Download Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence is the field of study

Copyright 2004 R. Weber
ISYS 370
Artificial Intelligence for
Information Systems
2004
Professor: Dr. Rosina Weber
1.
Expert Systems
1.
2.
3.
4.
2.
Interpreting facial expressions
Ramp activity
Turbine diagnostics
Loan underwriting
Case-based reasoning
1.
2.
3.
4.
3.
GE plastics
Project management
Case-based collaborative web-search
Hybrid recommender systems
Search
1.
2.
3.
4.
4.
Topics of
Papers
University timetable
NFL
Scheduling train crew/hospital nurses
Scheduling Earth Observing Satellites
Machine Learning, Data Mining
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
5.
ILSA
Skin grading
Link discovery to detect terrorist plots
PTV
Chinese calligraphy
Automatic Detection of Steganography
Neural Networks
1.
2.
6.
Handwriting recognition
Software testing
Genetic Algorithms
1.
2.
7.
Gene expression and metabolic profiles
Network Design and Planning
Natural Language Processing
1.
2.
3.
NL for customer service
Online Essay Evaluation
Branching Storylines in Virtual Reality Environments for Leadership Development
Copyright 2004 R. Weber
Expert Systems
Knowledge acquisition
working memory
(short-term mem/information)
knowledge
base
(e.g.,frames
and methods)
inference
engine
(agenda)
explanation
general
knowledge
user
I
n
t
e
r
f
a
c
e
expert
problem
expert
solution
Copyright 2004 R. Weber
CBR methodology
case
base
Copyright 2004 R. Weber
knowledge based systems
• Expert Systems, Case-based Reasoning
– financial advise
– medical diagnosis, credit analysis
– case-based reasoning systems for forecasting, case
retrieval, prescription of diet, exercise
– knowledge management systems
– creativity, planning, forecast, recommender,
personalization, argumentation, mediation, tutoring
systems (education),
– HICAP
– Immersive Training Environments with virtual reality
Copyright 2004 R. Weber
NLU demo
http://www.sls.lcs.mit.edu/sls/whatwedo/applications/jupiter.html
1-888-573-8255
NL Understanding
• Speech recognition
– intonation, pronunciation, speed
• Natural Language Processing
– syntactic , semantic , pragmatic analysis
Natural Language Generation
– intention, generation, speech synthesis
Copyright 2004 R. Weber
natural language
• natural language interfaces
• machine translation
• text understanding to analyze patterns &
trends
• summarization, information extraction
Copyright 2004 R. Weber
Problem Solving by Search
• use of algorithms
– planning, design, optimization, scheduling
– solution space to search
– games
Copyright 2004 R. Weber
Machine Learning
– analyze trends in any domain, knowledge
discovery in databases and text, e.g., data
mining
– classification and clustering, collaborative
filtering
Copyright 2004 R. Weber
Genetic Algorithms
• Improves quality of solutions produced
by other methods
• Feature selection
• Evolves solutions
• Similar problems as solved by search
algorithms
Copyright 2004 R. Weber
Neural Networks Applications
• predict movement of stocks, currencies, etc., from previous
data;
• pattern recognition, e.g., penmanship, voice, brain activity
patterns of motor areas
http://www.txtwriter.com/Onscience/Articles/ratrobot.html
•
•
•
•
•
•
to recognize signatures made (e.g. in a bank) with those stored;
Diagnosis of equipment, disease, images (MRI), etc.
Pronunciation (rules with many exceptions)
Credit assignment
Vehicle driving
Quality Control - Attaching a camera or sensor to the end of a
production process to automatically inspect for defects.
• Target Recognition from video and/or infrared image data
• Detect fraudulent credit card transactions
Copyright 2004 R. Weber
Necessary grounds for
computer understanding
• Ability to represent knowledge and reason with it.
• Perceive equivalences and analogies between two
different
representations
of
the
same
entity/situation.
• Learning and reorganizing new knowledge.
– From Peter Jackson (1998) Introduction to Expert
systems. Addison-Wesley third edition. Chapter 2, page
27.
Copyright 2004 R. Weber
Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence is the field of study
dedicated to the study and design of
computational models that perform
“complex” tasks. These tasks may entail
use of knowledge, reasoning, or
physical abilities.
AI tasks
Copyright 2004 R. Weber
• reading &
understanding
• diagnosis
• configuration
• categorization
• classification
• creativity
• discovery
• speech recognition
& synthesis
• obstacle avoidance
• NL generation
• NL understanding
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
planning
scheduling
design
prediction
control
monitoring
analysis
vision
moving
Copyright 2004 R. Weber
AI tasks and AI problems
AI problems are seen as such because they
are solved through the performance of AI
tasks
• AI problem is natural language, whereas
related AI tasks are composition, speech,
reading and understanding
• Examples of AI problems can be
mechanical or medical diagnosis and the
AI task in both is diagnosis
Copyright 2004 R. Weber
Types of AI tasks
• mundane:
– face recognition
– argumentation
– shopping planning
• expert:
– diet prescription
– medical diagnosis
– legal argumentation
– legal, military, business planning