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U9 Ecology Test Review KEY 2015-16
I. TEKS
11B: Investigate and analyze how organisms, populations, and communities respond to external factors.
11C: Summarize the role of microorganisms in both maintaining and disrupting the health of both organisms
and ecosystems.
11D: Describe how events and processes that occur during ecological succession can change populations and
species diversity.
12A: Interpret relationships, including predation, parasitism, commensalism, mutualism, and competition among
organisms
12B: Compare variations and adaptations of organisms in different ecosystems.
12C: Analyze the flow of matter and energy through trophic levels using various models, including food chains,
food webs, and ecological pyramids.
12D: Recognize that long-term survival of species is dependent on changing resource bases that are limited.
12E: Describe the flow of matter through the carbon and nitrogen cycles and explain the consequences of disrupting
these cycles.
12F: Describe how environmental change can impact ecosystems stability.
II. Energy Flow
1.
What is the ultimate source of energy in most ecosystems (41)? Sun
2.
Draw arrows to indicate energy flow in the food chain below (43).
3.
Using the food web, place the organisms in the correct trophic levels on the pyramid (43-44).
Image fromThompsma - Own work, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=15367675
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6. Why does an ecosystem have a carrying capacity?
4.7. Identify the type of ecological pyramid below.
Type of Pyramid: ____________________________
Pyramid of Biomass
Pyramid of Numbers
Type of Pyramid: ____________________________
Pyramid of Energy
Type of Pyramid: ____________________________
8. Ecological
Identify the Relationships
type of cycle below:
III.
and Populations (38-40)
5.
Predation
Competition
Type of Cycle: _________________________
Parasitism
Type of Cycle: ___________________________
9. In the carbon cycle, what releases carbon? In the carbon cycle, what absorbsCommensalism
carbon?
Mutualism
10. In the nitrogen cycle, what needs to happen in order to turn the nitrogen into a usable form?
11. What is the difference between primary and secondary succession?
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The figure above shows a logistical (S-curve) for population growth (94-98).
6. What does K represent on the population growth curve and explain why this occurs in some populations (98)?
K represents the carrying capacity, which is the maximum number of individuals in a species that the environment
can support for an extended time. It is limited by the resources available to individuals in the populations. The
graph depicts population growth slows following a period of exponential growth. Populations stop increasing when
the number of births is less than the number of deaths or when emigration is greater than immigration.
7. Identify four (4) factors that can limit population growth (94-96).
Density-dependent factors such as weather events, and density-dependent events such as predation, disease,
parasites, and competition.
IV. Ecological Succession (62-64) and Nutrient Cycles (45-49)
8. Use the image below to summarize the difference between primary and secondary successions.
Image from http://www.britannica.com/science/secondary-succession/images-videos/Secondary-succession-follows-a-major-disturbance-such-as-a-fire/125659
Primary Succession: Land starts out w/no soil; must start with pioneer species like lichen in order to create
soil, takes longer. Secondary Succession: Land already has soil, occurs after a disturbance like forest fire,
and occurs faster.
9. Trace the flow of carbon in the carbon cycle by labeling the diagram below.
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10. Fill in the nitrogen cycle diagram.
V. Sample Questions
1. In which way does the figure to the right differ from a typical model of trophic levels?
a. First-level consumers outnumber second-level consumers.
b. First-level consumers outnumber producers.
c. Second-level consumers outnumber first-level consumers.
d. Third-level consumers outnumber second-level consumers.
2. Only 10 percent of the energy stored in an organism can be passed on to the next trophic level. The remaining energy is
used for the organism’s life processes, and the rest is
a. stored as body tissue.
c. used in reproduction.
b. stored as fat.
d. eliminated as heat.
3. As ecological succession progresses forward in time,
a. there is very little effect on the diversity of plant and animal life.
b. the diversity of plant and animal life increases.
c. the diversity of plant and animal life decreases.
d. none of these.
4. _____ describes how organisms respond to stimuli, and an example would include plants growing towards a light source.
a. Commensalism
c. Symbiosism
b. Parasitic
d. Tropism
5. Which of the following descriptions about the organization of an ecosystem is correct?
a. Species make up populations, which make up communities.
b. Populations make up species, which make up communities.
c. Communities make up species, which make up populations.
d. Species make up communities, which make up populations.
6. A cabbage worm strips a green pepper plant of all of its leaves. This is an example of what type of interaction?
a. commensalism
c. predator/prey
b. mutualism
d. tropism
7. The graph to the right shows changes in the populations of two species that interact
only with each other over a period of time. Which statement best describes these
two species?
a. Species A is a producer and species B is its consumer.
b. Species A is a host and species B is its parasite.
c. Species A is a predator and species B is its prey.
d. Species A is a scavenger and species B is its decomposer.
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