (secretion of milk by lactocytes is not violated)?
A. follicle stimulating hormone
B. lutropin
C. prolactin
D. gonadocrinin
E. *oxytocin
1047.
What stage of menstrual-ovarian cycle is characterized with hyperemy
of ovary, large follicle with thin wall which protrudes over the surface?.
A. premenstrual
B. menstrual
C. resting period
D. ovulation
E. *preovulatory
1048.
Endometrium is edematous, coiled uterine glands are crowded with
viscous secret. Which hormone causes these changes in endometrium?
A. estrogens
B. testosterone
C. growth hormone
D. ACTH
E. *progesterone
1049.
What hormone does insufficiency of uterine contractile activity depend
on?
A. hydrocortisone
B. estrogen
C. aldosteron
D. progesterone
E. *xytocin
1050.
Disorders of which pituitary hormone may cause irregular menstrualovarian cycle?
A. thyrotrophic
B. prolactin
C. growth hormone
D. ACTH
E. *luteinizing
1051.
1st stage of corpus luteum development
A. glandular metamorphosis
B. secretion
C. involution
D. regeneration
E. *vascularisation
1052.
2nd stage of corpus luteum development
A. vascularisation
B. secretion
C. involution
D. regeneration
E. *glandular metamorphosis
1053.
3rd stage of corpus luteum development
A. vascularisation
B. glandular metamorphosis
C. involution
D. regeneration
E. *secretion
1054.
Endometrium of infertile women has significant changes which were
caused by progesterone. What is it produced by?
A. hypothalamus
B. ovarian follicles
C. adenohypophysis
D. neurohypophysis
E. *corpus luteum of ovary
1055.
At which stage of menstrual cycle endometrial stroma has very few
undifferentiated cells?
A. premenstrual
B. postmenstrual (regeneration)
C. postmenstrual (proliferation)
D. resting period
E. *menstrual
1056.
Hyperemic female ovary has large follicle with thin wall. Permeability
of hemato-follicular barrier is high. What stage of menstrual-ovarian cycle is it
typical for?
A. premenstrual
B. menstrual
C. resting period
D. ovulation
E. *preovulatory
1057.
In the specimen of ovary it is seen round structure which contains
glandulocytes with lipid droplets. What is this structure?
A. primordial follicle
B. primary follicle
C. mature follicle
D. atretic body
E. *corpus luteum
1058.
Which component of uterine wall is responsible for bleeding stop after
parturition (labor) most of all?
A. functional layer of endometrium
B. basal layer of endometrium
C. perimetrium
D. submucosa
E. *myometrium middle layer
1059.
Impassabilityof uterine tubes may appear because of adhesions. Which
tissue they consist of?
A. epithelial
B. smooth muscular
C. dense connective regular
D. dense connective irregular
E. *oose connective
1060.
Lamina propria of uterus contains large polygonal cells rich with lipids
and glycogen. What are these cells?
A. smooth myocytes
B. endothelium of damaged vessels
C. myofibroblasts
D. fibroblasts
E. *decidual cells
1061.
Which stage of menstrual cycle is characterized with edema and
thickening of endometrium, and presence of a lot of coiled wide glands which
produce mucous?
A. menstrual
B. regeneration
C. prolipheration
D. resting period
E. *secretory
1062.
Which stage of menstrual cycle is characterized with high level of
progesterone and low one of estrogens?
A. menstrual
B. postmenstrual (regeneration)
C. postmenstrual (prolipheration)
D. resting period
E. *premenstrual
1063.
Alveoli of mammary gland consist of:
A. lactocytes
B. adipocytes
C. fibroblasts
D. myocytes
E. *lactocytes and myoepithelial cells
1064.
Anovulatory ovarian cycle means:
A. development of corpus luteum
B. development of follicles
C. development of corpus albicans
D. atretic follicle development
E. *absence of ovulation
1065.
What hypothalamic hormone insufficiency may cause low contractility
of uterus in labor?
A. antidiuretic hormone
B. follicle stimulying hormone
C. luteinizing hormone
D. luliberin
E. oxytocin
1066.
Corpus luteum secretion in ovarial cycle is regulated by:
A. estrogenes
B. progesterone
C. luteinizing hormone
D. follicle stimulying hormone
E. *lutropin
1067.
Epithelium of which type covers the vaginal mucosa?
A. simple columnar ciliated
B. simple squamous
C. transitional
D. germinative
E. *stratified squamous nonkeratinized
1068.
Epithelium of which type does uterine tube mucosa have?
A. simple squamous
B. transitional
C. germinative
D. stratified squamous nonkeratinized
E. *simple columnar ciliated
1069.
Epithelium of which type covers ectocervix (outer surface) of uterus?
A. simple ciliated
B. simple squamous
C. transitional
D. germinative
E. *stratified squamous nonkeratinized
1070.
Epithelium of which type covers endocervix (inner surface of cervix) of
uterus?
A. stratified squamous nonkeratinized
B. simple squamous
C. transitional
D. germinative
E. *simple ciliated
1071.
First stage of menstrual cycle:
A. postmenstrual
B. premenstrual
C. early
D. late
E. *menstrual
1072.
Follicular stage of ovarial cycle is regulated by:
A. estrogenes
B. progesterone
C. luteinizing hormone
D. growth hormone
E. *follicle stimulying hormone
1073.
Follicular stage of ovarian cycle is characterized by:
A. development of corpus luteum
B. ovulation
C. development of corpus albicans
D. atretic follicle development
E. *development of follicles
1074.
Histological changes of uterine mucosa in menstrual stage
A. prolipheration of epithelium
B. secretion of crypts
C. prolipheration and bleeding
D. secretion and bleeding
E. *desquamation and bleeding
1075.
Histological changes of uterine mucosa in postmenstrual stage
A. desquamation and bleeding
B. secretion of crypts
C. prolipheration and bleeding
D. secretion and bleeding
E. *prolipheration of epithelium
1076.
Histological changes of uterine mucosa in premenstrual stage
A. desquamation and bleeding
B. prolipheration of epithelium
C. prolipheration and bleeding
D. secretion and bleeding
E. *secretion of crypts
1077.
How does the space of uterine tube look-like?
A. round-shaped
B. flattened
C. rectangular
D. stellate
E. *labyrinth-like
1078.
How does the uterine gland look-like in postmenstrual stage
A. straight
B. coiled
C. coiled with a lot of mucus
D. absent
E. *damaged
1079.
How does the uterine gland look-like in premenstrual stage
A. straight
B. coiled
C. absent
D. damaged
E. *coiled with a lot of mucus
1080.
How many layers are there in the myometrium?
A. 1 layer of skeletal muscular tissue
B. 2 layers of skeletal muscular tissue
C. 1 layer of smooth muscular tissue
D. 2 layers of smooth muscular tissue
E. *3 layers of smooth muscular tissue
1081.
In artificial abortion uterine mucosa was radically deleted. What may it
lead to?
A. uterine glands will not regenerate
B. blood supply disorders
C. inflammation of mucosa
D. disorders of innervation
E. *regeneration of endometrium will be impossible
1082.
Uterine mucosa is edematous, glands are coiled, filled with thick secret.
What hormone causes such changes of endometrium?
A. estrogens
B. testosterone
C. growth hormone
D. AKTG
E. *progesterone
1083.
Certify epithelium of uterine mucosa:
A. stratified squamous nonkeratinized
B. urothelium
C. transitional
D. germinative
E. *simple ciliated
1084.
Certify epithelium of uterine tube mucosa:
A. simple squamous
B. transitional
C. germinative
D. stratified nonkeratinized
E. *simple columnar ciliated
1085.
Certify epithelium of vaginal mucosa:
A. simple ciliated
B. simple squamous
C. transitional
D. urothelium
E. *stratified squamous nonkeratinised
1086.
Inner surface of uterine cervix is covered by:
A. stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithgelium
B. simple squamous epithgelium
C. transitional epithgelium
D. germinative epithgelium
E. *simple columnar ciliated epithgelium
1087.
Innermost layer of myometrium:
A. vascular
B. epivascular
C. circular
D. longitudinal
E. *submucosal
1088.
Layers of myometrium are the next:
A. mucosal and submucosal
B. central and peripheral
C. deep and superfitial
D. circular and longitudinal
E. *submucosal, vascular and epivascular
1089.
Location of cambial cells which are responsible for the regeneration of
endometrium:
A. in the neck of crypts
B. in the body of crypts
C. in lamina propria
D. in ciliated epithelium
E. *in the bottom of uterine glands
1090.
Lutein stage of ovarian cycle is characterized by:
A. ovulation
B. development of corpus albicans
C. development of follicles
D. atretic follicle development
E. *development of corpus luteum
1091.
Menstrual cycle mainly means periodic changes of:
A. myometrium
B. perimetrium
C. parametrium
D. cervix
E. *endometrium
1092.
Menstrual stage of menstrual cycle depends on:
A. estrogenes
B. progesterone
C. luteinizing hormone
D. folliclestimulying hormone
E. *sharp decrease of progesterone
1093.
Middle layer of myometrium:
A. submucosal
B. epivascular
C. circular
D. longitudinal
E. *vascular
1094.
Most typical feature of atretic follicle:
A. connective tissue
B. blood vessels
C. smooth myocytes
D. granulosa cells
E. *remnant of oocyte zona pellucida
1095.
Outer layer of myometrium:
A. submucosal
B. vascular
C. circular
D. longitudinal
E. *epivascular
1096.
Outer surface of uterine cervix is covered by:
A. simple squamous epithelium
B. transitional epithelium
1097.
1098.
1099.
1100.
1101.
1102.
1103.
1104.
C. germinative epithelium
D. simple columnar ciliated epithelium
E. *stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium
Ovarian cycle means periodic changes of:
A. uterine tube
B. endometrium
C. myometrium
D. perimetrium
E. *ovary
Ovulation of ovarian follicle depends on:
A. estrogenes
B. progesterone
C. luteinizing hormone
D. folliclestimulying hormone
E. *lutropin
Ovulatory stage of ovarian cycle is characterized by:
A. development of corpus luteum
B. development of corpus albicans
C. development of follicles
D. atretic follicle development
E. * ovulation
Perimetrium is made of:
A. adventitia
B. muscular tissue
C. connective tissue
D. epithelial tissue
E. *serosa
Postmenstrual stage of menstrual cycle is regulated by:
A. progesterone
B. luteinizing hormone
C. folliclestimulying hormone
D. sharp decrease of progesterone
E. *estrogenes
Premenstrual stage of menstrual cycle is regulated by:
A. estrogenes
B. luteinizing hormone
C. folliclestimulying hormone
D. sharp decrease of progesterone
E. *progesterone
Second stage of menstrual cycle:
A. menstrua
B. premenstrual
C. early
D. late
E. *postmenstrual
Special feature of epithelial cells of vagina:
A. large cells
1105.
1106.
1107.
1108.
1109.
1110.
1111.
1112.
B. small cells
C. a lot of layers
D. mucus producing cells
E. *glycogen and lipid inclusions
Special feature of smooth myocytes of myometrium:
A. are oval shaped
B. have myofibrils
C. have striations
D. multinucleated
E. *have processes
Specific feature of blood vessels in functional layer of endometrium:
A. capillaries are absent
B. there no lymphatics
C. veins are nonmuscular
D. a lot of anastomoses
E. *arteries are tortuous
Stages of corpus luteum development in order:
A. vascularisation, glandular metamorphosis
B. glandular metamorphosis, secretion, involution
C. vascularisation, secretion, involution
D. vascularisation, glandular metamorphosis, involution
E. *vascularisation, glandular metamorphosis, secretion, involution
Staiment of decidual cells of endometrium is:
A. basophilic
B. neutrophilic
C. metachromaphilic
D. polichromaphilic
E. *acidophilic
Structural unit of the mammary gland:
A. lobule
B. cord
C. follicle
D. islet
E. acinus
Third stage of menstrual cycle:
A. menstrual
B. postmenstrual
C. early
D. late
E. *premenstrual
Total destruction of uterine mucosa in artificial abortion may cause:
A. uterine glands will not regenerate
B. disorders of blood supply
C. inflammation of mucosa
D. disorders of innervation
E. *impossibility of endometrium regeneration
Uterine glands belong to the next type of glands
1113.
1114.
1115.
1116.
1117.
1118.
1119.
A. simple alveolar
B. compound alveolar
C. compound tubular
D. mixed
E. *simple tubular
Uterine tube layers are the next:
A. mucosa, serosa
B. mucosa, muscular
C. functional and basal
D. mucosa, muscular, submucosa, adventitia
E. *mucosa, muscular, serosa
Uterine tube mucosa layers are the next:
A. epithelium, serosa
B. lamina propria, muscular
C. functional and basal
D. mucosa, muscular, submucosa, adventitia
E. *epithelium and lamina propria
Wall of the vagina consists of next tunics:
A. epithelium, serosa
B. lamina propria , muscular
C. functional and basal
D. mucosa, muscular, submucosa, adventitia
E. *mucosa, fibromuscular, adventitia
What are the stages of ovarian cycle?
A. menstrual, postmenstrual
B. postmenstrual, premenstrual
C. active, passive
D. early, late
E. *follicular, ovulation, corpus luteum stage
What does acinus of mammary gland consist of?
A. secretory portion, intercalated and lmilk duct
B. secretory portion, intercalated and striated duct
C. secretory portion and excretory duct
D. intercalated and milk duct
E. *secretory portion and milk duct
Which cells does acinus of mammary gland consist of?
A. lactocytes, myoepithelial cells
B. secretory portion, myoepithelial cells
C. intercalated and striated duct cells
D. intercalated and milk duct cells
E. *lactocytes, myoepithelial cells and intercalated duct cells
What does anovulatory cycle result in?
A. pregnancy
B. twins development
C. inflammation
D. bleeding
E. *infertility
1120.
1121.
1122.
1123.
1124.
1125.
1126.
1127.
What does expression of milk is regulated by?
A. antidiuretic hormone
B. growth hormone
C. thyroxin
D. prolactin
E. *oxytocin
What does menstrual cycle mainly mean?
A. periodic changes of ovary
B. periodic changes of uterine tube
C. periodic changes of myometrium
D. periodic changes of perimetrium
E. *periodic changes of endometrium
What does muscular tunic of uterine tube consist of?
A. skeletal muscular tissue
B. striated tissue
C. connective tissue
D. epithelial tissue
E. *smooth muscular tissue
Which layers does muscular tunic of uterine tube consist of?
A. 3 layers of smooth myocytes
B. 3 layers of skeletal muscles
C. 2 layers of skeletal muscles
D. 1 layer of smooth myocytes
E. *2 layers of smooth myocytes
What does myometrium consist of?
A. skeletal muscular tissue
B. striated muscle
C. connective tissue
D. epithelial tissue
E. *smooth muscular tissue
What does ovarian cycle mainly mean?
A. periodic changes of uterine tube
B. periodic changes of endometrium
C. periodic changes of myometrium
D. periodic changes of perimetrium
E. *periodic changes of ovary
What does regeneration of endometrium depend on?
A. cambial cells myometrium
B. cambial cells of perimetrium
C. blood vessels
D. decidual cells
E. *cambial cells in the bottom of uterine glands
What does secretion of milk is regulated by?
A. oxytocin
B. antidiuretic hormone
C. growth hormone
D. thyroxin
1128.
1129.
1130.
1131.
1132.
1133.
1134.
1135.
E. *prolactin
What does secretory portion of mammary gland acinus consist of?
A. serocytes
B. mucocytes
C. serocytes and mucocytes
D. seromucocytes
E. *lactocytes and myoepithelial cells
Name in order uterine wall tunics:
A. mucosa, adventitia
B. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, adventitia
C. mucosa, muscularis, adventitia
D. mucosa, submucosa, serosa
E. *endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium
Wall of uterus consist of next tunics:
A. mucosa, adventitia
B. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, adventitia
C. mucosa, muscularis, adventitia
D. mucosa, submucosa, serosa
E. *mucosa, muscular, serosa
What is biological significance of atretic follicles?
A. beginning of forming of mature follicle;
B. one of the stages of forming of yellow body;
C. progesterone synthesis
D. gonadokrinin synthesis
E. *estrogenes synthesis
Smooth myocytes of myometrium have special shape:
A. oval
B. cylindrical
C. fusiform
D. hexagonal
E. *with processes
What is superficial layer of endometrium?
A. submucosal
B. epivascular
C. basal
D. vascular
E. *functional
What is the deep layer of endometrium?
A. functional
B. submucosal
C. epivascular
D. vascular
E. *basal
First stage of menstrual cycle:
A. postmenstrual
B. premenstrual
C. early
D. regeneration
E. *menstrual
1136.
What is the mode of mammary gland secretion?
A. microapocrine
B. merocrine
C. holocrine
D. mixed
E. *macroapocrine
1137.
What is the outer tunic of uterine tube?
A. mucosa
B. submucosa
C. muscular
D. adventitia
E. *serosa
1138.
What is the principal difference between mammary gland in breast
feeding and resting one?
A. branched ducts
B. lactiferous sinuses
C. a lot of myoepithelial cells
D. a lot of adipose tissue.
E. *well developed secretory portions
1139.
What is the reason of menstrual bleeding?
A. destruction of basall layer of endometrium
B. myometrium destruction destruction
C. myometrium contractions
D. nervous disorders
E. *destruction of functional layer of endometrium
1140.
Third stage of menstrual cycle:
A. menstrual
B. postmenstrual
C. regeneration
D. late
E. *premenstrual
1141.
What is the type of mammary gland?
A. simple alveolar
B. simple tubular
C. compound tubular
D. mixed
E. *compound branched alveolar
1142.
Ectocervix of uterus is covered with next type of epithelium:
A. simple ciliated
B. urothelium
C. transitional
D. germinative
E. * stratified squamous nonkeratinized
1143.
Endocervix of uterus covered with next type of epithelium:
A. stratified squamous nonkeratinized
1144.
of?
1145.
1146.
1147.
1148.
1149.
1150.
B. simple squamous
C. transitional
D. germinative
E. *simple columnar
What kind of tissue does fibromuscular layer of vagina mainly consist
A. loose connective tissue
B. skeletal muscular tissue
C. dense connective tissue
D. elastic tissue
E. smooth muscular tissue
What kind of tissue does myometrium consist of?
A. skeletal muscular
B. striated muscular
C. connective
D. cardiac muscular
E. *smooth muscular
What kinds of cells are present in the endocervical epithelium of uterus?
A. cuboidal
B. squamous
C. serocytes
D. Goblet
E. *ciliated and mucus-secreting
What uterine layer does react on oxitocin most of all?
A. endometrium
B. perimetrium
C. parametrium
D. submucosa
E. *myometrium
When does ovulation usually occur in ovarial-menstrual cycle?
A. 7th day
B. 10th day
C. 20th day
D. 1st day
E. *14th day
Which tunics do you know in the wall of vagina?
A. epithelium, lamina propria, serosa
B. muscular, lamina propria
C. functional and basal
D. mucosa, submucosa, muscular, adventitia
E. *mucosa, fibromuscular, adventitia
Which cells are responsible for regeneration of endometrium?
A. myometrial cambial cells
B. myofibroblasts
C. cels of coiled blood vessels
D. decidual cells
E. *cambial cells in the bottom of uterine crypts
1151.
1152.
1153.
tube?
1154.
1155.
1156.
1157.
1158.
Which cells help to express the milk?
A. lactocytes
B. fibroblasts
C. endocrine cells
D. cells of excretory ducts
E. *myoepithelial cells
Which changes does uterine mucosa undergo in premenstrual stage?
A. desquamation and bleeding
B. prolipheration of epithelium
C. prolipheration and bleeding
D. secretion and bleeding
E. *crypts are producing mucous
Which epithelium is damaged in inflammatory processes of uterine
A. simple squamous
B. simple cuboidal
C. stratified nonkeratinized
D. transitional
E. *simple columnar ciliated
Which fibers are typical for fibromuscular layer of vagina?
A. thin collagen
B. thick collagen
C. muscular
D. reticular
E. *elastic
Endometrium consists of next functional layers:
A. vascular and fibrous
B. regular and irregular
C. smooth and rough
D. full and partial
E. *functional and basal
Certify glands of uterine mucosa?
A. alveolar glands
B. compound glands
C. serous
D. mixed
E. *uterine crypts
Which hormone regulates the secretion of milk in lactation?
A. oxytocin
B. antidiuretic hormone
C. growth hormone
D. thyroxin
E. *prolactin
Which hormones are produced by corpus luteum of ovary?
A. estrogenes
B. luteinizing hormone
C. folliclestimulying hormone
1159.
1160.
1161.
of all?
1162.
1163.
1164.
1165.
1166.
D. prostaglandins
E. *progesterone
Which hormones are produced by maturing ovarial follicles?
A. progesterone
B. luteinizing hormone
C. folliclestimulying hormone
D. prostaglandins
E. *estrogenes
Which inclusions are typical for decidual cells of endometrium?
A. lipids
B. endocrine
C. pigmental
D. secretory
E. *glycogen
Which layer of uterine wall undergoes changes in menstrual cycle most
A. myometrium
B. perimetrium
C. parametrium
D. cervix
E. *endometrium
Fallopian tube mucosa has next layers:
A. epithelium, muscularis mucosa
B. epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa
C. lamina propria, muscularis mucosa
D. epithelium
E. *epithelium, lamina propria
Vaginal epithelium has next layers:
A. deep and superficial
B. basal and superficial
C. basale, spinosum, granulosum
D. cuboidal and squamous
E. *basal, parabasal and superficial
Which layers are present in vaginal mucosa in order?
A. epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa
B. epithelium, muscularis mucosa
C. lamina propria, muscularis mucosa
D. epithelium
E. *epithelium, lamina propria
Myometrium consists of next layers:
A. mucosal and submucosal
B. central and peripheral
C. deep and superfitial
D. circular and longitudinal
E. *submucosal, vascular and epivascular
Which tissues does uterine mucosa consist of?
A. epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa
B. epithelium, muscularis mucosa
C. epithelium
D. lamina propria, muscularis mucosa
E. *epithelium and connective tissue of lamina propria
1167.
Which layers does ovoduct mucosa consist of?
A. epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa
B. epithelium, muscularis mucosa
C. lamina propria, muscularis mucosa
D. epithelium
E. *epithelium, lamina propria
1168.
Which special cells are present in lamina propria of uterine mucosa?
A. fibroblasts
B. macrophages
C. myofibroblasts
D. must cells
E. *decidual cells
1169.
Which special cells are present in lamina propria of uterine tube
mucosa?
A. fibroblasts
B. fibrocytes
C. myofibroblasts
D. must cells
E. *decidual cells
1170.
Which special cells of uterine tube mucosa may promote tubal
pregnancy?
A. fibroblasts
B. epthelial cells
C. myofibroblasts
D. must cells
E. *decidual cells
1171.
Which stages of menstrual cycle do you know?
A. menstrual, postmenstrual
B. postmenstrual, premenstrual
C. active, passive
D. early, late
E. * menstrual, postmenstrual, premenstrual
1172.
Ovarian cycle includes next stages:
A. menstrual, postmenstrual, premenstrual
B. menstrual, postmenstrual
C. postmenstrual, premenstrual
D. early, late
E. *follicular, ovulatory and luteal
1173.
Which structural layers does endometrium consist of?
A. epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa
B. epithelium, muscularis mucosa
C. lamina propria, muscularis mucosa
D. epithelium
E. *epithelium, lamina propria
1174.
Which structural components are responsible for the regeneration of
uterine mucosa?
A. ciliated cells of uterine mucosa
B. secretory cells of uterine mucosa
C. uterine glands neck cells
D. decidual cells
E. *cambial cells in the bottom of crypts
1175.
Which tissue does perimetrium consist of?
A. nervous
B. muscular tissue
C. connective tissue
D. epithelial tissue
E. *connective and mesothelium
1176.
Which type of glands uterine crypts belong to?
A. Mixed alveolar
B. compound branched alveolar
C. compound tubular
D. mixed
E. *simple tubular nonbranched
1177.
Which type of regeneration will take place in the wall of uterus after the
operation of cesarian section?
A. reparative by smooth myocytes
B. physiologic by smooth myocytes
C. abnormal
D. reparative by myoepithelial cells
E. *reparative by connective tissue scar
1178.
With no ovulation ovarial follicle is transformed in:
A. corpus luteum
B. corpus albicans
C. primary follicle
D. secondary follicle
E. *atretic follicle
Real-life situation tasks
1. Anterior horn of spinal cord is seen in histological specimen. It has motor
nuclei. Which cells this nucleui consist of?
A. Sensory cells.
B. Associative cells.
C. Funicular cells.
D. Inner cells.
E. *Motor radicular cells.
2. Anterior radices of spinal cord of patient are damaged because of trauma.
Violation of which organs functions it will result in?
A. Sensory
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
B. Brain
C. Spinal cord
D. Skin
E. *Muscles
As a result of spinal cord segments C4-Th1 damage functions of sceletal
muscles of upper extremities are violated. Which cells are affected?
A. Pseudounipolar neurocytes of spinal node
B. Multypolar neurons of n. Intermediolateralis.
C. Medial nucleus motoneurons of anterior horns of spinal cord.
D. Unipolar neurocytes of spinal node
E. Motoneurons of anterior horns of spinal cord.
At high magnification of microscope it is seen that the bodies of
pseudounipolar neurons of spinal ganglion are surrounded by small cells with
round nuclei. What are these cells?
A. Astrocytes
B. Ependymal cells.
C. Roots cells.
D. Spongioblasts
E. *Mantial cells.
Axons of spinal cord anterior horn motoneurons are sected. Which nerve is
damaged?
A. Sensory
B. Mixed
C. Myelin fibers
D. Nerve endings
E. *Motor
Connective tissue scar is known to inhibits regeneration of nerve. What factors
contribute to the following rapid growth and stimulate the regeneration of
nerve?
A. Antymitotic factors (cytostatics).
B. Neurotrophic factors.
C. Factors that stimulate mitosis.
D. All above mentioned
E. *Schwann cells.
Dendrites of sensory (pseudounipolar) cells are sected. Which nerve is
damaged?
A. Motor
B. Mixed
C. Myelin fibers
D. Nerve endings
E. *Sensory
Dorsal roots of spinal cord are damaged as a result of trauma. Functions of
which cells are affected in this patient?
A. Neurocytes of nucleus thoracicus.
B. Neurocytes of nucleus proprius.
C. Neurocytes of spongy substance.
D. Neurocytes gelatinous substance.
E. *Pseudounipolar neurons of spinal node.
9. Function of the central portion of efferent part of sympathetic nervous system
is violated by pathologic process. What is possible place of process in spinal
cord?
A. Medial intermediate nucleus of lateral horns
B. Dorsal nucleus of posterior horns
C. Nucleus proprius of posterior horns
D. Nuclei of anterior horns
E. *Lateral intermediate nucleus of lateral horns
10.Ganglionic plate was removed in embrio in experiment. What does it result in?
A. In violation of the formation of the spinal cord
B. In violation of neuroglia formation
C. Nothing
D. In violation of the formation of central nervous system
E. *In violation of the formation of spinal and autonomic ganglia
11.In histological specimen of nervous system organ we can see capsule, which
produces septae and pseudounipolar cells with surrounding glial cells under
this capsule. Nerve fibers lie in the middle. What is this organ?
A. Vegetative ganglion.
B. Nerve trunk
C. Part of the spinal cord.
D. Part of the brain.
E. *Spinal ganglion
12.In microspecimen of spinal cord it is necessary to analyze condition of the
nucleus, motor neurons of which form the ending on skeletal muscles of trunk.
Specify this nucleus.
A. Nucleus thoracicus.
B. Intermediate lateral nucleus.
C. Intermediate medial nucleus.
D. Nucleus proprius of posterior horn.
E. *Motor nucleus of anterior horn.
13.In the specimen of spinal cord we can see cells that line wall of the central
spinal canal. What are these cells?
A. Oligodendrocytes
B. Astrocytes
C. Spongioblasts
D. Neurolemmocytes
E. *Ependymocytes
14.In spinal puncture the doctor-neurologist makes a puncture of dura mater.
Which tissue does it consist of?
A. Loose connective tissue.
B. Smooth muscle tissue.
C. Mucous tissue.
D. Cartilage.
E. *Dense connective tissue.
15.Motor nerve of animal is cut in experiment. Which processes of nervous cells
are damaged?
A. Dendrite cells pseudounipolar sensitive neuron
B. Axons sensory cells
C. Dendrites of spinal cord anterior horn motoneurons
D. Both axons and dendrites
E. *Axons of spinal cord anterior horns motoneurons
16.Patient has poliomyelitis, which is characterized by spinal cord damage. This
reflect in skeletal muscles disfunctions. Destructions of which neurons is it due
to?
A. Associative.
B. Pseudounipolar.
C. Associative and motor.
D. Pseudounipolar and associative.
E. *Motor neurons.
17.Posterior horn of spinal cord is seen in histological specimen. There is thoracic
nucleus here. Which cells does nucleus consists of?
A. Motor radicular cells.
B. Sensory cells.
C. Pseudounipolar cells.
D. Inner cells.
E. *Associative funicular cells.
18.Sensory nerve of animal is cut in experiment. Which processes of nervous cells
are damaged?
A. Axons of spinal cord anterior horns motoneurons
B. Axons sensory cells
C. Dendrites of spinal cord anterior horn motoneurons
D. Both axons and dendrites
E. *Dendrites of pseudounipolar sensitive neurons
19.Sensory nerve ganglion consists of neurocytes with two closely placed
processes, which then seprated at some distance. What is the type of these
cells?
A. Apolar
B. Bipolar
C. Unipolar
D. Multypolar
E. *Pseudounipolar
20.Which cells are affected, as a result of spinal cord damage, when functions of
skeletal muscles of trunk are violated?
A. Pseudounipolar neurocytes of spinal node
B. Multypolar neurons of n. Intermediolateralis.
C. Motoneurons of lateral nucleus of anterior horns of spinal cord.
D. Unipolar neurocytes of spinal node
E. *Medial nucleus motoneurons of anterior horns of spinal cord.
21.As a result of pathological process function of the central portion of efferent
sympathetic part of autonomic nervous system is impared. Specify possible
localisation of process in the spinal cord.
A. Medial intermediate nucleus of lateral horns
B. Dorsal nucleus of posterior horns
C. Nucleus proprius of posterior horns
D. Nuclei of anterior horns
E. *Lateral intermediate nucleus of lateral horns
22.As a result some trauma n. vagus is damaged. Processes of which neurons are
damaged in such case?
A. Axons of central sympathetic neurons
B. Dendrites of central parasympathetic neurons
C. Dendrites of central sympathetic neurons
D. Axons and dendrites of peripheral parasympathetic neurons
E. *Axons of central parasympathetic neurons
23.As a rule, alcochol intoxication is accompanied with discoordination of
movement and vestibulation because of cerebellar disorders. Which cerebellar
cells are responsible for this first of all?
A. Basket.
B. Betz cells
C. Stellate.
D. Granular cells
E. *Pear- like shaped
24.Dicrease of heart activity and blood pressure, bronchial constriction and
increase of intestine peristalsis were revealed in experiment. Which part of
nervous system is responsible for this?
A. Metasympathetic part
B. Peripheral part
C. Sympatathetic part
D. There is no correct answer
E. *Parasympathetic part
25.In histologic specimen, which is stained with silver impregnation there’re seen
pear-look cells with 2-3 branched dendrites. Which organ is under research?
A. Spiral organ of the inner ear
B. Retina
C. Large hemispheres
D. Spinal node
E. *Cerebellar cortex
26.In one of the layers of gray matter of cerebellum you can see a large number of
small neurocytes. What are these cells?
A. Basket cells.
B. Small stellate.
C. Large stellate.
D. Pears- like Purkinje cell
E. *Granular cells
27.In specimen of cerebellar cortex large cells are seen. They are arranged in one
row and dendrites are going in one direction. Name these cells.
A. Basket cells.
B. Small stellate.
C. Large stellate.
D. Granular cells
E. *Pears- like Purkinje cell
28.In specimen, stained with silver impregnation method, neurocytes have
pyramidal shape. Dendries arise from the top and back sides of cells, axons from the bases. What is this organ?
A. Cerebellum
B. Spiral organ of the inner ear
C. Retina
D. Spinal node
E. *Large hemispheres
29.In the histological specimen of brain hemisphere it is diagnosed light layer on
the surface , poor in cellular elements. Name this layer.
A. Multiform
B. Ganglionic
C. Granular
D. Pyramidal
E. *Molecular
30.Microscopic research of CNS revealed gray matter, which consists of six layers
of neurons. Name the neurons that form the fifth layer.
A. Pears- like Purkinje cell
B. Merkel Cells
C. Basket cells.
D. Granular cells
E. *Betz cells
31.Microscopic research of the CNS gray matter shawes neurons, which form
three layers: molecular, ganglionic and granular. Name the neurons that are
forming the second layer.
A. Basket cells.
B. Small stellate.
C. Large stellate.
D. Granular cells
E. *Pears- like Purkinje cell
32.Name the organ of nervous system, which consists of two hemispheres,
covered with a grey matter and provided organism interaction with
environment?
A. Reticular formation
B. Spinal node
C. Retina
D. Cerebellum
E. *Large hemispheres
33.Name the organ of nervous system, which consists of two hemispheres,
covered with gray matter, and which provides coordination of body movements
and maintains muscle tone?
A. Reticular formation
B. Spinal node
C. Large hemispheres
D. Retina
E. *Cerebellum
34.Nervus vagus is damaged as a result of trauma. Functions of which autonomic
ganglia are violated?
A. Sympatathetic part
B. Metasympathetic part
C. Peripheral part
D. There is no correct answer
E. *Parasympathetic part
35.Patient has degenerative changes of cells of layers III and V of the brain
hemispheres that lead to the degeneration and demielisation of pyramidal tract
fibers. Disfunction of which effector tissue this patient has?
A. Epithelial tissue
B. Connective tissue
C. Smooth muscle tissue
D. Nerve tissue
E. *Skeletal muscular tissue
36.Patient has increase of heartbeat and blood pressure, enlargement of the
bronchi and decrease of intestine peristalsis. Activity of which part of
autonomic nervous is it due to?
A. Parasympathetic part
B. Metasympathetic part
C. Peripheral part
D. There is no correct answer
E. *Sympatathetic part
37.Patient with a tumor of the cerebellum has a violation of coordination. Which
structure is broken?
A. Small stellate cells
B. Large stellate cells
C. Basket cells
D. Granular cells
E. *Purkinje cells
38.Pears- like cells of cerebellum were irritated by electrostimulation.. This result
in an increase of bioelectric activity of the molecular and granular layers
neurons. Which cells of cerebellar cortex are mainly responsible for this?
A. Basket cells.
B. Small stellate.
C. Large stellate.
D. *Granular cells
E. Pears- like Purkinje cell
39. Activity of different organs were researchwd in experiment. The specific
function of which organs does not depend on the autonomic nervous system?
A. Intestine
B. Heart
C. Urinary bladder
D. Salivary glands
E. *Skeletal muscle
40.Which part of the central nervous system has layers of neurocytes, including
cells of the following forms: stellate, fusiform, horizontal, pyramid?
A. Cerebellum
B. Hypothalamus
C. Retina
D. Spinal node
E. *Large hemispheres
41.60 year old patient was diagnozed to have disorders of high frequency sounds
recognition. Violation of which structures of cochlear organ is it due to?
A. Middle ear muscles
B. Eustachian tube
C. Basillar membrane of cochlear duct near helikotreme
D. Tympanic membrane
E. *Basillar membrane of cochlear duct near oval window
42.Animal has a problem with angular (circular) acceleration. Which structures of
audiovestibular organ are probably dameged?
A. Otolith receptor cells
B. Vestibulocohlear nerve fibers
C. Lateral vestibular nuclei of Deyters
D. Tractus vestibulospinalis
E. *Receptor cells of semicircular ducts
43.Ciliary body of patient is damaged in mechanical trauma of eyeball. Which
functional apparatus of eye suffers most of all?
A. Photosensory
B. Dioptric
C. Protective
D. Trophic
E. *Accomodative
44.Colour vision of patient is broken. Disorders of which structures of the eye is it
due to?
A. Bipolar cell
B. Amacrine cells
C. Horizontal cells
D. Rod cells
E. *Cone cells
45.Doctor had diagnozed retinal detacment of visual portion from uveal tract
(vascular tunic) of eyeball. What is the the most probable reason of patient
blindness?
A. Damage of photoreceptor neuron
B. Damage of bipolar neuron
C. Damage of ganglionic neuron
D. Optic nerve damage
E. *Disorders of retina norishment
46.Electron micrograph showes cells whose peripheral portion has outer and inner
segment. Outer segment has membranous semidiscs, inner one – ellipsoid.
What is this organ?
A. Taste organ
B. Smell organ
C. Vestibular organ
D. Cochlear (hearing) organ
E. *Visual organ
47.Histologic specimen of wall of the eye showes some structure which consists
of three rows of nerve cells. Perykaryons of them are producing outer, inner
nuclear and ganglionic layers. Which structural component of the eye has such
morphological peculiarity?
A. Iris
B. Sclera
C. Uveal tract
D. Ciliary body
E. *Retina.
48.In electron micrograph of the eye wall there are a lot of closely packed
connective tissue lamellae. Each lamella has parallely arranged fibers and
stellated cells between them. Which tunic of the eye is this?
A. Sclera
B. Uveal tract
C. Retina
D. Iris
E. *Cornea
49.In electron micrograph peripheral portion of retinal cell has outer and inner
segments. Outer segment has membranous semidiscs, inner one – ellipsoid.
What is this cell?
A. Rod cell
B. Hair cell
C. Deyters cell
D. Betsher cell
E. *Cone cell
50.In histologic specimen beconvexed structure is connected with ciliary body by
ciliary fibers. What is this structure?
A. Ciliary body
B. Vitreus body
C. Cornea
D. Sclera
E. *Lens
51.In histologic specimen of fetal eyeball damaged retina is seen . Which
embryonic germ layer probably was broken?
A. Endoderm
B. Mesoderm
C. Outer layer of eye glass
D. Inner layer of eye glass
E. *Ectoderm
52.In laser correction of the vision stratified squamous epithelium of cornea is
damaged. Which cells are responsible for the regeneration in such case?
A. Cells of stratum spinosum
B. Fibroblasts
C. Fibrocytes
D. Lymphocytes
E. *Basal epitheliocytes
53.Longterm antibiotic treatment with some drugs (streptomicinum) may cause
deafness. Structure and function of which cells of audiovestibular organ is
violated in such case?
A. Pillar cells
B. Deyters cells
C. Hensen cells
D. Claudius cells
E. *Hair cells
54.Patiend had attending doctor with eye trauma. Changesof anterior corneal
epithelium were revealed in medical examination . Epithelium of which type is
damaged?
A. Pseudostratified
B. Stratified squamous keratinized
C. Stratified cuboidal
D. Stratified cilindrical
E. *Stratified squamous nonkeratinized
55.Patient is blind exactly at the middle of field of vision because of hemorrage.
Which structure of the eye is damaged?
A. Uveal tract
B. Ciliary portion of retina
C. Iridial portion of retina
D. Blind spot
E. *Yellow spot
56.Patient is colour blinded (could not recognize blue and green colours) but has
normal twilight vision. Which structures of retina are probably damaged?
A. Rod cells
B. Bipolar cells
C. Amacrine cells
D. Horizontal cells
E. *Cone cells
57.Patient was diagnozed to have right optic nerve damage. Which neurons of
retina are damaged?
A. Bipolar associative
B. Photoreceptor
C. Horizontal associative
D. Amacrine associative
E. *Ganglionic
58.Placodes of inner ear of embryo were damaged in experiment. Which receptors
could not be formed?
A. Macula of saccule
B. Macula of utricle
C. Ampular crests
D. Spiral (Corty’s organ) of cochlea
E. *Utricle and saccule maculae, ampular crests and cochlear organ
59.The eyeball was damaged by glass fragment. One month later leukoma (white
nontrasparent spot) appeared in the cornea and caused prominent dicrease of
vision. Which layer of cornea is involved in this process most of all?
A. Posterior corneal epithelium
B. Anterior limiting membrane
C. Anterior corneal epithelium
D. Posterior limiting membrane
E. *Proper substance
60.Uveal tract of fetal eyeball is damaged in histologic specimen. Which
embryonic material probably was broken?
A. Ectoderm
B. Endoderm
C. Outer layer of eye glass
D. Inner layer of eye glass
E. *Mesenchyme
61. After X-ray radiation lymphoid system of teenager is considerably affected.
Which gland activity may renew blood picture?
A. * Thymus
B. Pancreas
C. Liver
D. Thyroid gland
E. Adrenal gland
62.There is histologic specimen of hemopoetic organ. The latter one consists of
irregular shaped lobules. Each lobule has cortex and medulla. Which organ is it
typical for?
A. * Thymus
B. Lymph node
C. Spleen
D. Tonsil
E. Appendix
63.There is histological spesimen of 40 years men thymus. It was revealed
decrease of parenchimal structures size and increase of adipose and connective
tissue content. There were a lot of thymic (Hassal’s) corpuscles but total mass
of organ is stable. What is the name of this process?
A. * Age involution
B. Hypotrophy
C. Distrophy
D. Atrophy
E. Accidendal involution
64.In the puncture of lymph node there are seen germinative centres of active
plasma cells production. Antigendependent stimulation of which immune cells
is it due to?
A. Т–Lymphocytes
B. * В–Lymphocytes
C. Macrophages
D. Dendritic cells
E. Interdigital cells
65.In the smear of human red bone marrow between cells and adipocytes there are
some stellate cells with oxyphilic cytoplasm. Their processes are
interconnecting. What are these cells?
A. Dendritic
B. Fibroblasts
C. Macrophages
D. * Reticular cells
E. Osteocytes
66.In the specimen of red bone marrow there is an aggregation of large cells in
tight contact with sinusoidal capillaries. Which blood formed elements are
producing here?
A. * Platelets
B. Erythrocytes
C. Monocytes
D. Lymphocytes
E. Leucocytes
67.Histological research of of spleen had revealed prominent activity of immune
reactions. Which structures of this organ are responsible for
antigenindependent proliferation of Т-lymphocytes?
A. * Periarterial sheath
B. Central zone of white pulp
C. Mantial zone of white pulp
D. Red pulp
E. Marginal zone of white pulp
68.Morphological research of spleen had revealed signs of immune activity
increase in human body. In which structures of this organ does
antigendependent proliferation of Т–lymphocytes begin?
A. * Periarterial sheath
B. Central zone of white pulp
C. Mantial zone of white pulp
D. Marginal zone of white pulp
E. Red pulp
69.Newborn baby has under-developed thymus. Which type of hemopoesis will
suffer most of all?
A. * Lymphopoesis
B. Erythropoesis
C. Granulocytopoesis
D. Megacariocytopoasis
E. Monocytopoesis
70.Many blood capillaries are seen in the specimen of red bone marrow.
Matureted blood formed elements are crossing their wall and enter the
bloodstream. What is the type of this capillaries?
A. * Sinusoidal
B. Visceral
C. Lymph
D. Somatic
E. Fenestrated
71.Plasma cell produce specific antibodies against antigens. Antigens introduction
in human body causes increase of plasma cells. Which blood cells increase is it
due to?
A. Neutrophiles
B. Eosinophiles
C. Basophiles
D. T-lymphocytes
E. * B-lymphocytes
72.Round shaped aggregations of lymphocytes are seen in histologic specimen.
Central arterie lies inside this nodule. What is this organ?
A. Lymph node
B. * Spleen
C. Thymus
D. Bone marrow
E. Kidney
73.Skin transplantation was made to patient with hard burns. At the 8th day
rejection of transplantant had begun. Which cells are mainly responsible for
this?
A. * Т-Lymphocytes
B. В-Lymphocytes
C. Eosinophiles
D. Basophiles
E. Erythrocytes
74.There are few specimens of hemopoetic and immune organs which contain
lymphoid tissue arranged in different structures (lymph nodules, lobules,
cords). In which organ does antigenindependent proliferation and
differentiation of lymphocytes occur?
A. * Thymus
B. Lymph nodes
C. Spleen
D. Tonsil
E. Hemolymph nodes
75.There is electron micrograph of macrophagic cell. Erytrocytes at different
stages of differentiation are placed along its processes. Which organ cell is
present at this photogram?
A. Tonsil
B. Thymus
C. Spleen
D. * Red bone marrow
E. Lymph node
76.There is histologic specimen of hemopoetic organ. Stroma of this organ
consists of reticular tissue and parenchyma has elongated cords of red blood
formed elements and round shaped aggregations of lymphocytes. What is this
organ?
A. Red bone marrow
B. Lymph node
C. Tonsil
D. Thymus
E. * Spleen
77.There is histologic specimen of hemopoetic organ. Parenchyma of this organ
consists of lymphoid tissue which includes lymph nodules, paracortical zone
and medullary cords. What is this organ?
A. Red bone marrow
B. * Lymph node
C. Thymus
D. Tonsil
E. Spleen
78.There is histologic specimen of hemopoetic organ. Parenchyma of this organ
consists of lymphoid tissue which has lobules. Stroma is made of epithelial
cells with processes. What is this organ?
A. Spleen
B. Red bone marrow
C. * Thymus
D. Tonsil
E. Lymph node
79.There is histological specimen of hemopoetic organ. Lymphoid parenchyma of
this organ consists of lobules. What is this organ?
A. * Thymus
B. Lymph node
C. Spleen
D. Tonsil
E. Appendix
80.There is histological specimen of organ whose stroma consists of reticular
tissue. There are some adipocytes , macrophages and osteogenic cells too.
What is this hemopoetic organ?
A. Thymus
B. Spleen
C. * Red bone marrow
D. Lymph node
E. Tonsil
81. Epithelial cords are observed in histological specimen of endocrine gland.
They are composed of chromophilic (acidophilic, basophilic) and
chromophobic cells. Which organ is this?
A. Adrenal gland
B. Neurohypophysis
C. Thyroid gland
D. Epiphysis
E. * Adenohypophysis
82. During childbirth woman has insufficiency of uterine contractility.
Hypofunction of what secretory nuclei of the hypothalamus is it due to?
A. Arcuate nuclei
B. Suprachiasmatic nuclei
C. Dorsomedial nuclei
D. Supraoptic nuclei
E. * Paraventricular nuclei
83. Specimen of the thyroid gland is impregnated with silver salt. In histological
research of this specimen large agryrophilic cells were observed in the wall of
follicles. Which hormones are produced by these cells?
A. Triiodotyrosine
B. Tetraiodotyrosine
C. Thyrotropin
D. Thyroliberin
E. * Calcitonin
84. Aproportionally well-built child has disorder of growth. Deficiency of which
hormone this is due to?
A. Insulin
B. Calcitonin
C. Lythropin
D. Oxitocine
E. * Growth hormone
85. During the experiment the epiphysis was removed in sexually immature
animals. How will it reflect on speed of these animals puberty?
A. Puberty will be slower
B. Puberty will stop
C. Secondary sexual signs of opposite sex will appear
D. Changes will not happen
E. * Puberty will be accelerated
86. Smalll cells are revealed in the wall of bronchus. They can accumulate and
decarboxylate amines. Which system these cells belong to?
A. To respiratory system
B. To digestive system
C. To sense organs
D. To excretory system
E. * To APUD–system
87. Patient has the following symptoms: weight gain, reduced body temperature,
dry skin, hairloss, the oppression of central nervous system functions ,
bradycardia. Function of which gland is changed?
A. Parathyroid gland
B. Pancreatic gland
C. Adrenal glandsових залоз
D. Sex glands
E. * Thyroid gland
88. After the operation of thyroid gland resection the cramps were revealed in the
patient. Injection of calcium-containing drug stoped this. Functions of which
endocrine organs are changed?
A. Adrenal glands
B. Ovaries
C. Pituitary gland
D. Pineal gland
E. * Parathyroid glands
89. The sick woman has been suffering from hypothyroidism during 5 years .
Deficiency in thyroid hormone was revealed. Which cells of adenohypophysis
are changed in such case?
A. Somatothropocytes
B. Gonadothropocytes
C. Corticothropocytes
D. Mamothropocytes
E. * Thyrothopocytes
90. The patient complains of tachycardia, exophthalmos, quick fatigability, low
weight. Which organ disorders is it due to?
A. Hypophysis
B. Pineal gland
C. Hypothalamus
D. Parathyroid glands
E. * Thyroid gland
91. 40 years old sick woman had consulted a doctor. She complained of
tachycardia, exophthalmos, quick fatigability, low weight. Increase of what
cells functioning is this due to?
A. APUDocytes
B. Parathyrocytes
C. Parafollicular cells
D. Acidophilic endocrynecytes
E. * Thyrocytes
92. Specimen of thyroid gland contains cells which lie between follicular cells and
basement membrane. Secrecory granules of these endocryne cells are osmio–
and argyrophilic. Name these cells.
A. Parathyrocytes
B. Thyrocytes
C. Pinealocytes
D. Pituicytes
E. * Calcitoninocytes
93. With a diagnostic aim thyroliberin was injected to the patient. How does it
reflect in secretion of thyrotropin by cells of anterior pituitary?
A. It will decrease
B. It will not change
C. It will slightly increase
D. It will slightly decrease
E. * It will increase
94. Endocrine cells in specimen are arranged in parallel cords and contain a great
number of elements of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and many lipid drops.
What hormone are they producing due to stimulation of hypophysis?
A. Oxytocin
B. Catecholamines
C. Mineralocorticoids
D. Thyrocalcitonin
E. * Glucorticoids
95. Rathke’s pouch is formed from the ectodermal epithelium which lines of the
upper part of the stomodeum (oral fossa) of the embryo. Rathke’s pouch then
moves to the base of the future brain. What structure is developed from this
embryonic source?
A. Neurohypophysis
B. Medial eminence
C. Pituitary stalk
D. Anterior hypothalamus
E. * Adenohypophysis
96. In the histological specimen of the thyroid gland thyrocytes have prismatic
shape with numerous tall microvilly on the apical surface and deep
invaginations of the basal surface of cell membrane. What functional status this
histological picture is typical for?
A. Decrease of functional activity
B. Normal function
C. Age involutional
D. Increase of iodine ions quantity in the blood
E. * Increaase of functional activity
97. In the specimen of the thyroid gland follicles are observed. Walls consist of
high epithelium, space is filled with a light colloid with a great amount of
resorptive vacuoles. What functional condition does this picture testify?
A. Hypofunction
B. Normal function
C. Bythegivenpatternone cannot estimate the condition of the gland
D. Slight decrease of function
E. * Hyperfunction
98. Some endocrine gland was excised in immature experimental animal. This
operation result in acceleration of sexual maturation. Which gland was
removed?
A. Hypophysis
B. Adrenal
C. Thyroid gland
D. Parathyroid gland
E. * Pineal gland
99. Neurosecretory cells were suppressed in the experimental animal. These
neuroseccretory cells are located in supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the
hypothalamus. How does it reflect in content of secrets in neurohypophysis?
A. Secretion will increase
B. Secretion will not change
C. Secretion will stop
D. Cells will migrate into neurohypophysis
E. * Secretion will decrease
100.
Experimentally Rathke’s pouch was removed in embryo. The
development of which parts of the hypophysis will be changed?
A. Adenohypophysis
B. Neurohypophysis
C. Intermediate lobe
D. Development of hypophysis will stop
E. * Adenohypophysis and intermediate lobe
101.
There is parenchimatous organ in histologic specimen. Superficial layer
of cortex consists of endocrine cells which are arranged in glomeruli. Which
organ has such morphologic picture?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Lymph node
Spleen
Thyroid gland
Ovary
* Adrenal glands
102.
40-years old patient is treated by endocrinologist. He has insufficiency
of adrenal cortex which reflected in decrease of aldosterone in the blood.
Function of which cells of adrenal glands cortex is violated?
A. Cells of reticular zone
B. Cells of fascicular zone
C. Cells of sudanophobic zone
D. Cells of X-zone
E. * Cells of glomerular zone
103.
Neoplasms of adrenal glands cortex are known to cause virilism
(development of secondary male sexual signs). Which hormones of adrenal
glands have such androgenous activity?
A. Steroid hormones of glomerular zone
B. Steroid hormones of fascicular zone
C. Epinephrine
D. Norepinephrine
E. * Steroid hormones of reticular zone
104.
Small polygonal cells are seen in histological specimen of adrenal gland
cortex. They form roundish aggregations and contain some lipid inclusions.
Which part of adrenal gland is seen in this histological specimen?
A. Fascicular zone
B. Intermediate zone
C. Reticular zone
D. Adrenal medulla
E. * Glomerular zone
105.
In histological specimen of adrenal gland large cuboidal cells are
arranged in cords and have a lot of lipid inclusions. Which part of adrenal
gland is seen in this histological specimen?
A. Glomerular zone
B. Intermediate zone
C. Reticular zone
D. Adrenal medulla
E. * Fascicular zone
106.
In experiment on embryo process of neuroblasts migration from
ganglyonic plates is violated. How does it reflect in adrenal glands structure?
A. Glomerular zone formation will be violated
B.
C.
D.
E.
Fascicular zone formation will be violated
Reticular zone formation will be violated
Reflects in nothing
* Formation of medulla will be violated
107.
Endocrine cells of adrenal gland are arranged in parallel cords and
contain well developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum and numerous lipid
drops. What are these cells producing in response to pituitary trophic hormones
influence?
A. Oxytocin
B. Catecholamines
C. Mineralocorticosteroids
D. Thyrocalcitonin
E. * Glucocorticosteroids
108.
It is known that plates of epidermal stratum corneum are constantly
removing from the skin surface. Which mechanism lies at the base of this
process?
A. Destruction of lipid intercellular barrier
B. Accumulation of eleidin
C. Filagrin accumulation in cells
D. Keratohyalin accumulation in cells
E. * Intercellular desmosomes dissolvement by keratinosomes
109.
In skin burns of I-IInd degree epidermis is damaged. Regeneration of
skin layers is possible by cells of which layers?
A. Stratum lucidum and spinosum
B. Stratum spinosum and granulosum
C. Stratum granulosum and lucidum
D. Stratum lucidum and corneum
E. * Stratum basale and spinosum
110.
Finger print research (dactyloscopy) is useful for identification of
personality in crime detection. Which layer of skin is responsible for this
picture?
A. Stratum spinosum
B. Reticular layer
C. Hypodermis
D. Stratum basale
E. * Papillary layer
111.
In histological research of skin biopsy there were revealed cells with
processes and dark brown granules in cytoplasm. What are these cells?
A. Intraepidermal macrophages
B. Keratinocytes
C. Merkel cells
D. Lymphocytes
E. * Melanocytes
112.
Method of dactyloscopy is actively using in forensic medicine. It is
based on exact individual picture of papillary layer of dermis. Which type of
tissue does it consist of?
A. Reticular tissue
B.
C.
D.
E.
Adipose tissue
Dense irregular connective tissue
Dense regular connective tissue
* Loose connective tissue
113.
Examination of patient with epidermal mycosis had revealed moderate
reddening of skin and local desquamation of skin with hyperemia. Boundaries
of affected areas are irregular shaped, well distinct and painless. Which type of
epithelium is damaged?
A. Transitional
B. Stratified cuboidal
C. Stratified squamous nonkeratinized
D. Stratified cylindrical ciliated
E. * Stratified squamous keratinized
114.
Patient was diagnosed with heat stroke after long term working in
elastic overalls (clothes). Which function of skin was violated?
A. Blood deposition
B. Protective
C. Receptor
D. Excretory
E. * Heat-conduction
115.
Especially in sleeping not all blood is circulating in blood vessels.
Which function of blood is realizing in such case?
A. Protective
B. Receptor
C. Excretory
D. Thermoregulation
E. * Blood deposition
116.
In prolonged starvation subcutaneous adipose tissue reacts very much.
Skin of which places preserves subcutaneous adipose tissue even in extreme
depletion?
A. Skin of hands
B. Skin of feet
C. Face
D. Interscapular area
E. * Skin of palms and plants and in orbit
117.
Cells of epidermal basal layer were damaged by radiation. Which
function of this layer will be violated first of all?
A. Protective
B. Barrier
C. Absorptive
D. Receptor
E. * Regeneration
118.
In electron micrograph of epidermis among cuboidal cells you can see
the cell with processes and well developed Golgi apparatus, numerous
ribosomes and melanosomes in cytoplasm. Name this cell.
A. Keratinocyte
B. Langerhanse cell
C. Merkel cell
D. Tissues basophil
E. * Melanocyte
119.
Aging of human skin is characterized by appearance of wrinkles and
folds. Which structural components of skin are mainly responsible for this?
A. Reticular fibers
B. Epidermis
C. Ground substance
D. Subcutaneous adipose tissue
E. * Collagen and elastic fibers
120.
After skin injury epidermal layers till cambial one are absent at limited
area. Which cells will promote regeneration at this place?
A. Cells of stratum spinosum
B. Cells of stratum basale
C. Cells of stratum spinosum and granulosum
D. Cells of nearest stratum basale
E. * Cells of nearest stratum basale and spinosum
121.
In histologic specimen of stomach there are seen very few parietal cells
in gastric glands. Mucosa of which stomach portion was under research?
A. Fundal stomach
B. Cardial stomach
C. Body of stomach
D. Esophageo-gastric junction
E. * Pyloric stomach
122.
Gastric diseases may be accompanied by decrease or increase of
hydrochloric acid content in gastric juice. Which cells activity disorders is it
due to?
A. Mucocytes of mucosa
B. Mucous neck cells
C. Mucocytes of proper gastric glands
D. Endocrine cells
E. * Parietal (oxyntric) cells
123.
Gastric epithelium is damaged after stellate vein rupture. Which cells
will promote regeneration?
A. Mucocytes of mucosa
B. Mucocytes of proper gastric glands
C. Endocrine cells
D. Parietal (oxyntric) cells
E. * Mucous neck cells
124.
Epithelial lining of small intestine is renewed each two days. Which
cells promote this physiologic regeneration?
A. Endocrine cells
B. Brushed cells (with microvilli)
C. Goblet cells
D. Paneth cells
E. * Nonbrushed cells
125.
Patient with chronicle enterocolitis (inflammation of intestine) has
disorders of digestion and absorption of proteins because of decrease of
dipeptidazes in the intestinal juice. Which cells activity disorders is it due to?
A. Endocrine cells
B. Brushed cells (with microvilli)
C. Goblet cells
D. Nonbrushed cells
E. * Paneth cells
126.
Disorders of membrane digestion were revealed in patient with small
intestine disease. Which cells functional disorders is it due to?
A. Endocrine cells
B. Goblet cells
C. Nonbrushed cells
D. Paneth cells
E. * Brushed cells (with microvilli)
127.
Some intestinal diseases are connected with functional disorders of
exocrine cells with acidophilic granules. Where are they located?
A. At the middle of intestinal villi
B. At the apex of intestinal villi
C. Between villi and crypts
D. In the neck of crypts
E. * In the bottom of crypts
128.
Some diseases may change numerical proportion of enterocytes in large
intestine mucosa. Which cells predominate in epithelium of crypts here in
normal condition?
A. Endocrine cells
B. Paneth cells
C. Brushed cells
D. Nonbrushed cells
E. * Goblet cells
129.
There is histological specimen of some part of alimentary tract. Mucosa
has stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium. What is this organ?
A. Fundal stomach
B. Pyloric stomach
C. Cardial stomach
D. Esophageo-gastric junction
E. * Esophagus
130.
After total gastrectomy (removal of stomach) pernicious anemia usually
is developing. Absence of which cells is it due to?
A. Endocrine cells
B. Chief cells
C. Mucous neck cells
D. Goblet cells
E. * Parietal (oxyntric) cells
131.
In histologic specimen numerous serous glands are seen in intestinal
submucosa. Which part of intestine is this?
A. Jejunum
B.
C.
D.
E.
Ileum
Appendices
Colon
* Duodenum
132.
In analysis of case histories of surgical department patients with
esophageal ulcers it was revealed 78% of typical location. It is due to presence
of special glands here. What are these glands?
A. Proper esophageal glands
B. Serous glands
C. Salivary glandsу
D. Gastric glands
E. * Cardial glands
133.
Groups of cells are found in the bottom of crypts in histologic specimen
of small intestine. They have basophilic cytoplasm and large acidophilic
granules in apical portion. What are these cells?
A. Endocrine cells
B. Mucous neck cells
C. Parietal (oxyntric) cells
D. Goblet cells
E. * Paneth cells
134.
In histologic research of tooth enamel section linear striations lie
concentrically and arise from enamel-dentine junction. What are these
structures?
A. Hunter-Shreger lines
B. Enamel plates
C. Enamel bundles
D. Enamel spindles
E. * Retcius lines
135.
Newborn has special papillae on the tongue which irritate receptors of
mammary gland nipple thus stimulating release of milk. What are these
papillae?
A. Filiform
B. Circumvallate
C. Fungiform
D. Foliate
E. * Conicle
136.
In histologic specimen of fundal stomach large cells with acidophilic
cytoplasm are seen in glands. Electron microscopy shows compound system of
intracellular canaliculi. What are these cells producing?
A. Mucous
B. Serotonin
C. Pepsinogen
D. Gastrin
E. * Hydrochloric acid
137.
9 year old boy has frequent watery defecation, vomiting, polidypsia,
dryness of skin and mucosal tunics. These symptoms are connected with
violation of intestinal absorption. Which structures are damaged in such case?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Endocrine cells
Goblet cells
Intraepithelial desmosomal junctions
Paneth cells
* Microvilli of enterocytes
138.
Antibiotics are introducing intraperitoneally to the patient with
peritonitis. Which function of mesothelium is useful in such case?
A. Barrier
B. Phagocytosis
C. Secretory
D. Limiting
E. * Absorptive
139.
Gastric disease of 32 years old patient is accompanied with decrease of
gastric juice acidity. How it will reflect on break down of proteins?
A. Decrease of dipeptidazes activity
B. Decrease of pepsinogen synthesis
C. Decrease of himosin synthesis
D. Decrease of endocrine cells activity
E. * Disorders of pepsinogen transformation in pepsin
140.
Increase of mucous content in stomach may violate digestion here.
Which cells activity disorders is it due to?
A. Mucous neck cells
B. Mucocytes of proper gastric glands
C. Endocrine cells
D. Parietal (oxyntric) cells
E. * Mucocytes of mucosa
141.
In clinical examination of 20 year old patient it was revealed
enlargement of liver, increase of bilirubin in the blood and urinary pigments in
the urine. Violation of which structures is it due to?
A. Endothelial cells
B. Hepatocytes
C. Cupfer cells
D. Lipocytes
E. * Desmosomal junctions between hepatocytes
142.
In normal condition of liver bile may not get into the blood. Which
ultrastructural peculiarities of hepatocytes cause this?
A. Bile synthesis
B. Nexuses between hepatocytes
C. Desmosomal junctions between hepatocytes
D. Albumin synthesis
E. * Tight junctions between hepatocytes
143.
Microspecimen of proteins producing exocrine gland is under histologic
research. Cells of secretory portions are bicolor: apical portions are oxiphilic
and basal once – basophilic. What is this gland?
A. Liver
B. Submundibular gland
C. Parotid gland
D. Sublingual gland
E. * Pancreas
144.
Group of cells with numerous wide capillaries is seen in specially
stained histologic specimen of pancreas. Some cells are prominent basophilic,
another – oxiphilic, some – slight basophilic. What are these cells?
A. Endothelial cells
B. Fibrocytes
C. Cupfer cells
D. Lipocytes
E. * Insulocytes B,A,D
145.
Glandulocyte of pancreas has well distinct polarity in electron
micrograph. A lot of tubules and canaliculi of rough endoplasmic reticulum lie
in basal part and large electron dense granules – in apical. What is this cell?
A. Insulocyte А
B. Insulocyte В
C. Insulocyte D
D. Insulocyte D1
E. * Exocrine pancreatocyte
146.
In histologic specimen of salivary gland there are seen cells of stellate
shape which surround secretory portions. They lie between basement
membrane and secretory cells and have contractile filaments in cytoplasm.
What are these cells?
A. Endothelial cells
B. Fibroblasts
C. Adipocytes
D. Adventitial cells
E. * Myoepithelial cells
147.
Special preparation (Co salt) which selectively damages A-insulocytes
of pancreatic islet was injected to experimental animal. Which pancreatic
function will be violated?
A. Insulin synthesis
B. Somatostatin synthesis
C. Fibrinogen synthesis
D. Thromboplastin synthesis
E. * Glucagon synthesis
148.
Alloxan which selectively damages B-cells of pancreatic islet was
injected to experimental animal. Which pancreatic function will be violated?
A. Fibrinogen synthesis
B. Somatostatin synthesis
C. Glucagon synthesis
D. Thromboplastin synthesis
E. * Insulin synthesis
149.
There is histologic specimen of compound branched tubular-alveolar
gland with ill-defined connective tissue septae. It has numerous mucous and
mixed acini and very few serous ones. What is this gland?
A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Submundibular gland
D. Parotid gland
E. * Sublingual gland
150.
Actinomicin had blocked protein synthesizing function of salivary gland
cells. Function of which cells will be suppressed most of all?
A. Endothelial cells
B. Myoepithelial cells
C. Adventitial cells
D. Mucocytes
E. * Serocytes
151.
A lot of glycogen inclusions were revealed in histologic specimen of
liver. What does it connected with?
A. Decrease of sugar in the blood
B. Destruction of smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C. Destruction of rough endoplasmic reticulum
D. Destruction of Golgi apparatus
E. * Increase of sugar in the blood
152.
Patient with severe damage of liver was admitted to hospital. 1/3 of
organ was removed during surgical operation. Which cells will promote
regeneration in such case?
A. Young fibroblasts
B. Mature fibroblasts
C. Endothelial cells
D. Adventitial cells
E. * Hepatocytes
153.
During some time patient has a diet with a lot of carbohydrates in food.
Which hepatic function will be activated most of all?
A. Fibrinogen synthesis
B. Somatomedin synthesis
C. Bile synthesis
D. Vitamins synthesis
E. * Glycogen synthesis
154.
Parenchymal organ in histologic specimen consists of lobules which
have shape of hexagonal prisms. Cells are radially arranged in anatomizing
plates with sinusoidal capillaries between them which gather to the central
vein. Which organ has such structure?
A. Spleen
B. Pancreas
C. Thymus
D. Lymph node
E. * Liver
155.
Parenchymal organ of digestive system in histologic specimen has
lobules with serous acini consisting of secretory portions, intercalated and
striated ducts. What is this organ?
A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Submundibular gland
D. Sublingual gland
E. * Parotid gland
156.
Chronic diseases of liver may cause overgrowth of connective tissue in
hepatic parenchyma (fibrosis or cirrhosis) which result in blood circulation
disorders. What is usual direction of blood circulation in liver in normal
condition?
A. From base to apex of lobule
B. From center to periphery
C. Around lobule
D. From apex to base of lobule
E. * From periphery to center
157.
Patient food is rich with carbohydrates. Which hepatic function is
activated in such case?
A. Bile synthesis
B. Vitamin D synthesis
C. Fibrinogen synthesis
D. Albumin synthesis
E. * Glycogen synthesis
158.
Liver is known to be useful in diet. Which hepatic peculiarities is it due
to?
A. Bile synthesis
B. Blood deposition
C. Fibrinogen synthesis
D. Albumin synthesis
E. * Vitamins А, Д, К, E, F and iron deposition
159.
In clinical research of patient analyses doctor had revealed violation of
blood coagulation. Which hepatic function disorders is it due to?
A. Bile synthesis
B. Glycogen synthesis
C. Vitamin D synthesis
D. Albumin synthesis
E. * Fibrinogen and protrombin synthesis
160.
Protein synthesizing function of liver is violated. Which ultrastructural
changes could be revealed in hepatocytes?
A. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum destruction
B. Destruction of Golgi apparatus
C. Destruction of nuclei
D. Destruction of lisosomes
E. * Rough endoplasmic reticulum destruction
161.
52 year old patient was admitted to the hospital with anuria due to the
obstruction of urinary passways by urinary stone. What is the possible way of
this stone outside?
A. Renal calices – urethra –urinary bladder- ureter
B. Renal calices – renal pelvix – urinary bladder – ureter – urethra
C. Renal calices – renal pelvix – urinary bladder
D. Renal calices– urinary bladder – ureter – urethra
E. * Renal calices – renal pelvix – ureter – urinary bladder – urethra
162.
Alveolar epithelium structure is changed very much or dying in longterm smoking. In such case surfactant is damaged too. What does it result in?
A. Disorders of alveoli blood supply
B. Rupture of alveoli
C. Damage of type I alveolocytes
D. Damage of type II alveolocytes
E. * Disorders of gases exchanges
163.
Baby had inspired foreign corpuscle (button). It was uptaken in
bronchoscopy. Epithelium of which type was damaged by this object?
A. Stratified nonkeratinized
B. Simple cuboidal
C. Transitional
D. Simple squamous
E. * Simple columnar ciliated
164.
Electronmicrograph of respiratory system organ shows opened vesicles,
whose inner surface is lined with simple epithelium containing respiratory and
secretory cells. What are these structures?
A. Bronchioles
B. Acini
C. Alveolar ducts
D. Terminal bronchioles
E. * Alveoli
165.
Experimental closure of renal artery resulted in blood pressure increase.
Which structure of kidney will react in such case first of all?
A. Distal convoluted tubule
B. Proximal convoluted tubule
C. Thin tubule
D. Renal corpuscle
E. * Juxtaglomerular apparatus of kidney
166.
Histologic specimen of urinary system organ has no submucosa but
mucosal lamina propria contains alveolar-tubular glands. What is this organ?
A. Renal calices
B. Uriter
C. Urethra
D. Renal pelvices
E. * Fundus of urinary bladder
167.
In electronmicrograph of renal corpuscle cells of irregular shape have
primary processes – cytotrabecules from which secondary ones (cytopodia)
arise. What are these cells?
A. Mesangial
B. Endothelial
C. Macrophages
D. Gurmahtig cells
E. * Podocytes
168.
In experiment on animal blood circulation was activated. Circulatory
system of which nephrons will participate in blood redistribution?
A. Cortical
B.
C.
D.
E.
Intermediate
Cortical and intermediate
Juxtamedullary and intermediate
* Juxtamedullary
169.
In histologic research of kidney some tubule is revealed in the cortex. It
has simple cuboidal epithelium with microvilli and basal striations. What is
this component of nephron?
A. Collecting duct
B. Distal convoluted tubule
C. Distal straight tubule
D. Henle’s loop
E. * Proximal convoluted tubule
170.
Laboratory analysis of urine had revealed slight acidic reaction. Which
cells of kidney are responsible for this?
A. Juxtaglomerular cells
B. Juxtavascular cells
C. Macula densa cells
D. Interstitial stromal cells
E. * Secretory cells of collecting duct
171.
Newborn girl has prominent abnormalities of urinary system. Violation
of which embryonic source had proved this?
A. Ectoderm
B. Endoderm
C. Dermatom
D. Myotom
E. * Nephrogonotom
172.
Patient has dry pleuritis with adequate sounds in auscultation.
Epithelium of which type is damaged in such case?
A. Simple cuboidal
B. Simple columnar
C. Transitional
D. Stratified
E. * Simple squamous
173.
Patient urinates 10 l of urine per day. Function of which part of nephron
is mainly violated?
A. Proximal convoluted tubule
B. Proximal straight tubule
C. Descendent part of thin tubule
D. Ascendent part of thin tubule
E. * Distral tubule
174.
Patient urine analysis had revealed proteinuria (5g/l low molecular
proteins), hematuria with alkaline erythrocytes. Violation of which renal
function is it due to?
A. Increase of canaliculi secretion
B. Violation of glomerular excretion
C. Decrease of tubular reabsorption
D. Extrarenal disorders
E. * Increase of renal glomeruli permeability
175.
Patient with acute rhinitis has hyperemia of nasal mucosa and
overproduction of mucous. Hyperactivity of which cells is it due to?
A. Brushed cells
B. Ciliated
C. Basal
D. Endocrine
E. * Goblet
176.
Patient’s urine contains “fresh” erythrocytes. Which structures of
urinary system are probably damaged?
A. Renal corpuscles
B. Loop of Henle
C. Collecting ducts
D. Convoluted tubules
E. * Ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
177.
Premature newborns frequently have syndrome of respiratory
insufficiency. What is most probable reason of this?
A. Amniotic fluid swallowing
B. Intrauterine hypercapnia
C. Disorders of breathing nerve regulation
D. Intrauterine asphyxia
E. * Surfactant insufficiency
178.
Pulmonary alveoli have special cells which are responsible for gases
exchanges; they belong to air-hematic barrier. What are these cells?
A. Clara cells
B. Alveolar macrophages
C. Type II alveolocytes
D. Brushed cells (with microvilli)
E. * Type I alveolocytes
179.
Respiratory epithelium has cells with oval apical portion with microvilli.
Cytoplasm contains well developed secretory apparatus and secretory granules
in apical pole. What are these cells?
A. Endocrine
B. Goblet
C. Nonbrushed cells
D. Cambial cells
E. * Clara cells
180.
Some part of nephron has cuboidal cells with apical brushed border
(microvilli) and basal striations with mitochondria which are placed in basal
cytolemma infoldings. What is this component of nephron?
A. Collecting duct
B. Distal convoluted tubule
C. Thin tubule
D. Bowman’s capsule
E. * Proximal convoluted tubule.
181.
Follicle is seen in histologic specimen of ovary which is stained with
hematoxylin and eosin. Follicular cells are cuboidal and make 1-2 layers
around oocyte which has reddish transparent tunic around itself. What is the
type of this follicle?
A. Primordial follicle
B. Secondary follicle
C. Mature follicle
D. Atretic follicle
E. *Primary follicle
182.
Experimentally alkaline pH of prostate gland environment was replaced
by acidic. What will happen to spermatozoa?
A. Will change their structure
B. Mobility will increase
C. Maturation will stop
D. Formation will stop
E. *Mobility will decrease
183.
Prostate gland of patient was excised because of malignant
malformation. How does it reflect on fertility of this man?
A. Nothing
B. Few
C. Partially decrease
D. Increase
E. *Really decrease
184.
Estrogens level in female blood is higher. Which structures of ovary are
producing them?
A. Atretic follicles
B. Corpus luteum
C. Corpus albicans
D. Atretic bodies
E. *Maturing follicles
185.
There is specimen of ovary. Oval structures with remnant of zona
pellucida inside are placed in the cortex. What are these structures?
A. Corpus luteum
B. Primordial follicles
C. Maturing follicles
D. Atretic bodies
E. *Atretic follicles
186.
As a result of chronical inflammation tunica albuginea of ovary is
thicker and stronger. What does it result in?
A. Blockage of ovogenesis
B. Decrease of progesterone synthesis
C. Decrease of estrogens synthesis
D. Follicles will not develop
E. *Blockage of ovulation (anovulatory cycles)
187.
In experiment gonocytoblasts were destroying in germinal toruli of
embryo. What does it result in?
A. Decrease of estrogens synthesis
B. Sex organs will not appear
C. Secondary sexual signs will not appear
D. Decrease of progesterone synthesis
E. *Germ cells will not appear
188.
Blood analysis had revealed increase of estrogens. Which structures of
ovary are mainly producing these hormones?
A. Atretic follicles
B. Corpus luteum
C. Corpus albicans
D. Atretic bodies
E. *Tecocytes of maturing follicles
189.
Yellowish structure is placed in the cortex of histological specimen of
ovary. What is this structure?
A. Atretic follicle
B. Corpus albicans
C. Maturing follicle
D. Atretic body
E. Corpus luteum
190.
In histological specimen of ovary large follicle with distinct theca is
placed under tunica albuginea. What is this follicle?
A. Atretic follicle
B. Corpus luteum
C. Corpus albicans
D. Atretic body
E. *Maturing follicle
191.
Blood analysis had revealed increase of testosterone. Which organs of
this patient endocrinologist has to examine most of all?
A. Prostate
B. Epididymis
C. Testis, adrenal medulla, pituitary gland
D. Testis, prostate
E. *Testis, adrenal cortex, pituitary gland
192.
Histologic specimen contains organ of reproductive system which has
numerous coiled tubules whose wall has tunica with basal, myoid and fibrous
layers. Supporting cells and spermatogenic epithelium lie inside over basement
membrane. What is this organ?
A. Prostate gland
B. Epididymis
C. Vas defferens
D. Seminal vesicles
E. *Testis
193.
A lot of seminiferous tubules are seen in the specimen of testis.
Polygonal oxyphilic cells with lipid inclusions lie in connective tissue between
these tubules. What are these cells?
A. Spermatocytes
B. Spermatogonia
C. Sustentocytes
D. Spermatids
E. *Leydig cells
194.
In histologic specimen of testis in germinal epithelium of seminiferous
tubule there are large cells whose basis lie over basement membrane and apical
pole is turned to the lumen of tubule. They subdivide epithelium into basal and
adlumenal portions. What are these cells?
A. Spermatocytes
B. Leydig cells
C. Spermatogonia
D. Spermatids
E. *Sustentocytes
195.
Histological research of infertile woman endometrium had revealed
specific changes which are connected with progesterone influence. What is it
produced by?
A. Ovarial follicles
B. Anterior pituitary
C. Atretic follicles
D. Atretic bodies
E. *Corpus luteum
196.
25 years old man has delay of sexual maturation. Which hormone
deficiency is it due to?
A. Estrogen
B. Follicle stimulating
C. Luteinizing
D. Progesterone
E. *Testosterone
197.
Histologic specimen presents organ with tunica serosa and albuginea.
Connective tissue stroma contains Leydig cells. Parenchyma consists of
tubules with spermatogenic epithelium. What is this organ?
A. Bulbo-uretral gland
B. Epididymis
C. Prostate
D. Vas deferens
E. *Testis
198.
Muscular-glandular organ in specimen has lobulated parenchyma.
Excretory ducts of small glandules are opened into large channel which lies in
the middle of organ and is lined with transitional epithelium. Stroma consists
of connective and smooth muscular tissue. What is this organ?
A. Bulbo-uretral gland
B. Epididymis
C. Testis
D. Vas deferens
E. *Prostate gland
199.
Laboratory analysis of female blood had revealed progesterone increase.
Which structure of ovary is mainly responsible for this?
A. Atretic follicle
B. Corpus albicans
C. Atretic body
D. Maturing follicle
E. *Corpus luteum
200.
Specimen of testis demonstrates cross section of seminiferous tubule
with spermatids and spermatozoa. What is this stage of spermatogenesis?
A. Growth
B. Reproduction
C. Maturation
D. Fertilization
E. *Formation
201.
Insufficiency of uterine contractile activity causes weakness of labor
pains. Which hormone may correct this situation?
A. prostaglandine
B. testosterone
C. inhibin
D. progesterone
E. *oxytocin
202.
Blood analysis of non pregnant women revealed low level of
progesterone and low one of estrogens. Which stage of menstrual cycle is it
typical for?
A. premenstrual
B. postmenstrual (regeneration)
C. postmenstrual (prolipheration)
D. resting period
E. *menstrual
203.
As a result of chronicle inflammation, tunica albuginea of both ovaries
of woman is thick and dense. What may it result in?
A. disorders of ovogenesis
B. decrease of estrogens
C. decrease of progesterone
D. tubal pregnancy
E. *anovulatory cycles
204.
Woman complains on infertility during last few years. She has
anovulatory menstrual cycles. Which process does not occur in such situation?
A. reconstruction of follicle after oocyte is dying
B. proliferation of granulose cells
C. accumulation of lutein by follicular cells
D. decrease of mature follicle size
E. r*upture of follicle and release of oocyte into retroperitoneal cavity
205.
At histological research of ovary mature follicles were revealed in
cortex. At which stage of ovogenesis are they produced?
A. small growth
B. maturation
C. reproduction
D. formation
E. *large growth
206.
Specimen of ovary is stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Some follicle
has oocyte with oxyphilic reddish tunic and 1-2 layers of cuboidal follicular
cells around it. What is the type of this follicle?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
primordial
secondary
mature
atretic
*primary
207.
Woman has problem of breast feeding of baby. Secretion of milk by
lactocytes is not violated. Which hormone insufficiency is it due to?
A. follicle stimulating hormone
B. lutropin
C. prolactin
D. gonadocrinin
E. *oxytocin
208.
Female ovary is hyperemic. Large follicle protrudes over the surface.
It’s wall is thin, infiltrated with segmented neutrophils. Permeability of
hemato-follicular barrier is high. What stage of menstrual-ovarian cycle is it
due to?
A. premenstrual
B. menstrual
C. resting period
D. ovulation
E. *preovulatory
209.
Diagnostic biopsy of endometrium was made to 35 years old infertile
women. At histological research there were revealed edema of mucosa, coiled
uterine glands overfilled with viscous secret. Which hormone causes these
changes in endometrium?
A. estrogens
B. testosterone
C. growth hormone
D. ACTH
E. *progesterone
210.
40 years old woman has problem in labor due to insufficiency of uterine
contractile activity. Which hormone may stimulate uterine contractions?
A. hydrocortisone
B. estrogen
C. aldosteron
D. progesterone
E. *oxytocin
211.
22 years old girl has irregular menstrual-ovarian cycle. Which pituitary
hormone disorders production is it due to?
A. thyrotrophic
B. prolactin
C. growth hormone
D. ACTH
E. *luteinizing
212.
Microscopic research of infertile women endometrium biopsy had
revealed changes which were caused by progesterone. Where is it produced?
A. in hypothalamus
B.
C.
D.
E.
in ovarian follicles
in adenohypophysis
in neurohypophysis
*in corpus luteum of ovary
213.
During histological research of specimen it was revealed that
endometrial stroma has very few undifferentiated cells. Which stage of
menstrual cycle is it typical for?
A. premenstrual
B. postmenstrual (regeneration)
C. postmenstrual (proliferation)
D. resting period
E. *menstrual
214.
Hyperemic female ovary has large follicle. Wall of the last one is thin,
infiltrated with segmented neutrophils. Permeability of hemato-follicular
barrier is high. What stage of menstrual-ovarian cycle is it due to?
A. premenstrual
B. menstrual
C. resting period
D. ovulation
E. *preovulatory
215.
In the specimen of ovary round structure is seen which contains
glandulocytes with lipid droplets. What is this structure?
A. primordial follicle
B. primary follicle
C. mature follicle
D. atretic body
E. *corpus luteum
216.
Endocrine influence stops bleeding after parturition (labor). Which
component of uterine wall is responsible for this most of all?
A. functional layer of endometrium
B. basal layer of endometrium
C. perimetrium
D. submucosa
E. *myometrium middle layer
217.
Instrumental research of uterine tubes of 40 years old woman had
revealed their impassability because of adhesions. Which tissue they consist
of?
A. epithelial
B. smooth muscular
C. dense connective regular
D. dense connective irregular
E. *loose connective
218.
Large polygonal cells enriched with lipids and glycogen were revealed
in uterine lamina propria at secretory stage of menstrual cycle. What are these
cells?
A. smooth myocytes
B. endothelium of damaged vessels
C. myofibroblasts
D. fibroblasts
E. *decidual cells
219.
Histological picture of endometrium is characterized by thickening,
edema, and presence of a lot of coiled wide glands which produce mucous.
Stroma contains well distinct decidual cells. Which stage of menstrual cycle is
it adequate?
A. menstrual
B. regeneration
C. prolipheration
D. resting period
E. *secretory
220.
Blood analysis of non pregnant women revealed high level of
progesterone and low one of estrogens. Which stage of menstrual cycle is it
typical for?
A. menstrual
B. postmenstrual (regeneration)
C. postmenstrual (prolipheration)
D. resting period
E. *premenstrual
Test questions for figures
1. Which structural component of circulatory system do you see at Fig. 1?
A. Heart
B. *Microcirculatory bed
C. Arteries
D. Veins
E. Capillaries
2. Which vessels of microcirculatory bed are labeled No 2 and 4 at Fig. 1?
A. Heart
B. Microcirculatory bed
C. Arteries
D. Veins
E. *Capillaries
3. Which vessel of microcirculatory bed is labeled No 3 at Fig. 1?
A. Heart
B. Microcirculatory bed
C. *Arteriole
D. Veins
E. Capillaries
4. Which vessel of microcirculatory bed is labeled No 7 at Fig. 1?.
A. Heart
B. Microcirculatory bed
C. Arteriole
D. *Venule
E. Capillaries
5. Which structures do you see at Fig. 2?
A. *Arteriolo-venular anastomoses
B. Arteries
C. Arterioles
D. Venules
E. Capillaries
6. Capillary of which type is labeled No2 at Fig. 3?
A. *Continuous (somatic)
B. Discontinuous (visceral)
C. Sinusoidal
D. Adventitial
E. Lymphatic
7. Capillary of which type is labeled No9 at Fig. 3?
A. Continuous (somatic)
B. *Discontinuous (visceral)
C. Sinusoidal
D. Adventitial
E. Lymphatic
8. Which structural component of hemocapillary is labeled No1 at Fig. 3?
A. *Pericyte
B. Adventitial cell
C. Endotheliocyte
D. Smooth myocyte
E. Erythrocyte
9. Which structural component of hemocapillary is labeled No3 at Fig. 3?
A. Fenestrae
B. *Basement membrane
C. Pores
D. Anchoring fibers
E. Collagen fibers
10. Which structural component of hemocapillary is labeled No7 at Fig. 3?
A. *Fenestrae
B. Basement membrane
C. Pores
D. Anchoring fibers
E. Collagen fibers
11. Capillary of which type is labeled No10 at Fig. 3?
A. Continuous (somatic)
B. Discontinuous (visceral)
C. Sinusoidal
D. Adventitial
E. *Lymphatic
12. Which structure of hemocapillary is labeled No12 at Fig. 3?
A. Fenestrae
B. Basement membrane
C. Pores
D. *Anchoring fibers
E. Collagen fibers
13. Which tunica of artery is labeled No1 at Fig. 4?
A. Media
B. Intima
C. *Adventitia
D. Subendothelial
E. Muscular
14. Which tunica of artery is labeled No2 at Fig. 4?
A. Media
B. *Intima
C. Adventitia
D. Subendothelial
E. Muscular
15. Which tunica of artery is labeled No3 at Fig. 4?
A. *Media
B. Intima
C. Adventitia
D. Subendothelial
E. Muscular
16. Which layer of intima of artery is labeled No5 at Fig. 4?
A. Connective tissue
B. Inner elastic membrane
C. Outer elastic membrane
D. Subendothelial
E. *Endothelium
17. Which layer of intima of artery is labeled No6 at Fig. 5?
A. Connective tissue
B. *Inner elastic membrane
C. Outer elastic membrane
D. Subendothelial
E. Endothelium
18. Which tunica of artery is labeled No9 at Fig. 5?
A. *Media
B. Intima
C. Adventitia
D. Subendothelial
E. Muscular
19. Which tunica of artery is labeled No10 at Fig. 5?
A. Media
B. Intima
C. *Adventitia
D. Subendothelial
E. Muscular
20. Which tissue lies between muscular fibers of myocardium and is labeled No1 at
Fig. 6?
A. Dense connective tissue
B. *Loose connective tissue
C. Smooth muscular
D. Mucous
E. Reticular
21. Which cardiomyocyte components are labeled No2 at Fig. 6?
A. Fibroblasts nuclei
B. Myofibriles
C. Intercalated discs
D. *Cardiomyocytes nuclei
E. Cross striations
22. Capillary of which type is labeled A at Fig. 7?
A. *Continuous (somatic)
B. Discontinuous (visceral)
C. Sinusoidal
D. Adventitial
E. Lymphatic
23. Capillary of which type is labeled Б at Fig. 7?
A. Continuous (somatic)
B. *Discontinuous (visceral)
C. Sinusoidal
D. Adventitial
E. Lymphatic
24. Capillary of which type is labeled B at Fig. 7?
A. Continuous (somatic)
B. Discontinuous (visceral)
C. *Sinusoidal
D. Adventitial
E. Lymphatic
25. Which structure is labeled No 1 at Fig. 8?
A. Apical axon
B. *Apical dendrite
C. Descending axon
D. Betz’s cell body
E. Molecular layer
26. What is Betz’s cell No at Fig. 8?
A. 1
B. *2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
27. Which structure of brain cortex is labeled No10 at Fig. 8?
A. Molecular layer of brain cortex
B. Pyramidal layer of brain cortex
C. Inner granular layer of brain cortex
D. Outer granular layer of brain cortex
E. *White matter
28. Which layer of brain cortex is labeled No4 at Fig. 8?
A. *Molecular layer of brain cortex
B. Pyramidal layer of brain cortex к
C. Inner granular layer of brain cortex
D. Outer granular layer of brain cortex
E. Multiform cells layer
29. Which layer of brain cortex is labeled No5 at Fig. 8?
A. Molecular layer of brain cortex
B. Pyramidal layer of brain cortex
C. Inner granular layer of brain cortex
D. *Outer granular layer of brain cortex
E. Multiform cells layer
30. Which layer of brain cortex is labeled No6 at Fig. 8?
A. Molecular layer of brain cortex
B. Pyramidal layer of brain cortex
C. Inner granular layer of brain cortex
D. Outer granular layer of brain cortex
E. *Pyramidal layer
31. What is pyramidal layer No at Fig. 8?
A. 1
B. *6
C. 3
D. 9
E. 5
32. Which structure do you see at Fig. 8?
A. Spinal cord
B. Brain
C. Cerebellum
D. Midbrain
E. *Brain cortex
33. What is endotheliocyte No at Fig. 7?
A. *1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
34. What is motor cortex No at Fig. 9?
A. 1
B. *2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
35. Which structure is labeled No3 at Fig. 9?
A. Associative cortex of brain
B. Motor cortex of brain
C. *Sensory (visual) cortex of brain
D. Cerebellum
E. Spinal cord
36. What is sensory (visual) cortex No at Fig. 9?
A. 1
B. 2
C. *3
D. 4
E. 5
37. Which nerve cell do you see at Fig. 10?
A. Purkinje cell
B. *Betz’s cell
C. Stellate cell
D. Basket cell
E. Horizontal cell
38. Which organ do you see at Fig. 11?
A. Spinal cord
B. Головний мозок
C. *Cerebellum
D. Midbrain
E. Brain cortex
39. Which layer of brain cortex is labeled No1 at Fig. 12?
A. *Molecular layer
B. Purkinje cells dendrites
C. Purkinje cells perikarions
D. Cells of granular layer
E. Vessel
40. Which cerebellar structure is labeled No2 at Fig. 12?
A. Molecular layer
B. *Purkinje cells dendrites
C. Purkinje cells perikarions
D. Cells of granular layer
E. Vessel
41. Which cerebellar structure is labeled No3 at Fig. 12?
A. Molecular layer
B. Purkinje cells dendrites
C. *Purkinje cells perikarions
D. Cells of granular layer
E. Vessel
42. Which cerebellar structure is labeled No4 at Fig. 12?
A. Molecular layer
B. Purkinje cells dendrites
C. Purkinje cells perikarions
D. *Cells of granular layer
E. Vessel
43. What is No of molecular layer of cerebellum at Fig. 13?
A. *1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
44. What is No of gangluonic layer of cerebellum at Fig. 13?
A. 1
B. *2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
45. What is granular layer of cerebellum No at Fig. 13?
A. 1
B. 2
C. *3
D. 4
E. 5
46. Which structure of respiratory system conducting portion do you see at Fig.
No14?
A. Acinus
B. Middle bronchus
C. Small bronchus
D. *Terminal bronchiole
E. Blood vessel
47. Which structure is labeled No 2-4 at Fig. No15?
A. *Acinus
B. Middle bronchus
C. Small bronchus
D. Terminal bronchiole
E. Blood vessel
48. Which structure is labeled No 4 at Fig. No15?
A. Bronchiolee
B. Terminal bronchiole
C. *Alveolar sac
D. Acinus
E. Alveolar (respiratory) bronchiole
49. Which structure is labeled No 5 at Fig. No16?
A. *Endotheliocyte
B. Pericyte
C. Basement membrane
D. Respiratory alveolocyte
E. Secretory alveolocyte
50. What kind of bronchus do you see at Fig. No17?
A. Principal
B. *Large
C. Middle
D. Small
E. Bronchiole
51. Which structure is labeled No 1 at Fig. No18?
A. Lungs
B. Bronchi
C. *Conducting portion
D. Respiratory portion
E. Blood vessels branches
52. Name the organ at Fig. No19:
A. Lymphatic вузол
B. Spleen
C. Lungs
D. Thymus
E. *Kidney
53. Designate the structure at Fig. No20:
A. Renal cortex
B. Renal medulla
C. *Renal corpuscle
D. Lymphoid follicle
E. Nephron
54. Which structure is labeled No1 at Fig. No21 in nephron?
A. Renal corpuscle
B. Distal tubule
C. Proximal tubule
D. Straight tubule
E. *Клубочок capillaryів
55. Which structure is labeled No2 at Fig. No21 in nephron?
A. Renal corpuscle
B. Distal tubule
C. Proximal tubule
D. Straight tubule
E. *Urinary space
56. Which structure is labeled No3 at Fig. No21 in nephron?
A. Renal corpuscle
B. Distal tubule
C. *Proximal convoluted tubule
D. Straight tubule
E. Urinary space
57. Which structure is labeled No4 at Fig. No21 in nephron?
A. Renal corpuscle
B. *Distal convoluted tubule
C. Proximal convoluted tubule
D. Straight tubule
E. Urinary space
58. Which structure is labeled No6 at Fig. No21 in nephron?
A. Renal corpuscle
B. Distal convoluted tubule
C. Proximal convoluted tubule
D. Straight tubule
E. *Collecting tubule
59. Which structure is labeled No7 at Fig. No21 in nephron?
A. *Loop of Henle
B. Distal convoluted tubule
C. Proximal convoluted tubule
D. Straight tubule
E. Collecting tubule
60. Which structure of respiratory portion do you see Fig. No22?
A. Filtrative barrier of kidney
B. Blood capillary
C. Lymphatic capillary
D. *Air-hematic barrier
E. Alveolar (respiratory) bronchiole
61. Which structure of air-hematic barrier is labeled No1 at Fig. No22?
A. Respiratory alveolocyte
B. Secretory alveolocyte
C. *Basement membrane
D. Surfactant
E. Epitheliocyte
62. Designate the organ at Fig. No23:
A. Spleen
B. Liver
C. *Kidney
D. Heart
E. Lungs
63. Which structure is labeled No 1 at Fig. No23:
A. *Renal cortex
B. Renal medulla
C. Adrenal cortex
D. Adrenal medulla
E. Cortex of thymus
64. Which structure of kidney is labeled No1 at Fig. No24?
A. *Afferent arteriole
B. Interlobular artery
C. Arcuate artery
D. Efferent arteriole
E. Capillary
65. Which structure is labeled No3 at Fig. No24?
A. Afferent arteriole
B. Interlobular artery
C. Arcuate artery
D. *Efferent arteriole
E. Capillary
66. Which structure of lungs do you see at Fig. No25?
A. Filtrative barrier of kidney
B. Blood capillary
C. Lymphatic capillary
D. *Air-hematic barrier
E. Alveolar (respiratory) bronchiolee
67. Which structure is labeled No 1 at Fig. No25 в аерогематичному бар’єрі:
A. *Cytoplasm respiratory alveolocyte
B. Cytoplasm secretory alveolocyte
C. Cytoplasm Pericyteа
D. Cytoplasm Endotheliocyteа
E. Cytoplasm of macrophages
68. Which structure is labeled No 2 at Fig. No25 в аерогематичному бар’єрі:
A. Cytoplasm respiratory alveolocyte
B. Cytoplasm secretory alveolocyte
C. Cytoplasm of pericyte
D. *Cytoplasm of endotheliocyte
E. Cytoplasm of macrophages
69. Which cell of filtrative barrier do you see at Fig. No 26?
A. Endotheliocyte
B. Mesangiocyte
C. Macrophages
D. *Podocyte
E. Pericyte
70. Which structure of female reproductive system do you see at Fig. 27?
A. Uterus
B. Ovary
C. *Uterine tube
D. Vagina
E. Uterine cervix
71. Which structure of uterine tube is labeled No6 at Fig. 27?
A. Myometrium longitudinal layer
B. Myometrium circular layer
C. *Fimbria of mucosa
D. Folds of mucosa
E. Serosa
72. Which structure of uterine tube is labeled No5 at Fig. 27?
A. Myometrium longitudinal layer
B. Myometrium circular layer
C. Mucosa оболонка
D. Folds of mucosa
E. *Serosa
73. Which structure of female reproductive system do you see at Fig. 28?
A. Uterus
B. Ovary
C. *Uterine tube
D. Vagina
E. Uterine cervix
74. Which structures of uterine tube are labeled No1 at Fig. 28?
A. *Cilia
B. Folds
C. Fimbria
D. Ciliated cells
E. Secretory cells
75. Which structure of female reproductive system do you see at Fig. 29?
A. *Uterus
B. Ovary
C. Uterine tube
D. Vagina
E. Uterine cervix
76. Which structure of uterine mucosa is labeled No2 at Fig. 29?
A. Myometrium longitudinal layer
B. Lamina propria of uterine mucosa
C. Fimbria of mucosa
D. Uterine space
E. *Epithelium
77. Which uterine tunica is labeled No 3 at Fig. 29?
A. Serosa
B. Lamina propria of uterine mucosa
C. Muscular
D. *Mucosa
E. Epithelium
78. Which uterine tunica is labeled No7 at Fig. 29?
A. Serosa
B. Lamina propria of uterine mucosa
C. *Muscular
D. Mucosa
E. Epithelium
79. Which structure of uterine mucosa is labeled No9 at Fig. 29?
A. Myometrium longitudinal layer
B. Lamina propria of uterine mucosa
C. Fimbria of mucosa
D. *Uterine glands
E. Epithelium
80. Which uterine tunica is labeled No10 at Fig. 29?
A. *Serosa
B. Lamina propria of uterine mucosa
C. Muscular
D. Mucosa
E. Epithelium
81. Which structure of uterine mucosa is labeled No9 at Fig. 29?
A. Myometrium longitudinal layer
B. Lamina propria of uterine mucosa
C. Fimbria of mucosa
D. *Glands
E. Epithelium
82. Which structure of uterine mucosa is labeled No2 at Fig. 30?
A. Myometrium longitudinal layer
B. *Lamina propria of uterine mucosa
C. Fimbria of mucosa
D. Glands
E. Epithelium
83. Which structure of uterine mucosa is labeled No3 at Fig. 30?
A. Myometrium longitudinal layer
B. Lamina propria of uterine mucosa
C. Fimbria of mucosa
D. Glands
E. *Epithelium
84. Which layer of uterine mucosa is labeled No4 at Fig. 30?
A. *Functional
B. Basal
C. Submucosal
D. Mucosal
E. Epithelial
85. Which layer of uterine mucosa is labeled No5 at Fig. 30?
A. Functional
B. *Basal
C. Submucosal
D. Mucosal
E. Epithelial
86. Which phase of menstrual cycle is labeled No8 at Fig. 30?
A. Functional
B. Basal
C. *Desquamation
D. Secretion
E. Proliferation
87. Which phase of menstrual cycle is labeled No9 at Fig. 30?
A. Functional
B. Basal
C. Desquamation
D. Secretion
E. *Proliferation
88. Which phase of menstrual cycle is labeled No7 at Fig. 30?
A. Functional
B. Basal
C. Desquamation
D. *Secretion
E. Proliferation
89. Which functional condition of mammary gland is labeled No1 at Fig. 31?
A. Lactation
B. *Pregnancy absence
C. Period of pregnancy
D. Secretion
E. Proliferation
90. Which functional condition of mammary gland is labeled No2 at Fig. 31?
A. Lactation
B. Pregnancy absence
C. *Period of pregnancy
D. Secretion
E. Proliferation
91. Which structure of mammary gland is labeled No1 at Fig. 32?
A. *Secretory lobule
B. Adipose tissue
C. Lactiferous duct
D. Lactiferous sinus
E. Nipple
92. Which structure of mammary gland is labeled No2 at Fig. 32?
A. Secretory lobule
B. *Adipose tissue
C. Lactiferous duct
D. Lactiferous sinus
E. Nipple
93. Which structure of mammary gland is labeled No3 at Fig. 32?
A. Secretory lobule
B. Жирова клітковина
C. *Lactiferous duct
D. Lactiferous sinus
E. Nipple
94. Which organ do you see at Fig.39?
A. Thymus
B. *Spleen
C. Lymphatic node
D. Red bone marrow
E. Hemolymphatic node
95. Which histological structure of is labeled No 1 at Fig. 39?
A. *Red pulp
B. White pulp
C. Lymphatic nodule
D. Capsule
E. Light reactive center
96. Which histological structure of spleen is labeled No2 at Fig.39?
A. Red pulp
B. White pulp
C. Lymphatic nodule
D. Central artery
E. *Light reactive center
97. Which histological structure of spleen is labeled No5 at Fig.39?
A. Red pulp
B. White pulp
C. *Lymphatic nodule
D. Capsule
E. Light reactive center
98. Which histological structure of spleen is labeled No7 at Fig.39?
A. Red pulp
B. White pulp
C. Lymphatic nodule
D. *Capsule
E. Light reactive center
99. Which organ do you see at Fig. 34?
A. Thymus
B. Spleen
C. *Lymphatic node
D. Red bone marrow
E. Hemolymphatic node
100. Which organ do you see at Fig.35?
A. Thymus
B. Spleen
C. Lymphatic node
D. *Red bone marrow
E. Hemolymphatic node
101. Which cell of thymus is labeled No1 at Fig.36?
A. Epithelioreticulocyte
B. *Lymphocyte
C. Reticuloepitheliocyte
D. Macrophages
E. В-lymphocyte
102. Which cell of thymus is labeled No2 at Fig.36?
A. *Epithelioreticulocyte
B. Lymphocyte
C. Reticuloepitheliocyte
D. Macrophages
E. В-lymphocyte
103. Which structure of lymph node is labeled No9 at Fig.37?
A. Connective tissue capsule
B. *Medulla
C. Cortex
D. Sinus of hilum
E. Paracortical zone
104. Which structure of lymph node is labeled No10 at Fig.37?.
A. Connective tissue capsule
B. *Subcapsular sinus
C. Cortex
D. Sinus of hilum
E. Paracortical zone
105. Which structure of lymph node is labeled No11 at Fig.37?
A. *Afferent lymphatic vessel
B. Subcapsular sinus
C. Efferent lymphatic vessel
D. Sinus of hilum
E. Paracortical zone
106. Which structure of lymph node is labeled No4 at Fig.37?
A. *Medullary cords
B. Subcapsular sinus
C. Cortex
D. Sinus of hilum
E. Paracortical zone
107. What is lymphatic noduli No in the lymph node at Fig.37?
A. *12
B. 5
C. 3
D. 4
E. 9
108. Which histological structure of spleen is labeled No4 at Fig.38?
A. Red pulp
B. White pulp
C. Lymphatic nodule
D. Light reactive center
E. *Capsule
109. Which histological structure of spleen is labeled No2 at Fig.38?
A. Red pulp
B. White pulp
C. *Lymphatic nodule
D. Light reactive center
E. Capsule
110. Which histological structure of spleen is labeled No7 at Fig.38?
A. Red pulp
B. White pulp
C. Lymphatic nodule
D. *Light reactive center
E. Capsule
111. Which histological structure of spleen is labeled No9 at Fig.38?
A. Red pulp
B. White pulp
C. Lymphatic nodule
D. Light reactive center
E. *Periarterial lymphatic sheath
112. Which histological structure of spleen is labeled No6 at Fig.38?
A. *Red pulp
B. White pulp
C. Lymphatic nodule
D. Light reactive center
E. Capsule
113. What is lymphatic nodule No in the lymph node at Fig.39?
A. *2
B. 4
C. 1
D. 9
E. 6
114. Which organ do you see at Fig.33?
A. *Thymus
B. Spleen
C. Lymphatic node
D. Red bone marrow
E. Hemolymphatic node
115. Which structure of thymus is labeled No4 at Fig.33?
A. Connective tissue capsule
B. Medulla
C. *Cortex
D. Hassal’s corpuscle
E. Thymic lobule
116. Which structure of thymus is labeled No3 at Fig.33?
A. Connective tissue capsule
B. *Medulla
C. Cortex
D. Hassal’s corpuscle
E. Thymic lobule
117. Which organ do you see at Fig.40?
A. Dorsalroot ganglion
B. Cerebrospinal nerve
C. Cortex of large hemispheres
D. Cerebellum
E. *Spinal cord
118. Which structure of spinal cord is labeled No 12 at Fig.40?
A. *Anterior horns of spinal cord
B. Posterior horns of spinal cord
C. Intermediate horns of spinal cord
D. Anterior root of spinal cord
E. Posterior root of spinal cord
119. Which structure of spinal cord is labeled No15 at Fig.40?
A. *Anterior median fissure
B. Posterior median sulcus
C. Anterior cerebrospinal artery
D. Posterior root of spinal cord
E. Intermediate horns of spinal cord
120. Which structure of spinal cord is labeled No 6 at Fig.41?
A. Intermediate horns of spinal cord
B. *Posterior funiculi
C. Anterior funiculi
D. Lateral funiculi
E. Cerebrospinal canal
121. Which structure of spinal cord is labeled No5 at Fig.41?
A. Intermediate horns of spinal cord
B. Posterior funiculi
C. Anterior funiculi
D. *Lateral funiculi
E. Cerebrospinal canal
122. Which structure of spinal cord is labeled No4 at Fig.41?
A. Intermediate horns of spinal cord
B. Posterior funiculi
C. *Anterior funiculi
D. Lateral funiculi
E. Cerebrospinal canal
123. Which structure of spinal cord is labeled No12 at Fig.41?
A. Dorsalroot ganglion
B. Autonomic ganglion
C. Lateral roots
D. *Dorsal roots
E. Anterior roots
124. Which structure of spinal cord is labeled No11 at Fig.41?
A. Dorsalroot ganglion
B. Autonomic ganglion
C. Lateral roots
D. Dorsal roots
E. *Anterior roots
125. Which structure of spinal cord is labeled No13 at Fig.41?
A. *Dorsalroot ganglion
B. Autonomic ganglion
C. Lateral roots
D. Dorsal roots
E. Anterior roots
126. Which structure of spinal cord is labeled No2 at Fig.41?
A. Intermediate horns of spinal cord
B. Posterior funiculi
C. *Posterior horns of spinal cord
D. Anterior horns of spinal cord
E. Cerebrospinal canal
127. Which structure of dorsalroot ganglion is labeled No1 at Fig.42?
A. Anterior roots
B. *Posterior roots
C. Pseudounipolar neurons
D. Mantial gliocytes
E. Connectivetissue capsule
128. Which structure of dorsalroot ganglion is labeled No2 at Fig.42?
A. *Anterior roots
B. Posterior roots
C. Pseudounipolar neurons
D. Mantial gliocytes
E. Connectivetissue capsule
129. Which structure of dorsalroot ganglion is labeled No3 at Fig.42?
A. Anterior roots
B. Posterior roots
C. *Pseudounipolar neurons
D. Mantial gliocytes
E. Connectivetissue capsule
130. Which structure of dorsalroot ganglion is labeled No4 at Fig.42?
A. Anterior roots
B. Posterior roots
C. Pseudounipolar neurons
D. *Mantial gliocytes
E. Connectivetissue capsule
131. Which structure of dorsalroot ganglion is labeled No5 at Fig.42?
A. Anterior roots
B. Posterior roots
C. Pseudounipolar neurons
D. *Nerve fibers
E. Connectivetissue capsule
132. Which structure of dorsalroot ganglion is labeled No6 at Fig.42?
A. Anterior roots
B. Posterior roots
C. Pseudounipolar neurons
D. Mantial gliocytes
E. *Connectivetissue capsule
133. Which structure of spinal cord is labeled No2 at Fig.43?
A. Anterior horns of spinal cord
B. *Posterior horns of spinal cord
C. Intermediate horns of spinal cord
D. Cerebrospinal canal
E. Posterior funiculi
134. Which structure of spinal cord is labeled No5 at Fig.43?
A. *Anterior horns of spinal cord
B. Posterior horns of spinal cord
C. Intermediate horns of spinal cord
D. Cerebrospinal canal
E. Posterior funiculi
135. Which structure of spinal cord is labeled No4 at Fig.43?
A. Anterior horns of spinal cord
B. Posterior horns of spinal cord
C. *Intermediate horns of spinal cord
D. Cerebrospinal canal
E. Posterior funiculi
136. Which structure of nerve is labeled No1 at Fig.44?
A. *Epineurium
B. Perineurium
C. Endoneurium
D. Nerve fibers
E. Vessels
137. Which structure of nerve is labeled No2 at Fig.44?
A. Epineurium
B. *Perineurium
C. Endoneurium
D. Nerve fibers
E. Vessels
138. Which structure of nerve is labeled No3 at Fig.44?
A. Epineurium
B. Perineurium
C. *Endoneurium
D. Nerve fibers
E. Vessels
139. Which structure of nerve is labeled No4 at Fig.44?
A. Epineurium
B. Perineurium
C. Endoneurium
D. *Nerve fibers
E. Vessels
140. Which structure of nerve is labeled No5 at Fig.44?
A. Epineurium
B. Perineurium
C. Endoneurium
D. Nerve fibers
E. *Adipocytes
141. Which cells of salivary glands are labeled No1 at Fig.45?
A. Smooth myocytes
B. *Serocytes
C. Mucocytes
D. Adipocytes
E. Myoepithelial cells
142. Which structure of salivary gland is labeled No7 at Fig.45?
A. Intercalated duct
B. Striated duct
C. *Serous acinus
D. Mucous acinus
E. Sero-mucous acinus
143. Which structure of salivary gland is labeled No9 at Fig.45?
A. Intercalated duct
B. *Striated duct
C. Serous acinus
D. Mucous acinus
E. Sero-mucous acinus
144. Which cells of salivary glands are labeled No11 at Fig.45?
A. Smooth myocytes
B. Serocytes
C. *Mucocytes
D. Adipocytes
E. Myoepithelial cells
145. Which structure of salivary gland is labeled No1 at Fig.46?
A. Intercalated duct
B. Striated duct
C. Serous acinus
D. Mucous acinus
E. *General secretory duct
146. Which structure of salivary gland is labeled No2 at Fig.46?
A. Intercalated duct
B. Striated duct
C. Serous acinus
D. *Interlobular duct
E. Common excretory duct
147. Which structure of salivary gland is labeled No5 at Fig.46?
A. Intercalated duct
B. Striated duct
C. *Secretory portion
D. Interlobular duct
E. Common excretory duct
148. Which structure of salivary gland is labeled No4 at Fig.47?
A. Intercalated duct
B. Striated duct
C. Secretory portion
D. *Lobule
E. Serous acinus
149. Which structure of salivary gland is labeled No7 at Fig.47?
A. Mucous acinus
B. Intercalated duct
C. *Mixed acinus
D. Lobule
E. Serous acinus
150. Which cells of salivary glands are labeled No8 at Fig.47?
A. Smooth myocytes
B. Serocytes
C. Mucocytes
D. *Myoepithelial cells
E. Hepatocytes
151. Which cells of pancreatic islet are labeled No1 at Fig.48?
A. *А- insulocytes
B. В- insulocytes
C. Centroacinar cells
D. Myoepithelial cells
E. Hepatocytes
152. Which cells of pancreatic islet are labeled No3 at Fig.48?
A. А- insulocytes
B. *В- insulocytes
C. Centroacinar cells
D. Myoepithelial cells
E. Hepatocytes
153. Which gland of digestive system structural components at Fig.49 are typical for?
A. *Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Parotid gland
D. Submandibular gland
E. Sublingual gland
154. Which structure of liver is labeled No1 at Fig.49?
A. Hepatic acinus
B. *Hepatic lobule
C. Triad
D. Portal lobule
E. Portal tract
155. Which structure of liver is labeled No5 at Fig.49?
A. *Hepatic acinus
B. Hepatic lobule
C. Triad
D. Portal lobule
E. Portal tract
156. Which structure of liver is labeled No6 at Fig.49?
A. Hepatic acinus
B. Hepatic lobule
C. Sinusoidal capillary
D. *Portal tract
E. Portal lobule
157. Which hepatic vessel is labeled No7 at Fig.50?
A. Aroundlobular artery
B. Interlobular artery
C. Sinusoidal capillary
D. Portal lobule
E. *Central vein
158. Which structures of hepatic lobule are labeled No8 at Fig.50?
A. Aroundlobular arteries
B. *Hepatic cords
C. Sinusoidal capillaries
D. Portal lobules
E. Central veins
159. Which structure of liver is labeled No9 at Fig.50?
A. *Bile capillary
B. Interlobular artery
C. Sinusoidal capillary
D. Portal lobule
E. Central vein
160. Which structure of hepatic lobule is labeled No11 at Fig.50?
A. Bile capillary
B. Interlobular artery
C. *Sinusoidal capillary
D. Portal lobule
E. Central vein
161. Which cells of liver are labeled No5 at Fig.50?
A. Hepatocytes
B. Ito cells
C. Centroacinar cells
D. *Endotheliocytes
E. Kupffer cells
162. Structural components of which gland of digestive system are seen at Fig.51?
A. Sublingual gland
B. Pancreas
C. Parotid gland
D. Submandibular gland
E. *Liver
163. Which morphofunctional unite of liver is labeled No1 at Fig.51?
A. Portal lobule
B. *Classic hepatic lobule
C. Hepatic acinus
D. Interlobular bile duct
E. Interlobular vein
164. Which morphofunctional unite of liver is labeled No2 at Fig.51?
A. *Portal lobule
B. Classic hepatic lobule
C. Hepatic acinus
D. Interlobular bile duct
E. Interlobular vein
165. Lingual papillae of which type are labeled No7 at Fig.52?
A. Circumvalate
B. Foliate
C. Fungiform
D. *Filiform
E. Conical
166. Lingual papillae of which type are labeled No8 at Fig.52?
A. Circumvalate
B. Foliate
C. *Fungiform
D. Filiform
E. Conical
167. Lingual papillae of which type are labeled No6 at Fig.52?
A. *Circumvalate
B. Foliate
C. Fungiform
D. Filiform
E. Conical
168. Which structure of the tongue is labeled No2 at Fig.53?
A. Lingual papillae
B. Minor salivary glands
C. Taste buds
D. *Secondary papillae
E. Large salivary glands
169. Which structure of the tongue do you see at Fig.54?
A. Lingual papillae
B. Minor salivary glands
C. *Смакова брунька
D. Secondary papillae
E. Large salivary glands
170. What kind of cells in the taste bud are labeled No2 at Fig.54?
A. Supporting
B. Receptor cells
C. *Basal cells
D. Chief cells
E. Epithelial cells
171. What kind of cells in the taste bud are labeled No5 at Fig.54?
A. Supporting
B. *Receptor cells
C. Basal cells
D. Chief cells
E. Epithelial cells
172. What kind of cells in the taste bud are labeled No6 at Fig.54?
A. *Supporting
B. Receptor cells
C. Basal cells
D. Chief cells
E. Epithelial cells
173. Which component of taste bud is labeled No3 at Fig.54?
A. Stratified ciliated epithelium
B. *Taste pore
C. Microvilli
D. Receptor cells
E. Epithelial cells
174. Which part of alimentary tract do you see at Fig.55?
A. Tubal tonsil
B. Pharingeal tonsil
C. Laringeal tonsil
D. *Palatine tonsil
E. Esophagus
175. Which structure of tonsil is labeled No3 at Fig.55?
A. Villus
B. *Crypt
C. Gland
D. Pit
E. Fold
176. Which structures of tonsil are labeled No5 at Fig.55?
A. Connectivetissue septae
B. Crypts
C. Glands
D. Pits
E. *Lymph nodules
177. Which part of alimentary tract do you see at Fig.56?
A. Tubal tonsil
B. Palatine tonsil
C. Laringeal tonsil
D. Pharingeal tonsil
E. *Esophagus
178. Which structure of esophageal mucosa is labeled No1 at Fig.56?
A. Lamina propria
B. Muscularis mucosa
C. *Epithelium
D. Submucosa
E. Muscularis externa
179. Which structure of esophageal wall is labeled No2 at Fig.56?
A. *Esophageal glands
B. Muscularis mucosa
C. Epithelium
D. Submucosa
E. Muscularis externa
180. Which structure of esophageal mucosa is labeled No3 at Fig.56?
A. Lamina propria
B. *Muscularis mucosa
C. Epithelium
D. Submucosa
E. Muscularis externa
181. Which tunica of esophagus is labeled No5 at Fig.56?
A. Lamina propria
B. Muscularis mucosa
C. Epithelium
D. *Submucosa
E. Muscularis externa
182. Which structure of esophagus is labeled No6 at Fig.56?
A. Lamina propria
B. Muscularis mucosa
C. Epithelium
D. *Longitudinal layer of muscularis externa
E. Circular layer of muscularis externa
183. Which structure of esophagus is labeled No7 at Fig.56?
A. Lamina propria
B. Muscularis mucosa
C. Epithelium
D. Longitudinal layer of muscularis externa
E. *Circular layer of muscularis externa
184. Which part of alimentary tract do you see at Fig.57?
A. Tubal tonsil
B. Palatine tonsil
C. Laringeal tonsil
D. *Esophageo-gastric junction
E. Esophagus
185. Which structure of gastric mucosa do you see at Fig.58?
A. Pyloric gland
B. Cardial gland
C. *Proper gastric gland
D. Submucosa
E. Muscularis externa
186. Which part of proper gastric gland is labeled A at Fig.58?
A. *Fundus
B. Body
C. Neck
D. Fold
E. Microvillus
187. Which structure of intestinal mucosa do you see at Fig.59?
A. Pyloric gland
B. Cardial gland
C. Proper gastric gland
D. Crypt
E. *Villus
188. Which structures of male reproductive system do you see at Fig. 60?
A. Straight seminiferous tubules
B. *Convoluted seminiferous tubules
C. Rete testis
D. Efferent seminal tubuli
E. Ejaculatory duct
189. Which cells of testis are labeled No1 at Fig.60?
A. *Leydig cells
B. Sertoli cells
C. Spermatogonia
D. Spermatocytes
E. Spermatids
190. Which morphofunctional unit of testis is labeled No11 at Fig.61?
A. Head of epididymis
B. Convoluted seminiferous tubule
C. Connectivetissue septae
D. *Lobule of testis
E. Tunica albuginea
191. Which cells of testis are labeled No3 at Fig.62?
A. Leydig cells
B. Sertoli cells
C. Spermatogonia
D. *Primary spermatocytes
E. Fibroblasts
192. Which cells of testis are labeled No3 at Fig.62?
A. Leydig cells
B. Sertoli cells
C. *Spermatozoa
D. Primary spermatocytes
E. Fibroblasts
193. Which cells of testis are labeled No7 at Fig.62?
A. Leydig cells
B. *Sertoli cells
C. Spermatozoa
D. Primary spermatocytes
E. Fibroblasts
194. Which cells of testis are labeled No9 at Fig.62?
A. Leydig cells
B. Sertoli cells
C. *Spermatids
D. Primary spermatocytes
E. Fibroblasts
195. Which cells of testis are labeled No11 at Fig.62?
A. Leydig cells
B. Sertoli cells
C. Spermatids
D. *Primary spermatocytes
E. Fibroblasts
196. Which cells of testis are labeled No12 at Fig.62?
A. Leydig cells
B. Sertoli cells
C. *Spermatogonia
D. Primary spermatocytes
E. Fibroblasts
197. Which cells of testis are labeled No16 at Fig.62?
A. Myoid cells
B. Sertoli cells
C. Spermatogonia
D. Primary spermatocytes
E. *Leydig cells
198. Which stage of spermatogenesis is labeled A at scheme 63?
A. Reproduction
B. Growth
C. *Formation
D. Maturation
E. Rest period
199. Which stage of spermatogenesis is labeled B at scheme 63?
A. Reproduction
B. Growth
C. Formation
D. *Maturation
E. Rest period
200. Which stage of spermatogenesis is labeled C at scheme 63?
A. Reproduction
B. *Growth
C. Formation
D. Maturation
E. Rest period
201. Which stage of spermatogenesis is labeled D at scheme 63?
A. *Reproduction
B. Growth
C. Formation
D. Maturation
E. Rest period
202. Which cells of reproductive stage of spermatogenesis are labeled No1 at
scheme63?
A. Myoid cells
B. Sertoli cells
C. Spermatids
D. *Spermatogonia
E. Leydig cells
203. Which cells of reproductive stage of spermatogenesis are labeled No2 at
scheme63?
A. Myoid cells
B. Sertoli cells
C. Spermatids
D. Spermatogonia
E. *Primary spermatocytes
204. Which cells of reproductive stage of spermatogenesis are labeled No7 at
scheme63?
A. Myoid cells
B. Sertoli cells
C. *Spermatozoa
D. Residual bodies
E. Secondary spermatocytes
205. Which structures of male reproductive system do you see at Fig. 64?
A. *Epididymal duct
B. Testis
C. Rete testis
D. Efferent seminal tubuli
E. Ejaculatory duct
206. Which structures of epididymal head cells are labeled at Fig.64?
A. Nuclei
B. *Stereocilia
C. Microvilli
D. Cilia
E. Flagellae
207. Epithelium of which type do you see in epididymal duct at Fig.64:
A. Simple squamous
B. Simple cuboidal
C. *Pseudostratified
D. Transitional (urothelium)
E. Stratified squamous
208. Which structures of male reproductive system do you see at Fig.65?
A. Epididymal duct
B. Testis
C. Rete testis
D. Efferent seminal tubuli
E. *Deferent duct
209. Which structures of male reproductive system do you see at Fig.66?
A. Epididymal duct
B. Testis
C. *Передміхурова залоза
D. Efferent seminal tubuli
E. Deferent duct
210. Which structures of prostate gland are labeled No1 at Fig.66?
A. *Prostatic glands
B. Prostasomes
C. Glandular epithelium
D. Smooth myocytes
E. Spermatozoa
211. Which structures of prostate gland are labeled No3 at Fig. 66?
A. Prostatic glands
B. *Prostasomes
C. Glandular epithelium
D. Smooth myocytes
E. Spermatozoa
212. Which tunic of the eye do you see at Fig.67?
A. *Cornea
B. Sclera
C. Iris
D. Conjunctiva
E. Organ of Corti
213. Which layer of cornea is labeled No 1 at Fig.67?
A. Epithelium
B. *Anterior limiting membrane
C. Proper substance
D. Posterior limiting membrane
E. Nerve fiber
214. Which layer of cornea is labeled No 2 at Fig.67?
A. Epithelium
B. Anterior limiting membrane
C. *Proper substance
D. Posterior limiting membrane
E. Nerve fiber
215. Which layer of cornea is labeled No 4 at Fig.67?
A. *Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium
B. Anterior limiting membrane
C. Proper substance
D. Posterior limiting membrane
E. Nerve fiber
216. What is stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium No at Fig.67 (in cornea)?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. *4
E. 5
217. Which cell of retina do you see at Fig.71?
A. *Rod cell
B. Cone cell
C. Horizontal cell
D. Amacrine cell
E. Melanocytes
218. What is cochlear duct No at Fig.72?
A. 1
B. 2
C. *3
D. 4
E. 5
219. Which structure is labeled No 4 at Fig.72?
A. Cochlear duct
B. *Stria vascularis
C. Vestibular membrane
D. Spiral ligament
E. Limbus
220. Which structure is labeled No5 at Fig.72?
A. Cochlear duct
B. Stria vascularis
C. *Vestibular membrane
D. Spiral ligament
E. Limbus
221. What is tectorial membrane of Corti’s organ No at Fig.73?
A. 1
B. *2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
222. Which structure of ampullar crest is labeled No1 at Fig.74?
A. Hair cells
B. Supporting cells
C. *Cupule
D. Ampullar crest
E. Nereve fibers
223. Which cells of ampullar crest are labeled No2 at Fig.74?
A. *Hair cells
B. Supporting cells
C. Cupule
D. Ampullar crest
E. Nereve fibers
224. Which cells of ampullar crest are labeled No3 at Fig.74?
A. Hair cells
B. *Supporting cells
C. Cupule
D. Ampullar crest
E. Nereve fibers
225. Which structures of ampullar crest are labeled No4 at Fig.74?
A. Hair cells
B. Supporting cells
C. Cupule
D. Ampullar crest
E. *Nereve fibers
226. Which cells of Corti’s organ are labeled No1 at Fig.73?
A. *Hair cells
B. Supporting cells
C. Deiter’s cells
D. Hensen cells
E. Claudius cells
227. Which structure of sense organ is labeled No1 at Fig.75?
A. *Kinocilia
B. Stereocilia
C. Microvilli
D. Cilia
E. Flagellae
228. Which structure of sense organ is labeled No2 at Fig.75?
A. Kinocilia
B. *Stereocilia
C. Microvilli
D. Cilia
E. Flagellae
229. Which structure of retina do you see at Fig.69?
A. *Yellow spot
B. Blind spot
C. Optic nerve
D. Inner plexiform layer
E. Melanocytes
230. Which structure of sense organ do you see at Fig.70?
A. Retina
B. Cornea
C. Optic nerve
D. *Lens
E. Iris
231. Which structure of sense organ do you see at Fig.76?
A. Organ of Corti
B. Retina
C. Ampullar crest
D. Lens
E. *Macula of utricle or saccule
232. What is retina photosensory layer No at Fig.68?
A. *1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
233. What is retina outer nuclear layer No at Fig.68?
A. 1
B. *2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
234. What is retina inner nuclear layer No at Fig.68?
A. 1
B. *2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
235. Which retinal layer is labeled No 1 at Fig.68?
A. outer nuclear layer
B. outer plexiform layer
C. inner nuclear layer
D. inner plexiform layer
E. *photosensory layer
236. Which structure of skin is labeled No1 at Fig. 77?
A. *Sweat gland
B. Blood vessel
C. Sebaceous gland
D. Nerve ending
E. Hair root
237. Which structure of skin is labeled No2 at Fig. 77?
A. *Sebaceous gland
B. Sweat gland
C. Blood vessel
D. Nerve ending
E. Hair root
238. Which structure of skin is labeled No3 at Fig. 77?
A. Hair shaft
B. Sweat gland
C. *Hair root
D. Nerve ending
E. Blood vessel
239. Which structure of skin is labeled No1 at Fig. 78?
A. Sebaceous gland
B. Sweat gland
C. Nerve ending
D. *Hair shaft
E. Blood vessel
240. Which structure of skin is labeled No2 at Fig. 78?
A. *Epidermis
B. Papillary layer of dermis
C. Reticular layer of dermis
D. Sebaceous gland
E. Sweat gland
241. Which structure of skin is labeled No3 at Fig. 78?
A. Hair root
B. Inner epithelial sheath
C. Hair cortex
D. Hair medulla
E. *Outer epithelial sheath
242. Which epidermal layer is labeled No1 at Fig. 79?
A. Stratum corneum
B. Stratum lucidum
C. Stratum granulosum
D. *Stratum spinosum
E. Basal layer
243. Which tissue does papillary layer of skin consist of at Fig. 79 (No2)?
A. *Loose connective
B. Dense connective regular
C. Dense connective irregular
D. Epithelial
E. Reticular
244. Which epidermal layer is labeled No4 at Fig. 80?
A. Stratum corneum
B. Stratum granulosum
C. Papillary
D. *Spinosum
E. Stratum lucidum
245. Which layer of skin is labeled No5 at Fig. 80?
A. Stratum corneum
B. Stratum granulosum
C. Papillary
D. Spinosum
E. *Basal layer
246. Which layer of skin is labeled No6 at Fig. 80?
A. Stratum corneum
B. Stratum granulosum
C. *Papillary
D. Spinosum
E. Basal layer
247. Which layer of adrenal gland cortex is labeled No1 at Fig. 81?
A. Reticular
B. Funicular
C. *Glomerular
D. Sudanophobic
E. Capsule
248. Which layer of adrenal gland cortex is labeled No1 at Fig. 82?
A. *Reticular
B. Funicular
C. Glomerular
D. Sudanophobic
E. Capsule
249. Which layer of adrenal gland is labeled No2 at Fig. 82?
A. Reticular
B. Funicular
C. Glomerular
D. Sudanophobic
E. *Medulla
250. Which cells are labeled No2 at Fig. 82?
A. Chromophobic
B. Chromophilic
C. *Chromaffin
D. Adrenocorticocytes
E. Spongiocytes
251. Which cells of adrenal medulla are labeled No1 at Fig. 83?
A. Chromophobic
B. Chromophilic
C. *Epinephrocytes
D. Norepinephrocytes
E. Adrenocorticocyte
252. Which structure of adrenal gland is labeled No1 at Fig. 84?
A. *Capsule
B. Cambial cells
C. Glomerular zone
D. Funicular zone
E. Sudanophobic zone
253. Which structure of adrenal gland is labeled No3 at Fig. 84?
A. Capsule
B. Cambial cells
C. *Glomerular zone
D. Funicular zone
E. Sudanophobic шар
254. Which structure of adrenal gland is labeled No4 at Fig. 84?
A. Capsule
B. *Cambial cells
C. Glomerular zone
D. Funicular zone
E. Sudanophobic zone
255. Which structure of adrenal gland is labeled No5 at Fig. 84?
A. Capsule
B. Cambial cells
C. Glomerular zone
D. *Fuscicular zone
E. Sudanophobic zone
256. Which layer of endocrine cells do you see in adrenal gland at Fig. 85?
A. Reticular
B. Funicular
C. *Glomerular
D. Sudanophobic
E. Capsule
257. Which layer of endocrine cells do you see in adrenal gland at Fig. 86?
A. Sudanophobic шар
B. *Funicular zone
C. Glomerular zone
D. Reticular zone
E. Capsule
258. Which structure of adrenal gland is labeled No1 at Fig. 87?
A. Sudanophobic шар
B. Funicular zone
C. *Glomerular zone
D. Reticular zone
E. Capsule
259. Which structure of adrenal gland is labeled No3 at Fig. 87?
A. Sudanophobic шар
B. *Fuscicular zone
C. Glomerular zone
D. Reticular zone
E. Capsule
260. Which structure is labeled No1 at Fig. 88?
A. anterior pituitary
B. posterior pituitary
C. *tuberal portion of pituitary gland
D. pituitary stalk
E. intermediate lobe of pituitary gland
261. Which structure is labeled No2 at Fig. 88?
A. anterior pituitary
B. posterior pituitary
C. tuberal portion of pituitary gland
D. *pituitary stalk
E. intermediate lobe of pituitary gland
262. Which structure is labeled No5 at Fig. 88?
A. anterior pituitary gland
B. posteriorpituitary gland
C. tuberal portion ofpituitary gland
D. pituitary glandарна ніжка
E. *intermediate lobe ofpituitary gland
263. Which structure is labeled No6 at Fig. 88?
A. *anterior pituitary
B. posterior pituitary
C. tuberal portion of pituitary gland
D. pituitary stalk
E. intermediate lobe of pituitary gland
264. Which structure is labeled No4 at Fig. 88?
A. anterior pituitary
B. *posterior pituitary
C. tuberal portion of pituitary gland
D. pituitary stalk
E. intermediate lobe of pituitary gland
265. Which endocrine gland do you see at Fig. 89?
A. hypothalamus
B. pituitary gland
C. *epiphysis
D. thyroid gland
E. parathyroid gland
266. What is the number of epiphysis capsule at Fig. 89?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. *5
267. What is the number of pinealocytes at Fig. 89?
A. 1
B. 2
C. *3
D. 4
E. 5
268. What is the number of brain sand at Fig. 89?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. *4
E. 5
269. What is the number of blood vessel in epiphysis at Fig. 89?
A. 1
B. *2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
270. What is the number of connective tissue in epiphysis at Fig. 89?
A. *1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
271. Which structure is labeled No1 at Fig. 90?
A. interfollicular cells
B. thyrocytes
C. space of follicle
D. *follicles
E. connective tissue layer
272. Which structure is labeled No2 at Fig. 90?
A. interfollicular cells
B. *thyrocytes
C. space of follicle
D. follicles
E. connective tissue layer
273. Which structure is labeled No3 at Fig. 90?
A. interfollicular cells
B. thyrocytes
C. coloid
D. follicles
E. *connective tissue layer
274. Which structure is labeled No4 at Fig. 90?
A. interfollicular cells
B. *coloid
C. space of follicle
D. follicles
E. connective tissue septa
275. Which structure is labeled No5 at Fig. 90?
A. *interfollicular cells
B. thyrocytes
C. space of follicle
D. follicles
E. connective tissue layer
276. Which structure is labeled No1 at Fig. 91?
A. interfollicular cells
B. thyrocytes
C. space of follicle
D. *follicles
E. connective tissue layer
277. Which structure is labeled No2 at Fig. 91?
A. interfollicular cells
B. *thyrocytes
C. space of follicle
D. follicles
E. connective tissue layer
278. Which structure is labeled No3 at Fig. 91?
A. interfollicular cells
B. thyrocytes
C. *coloid
D. follicles
E. connective tissue layer
279. Which structure is labeled No4 at Fig. 91?
A. interfollicular cells
B. coloid
C. space of follicle
D. follicles
E. *connective tissue septa
280. Which endocrine gland do you see at Fig. 91?
A. hypothalamus
B. pituitary gland
C. epiphysis
D. *thyroid gland
E. parathyroid gland
281. Which endocrine cell do you see at Fig. 92?
A. adrenocorticocyte
B. pituicyte
C. pinealocyte
D. *thyrocyte
E. parathyrocyte
282. Which endocrine gland do you see at Fig. 93?
A. hypothalamus
B. pituitary gland
C. epiphysis
D. thyroid gland
E. *parathyroid gland