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Topic 3: Earth in the Universe pg.33-43
Adapted from Mr. D’Anna http://www.dannascience.com/
Due: Monday May5th Due: Monday May 5th
Origin and Age of the Universe pg.33
1. Define a celestial object:
2. What do the majority of scientists believe was the origin of our Universe?
3. Approximately when did the Big Bang occur?
4. What is some recent evidence that supports the Big Bang Theory?
5. What can scientists infer by studying the spectrum of electromagnetic energy coming from
stars and other celestial objects?
6. What does a Doppler Red Shift indicate?
7. The collective light from the stars in all galaxies, except for a few galaxies close to Earth is
shifted to the ________ end of the spectrum.
8. The fact that almost all galaxies exhibit a red shift indicates _________________
9. The farther away a galaxy is the faster it is moving away. This is Hubble’s Law.
Review Questions pg. 35 1-6
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Structure of the Universe pg. 3
10. Define Galaxy:
11. How are Galaxies classified?
12. What Galaxy is Earth? ________________________________________________________
13. What is the shape of our Galaxy? _______________________________________________
Stars pg 36
14. Where does the energy produced by stars come from?
15. What is the luminosity of a star?
Using the “Luminosity and Temperature of Stars” chart on p.15 of the ESRT’s.
16. Compare the temperature of Red stars to the temperature of Blue stars.
Main Sequence Stars
17. About what percent of stars studied are Min Sequence Stars
Star Origin and Evolution
18. What is it believed that stars originate from?
Study figure 3-5.
19. In what stage does a star spend most of its life?
20. What determines whether or not a Red Giant star becomes a Supernova or a White dwarf?
Review Questions pg. 38 (7-23)
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Solar System pg. 39
21. How does your review book define our Solar system?
22. Near the bottom of p.39 a correction in the text must be made. What is it?
23. List two differences between Asteroids and Planets.
24. Define Moon:
25. What is a meteorite?
Evolution of the Solar System pg. 40
26. How old is our Solar system?
Read the caption below figure 3-6.
Review Questions pg. 41 (24-29)
24._____ 25._____
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Planet Characteristics pg. 41
27. How could the Sun have caused the differences between the inner and outer planets?
28. Which planets are the terrestrial planets?
29. Which planets are the Jovian planets?
Motions of the Planets pg. 42
30. Define rotation:
31. Use the “Solar System Data” chart on p.15 of the ESRT to find out how long a day is on
Jupiter.
32. Define revolution:
33. What is the actual shape of the planets orbit around the Sun?
34. Define eccentricity:
35. What is the equation to calculate the eccentricity of an orbit?
36. Compare the eccentricity of Earth’s orbit to Venus’ orbit. (use p.15 ESRT)
37. When is the Earth closest to the Sun? This is called Perihelion.
38. When is the Earth farthest from the Sun? This is called Aphelion.
39. Define inertia:
40. ______________________ is the attractive force that exists between any two objects in the
Universe. The gravitational force is proportional to the square of the distance between their
centers.
41. Why do astronauts weigh less on the moon than they do on Earth?
42. Why do the velocities of the planets in orbit around the Sun vary?
43. When would the Earth have its greatest orbital velocity? Think back to questions 37 & 38.
Review Questions pg. 44 (30-50)
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