Download President Bill Clinton`s domestic program focused on the economy

Bill Clinton
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Test
Describe the evolution of the computer from
scientific tool to household appliance.
 2. Evaluate how the computer has revolutionized
science, medicine, and communications.
 3. Describe the difficulties and successes of Bill
Clinton’s two terms as president.
 4. Discuss the nation’s involvement in world affairs
during the Clinton presidency.
 During
the 1990s, a technological revolution
transformed society.
 President Clinton pushed for budget cuts, health
care and welfare reforms, and global trade.
 He also worked for peace in the Middle East and the
Balkans.
 Major developments of the era continue to
influence modern society.
 The use of the Internet is widespread in commerce,
schools, and government.
 The
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
continues to shape economic relations between the
United States, Canada, and Mexico.
 The debate between conservatives and liberals
continues in the United States.
 In 1946 the world’s first electronic digital
computer, called ENIAC (Electronic Numerical
Integrator and Computer), went into operation.
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Weighing over 30 tons, the machine was the size of a small
house.
In 1959 Robert Noyce designed the first integrated circuit,
a complete electronic circuit on a single chip of the
element silicon, making circuits much smaller and easier to
make.
Many electronic companies opened in an area south of San
Francisco, giving it the nickname Silicon Valley.
In 1968 Noyce and colleague Gordon Moore formed Intel, a
company that revolutionized computers with the creation
of microprocessors.
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chips had several integrated circuits on them
that further reduced the size of computers and
increased their speed.
 Stephen Wozniak and Steven Jobs set out to build a
small computer using the microprocessor
technology.
 By 1976 the pair founded Apple Computer and
completed their machine called the Apple I.
 The following year the Apple II came out and sold
well.
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Apple’s success created intense competition in the
computer industry.
In 1981 International Business Machines (IBM) introduced
the “Personal Computer” (PC).
In 1984 Apple responded with the Macintosh, featuring a
much simpler operating system that used on-screen
graphic symbols called icons, which users could control
with a hand-operated device called a mouse.
At the same time Apple was being created, 19-year-old
Harvard dropout Bill Gates co-founded Microsoft to design
PC software, the instructions used to program computers
to perform certain tasks.
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In 1985 Microsoft introduced “Windows,” which brought
the mouse-activated on-screen graphics to PCs.
Computer networks could link employees within an office
or branch regardless of distance.
By the late 1990s, many workers used a home computer
and electronic mail to telecommute–do their jobs at home
via their computer.
During the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s,
the deregulation of telecommunications created an
explosion of creativity and competition in the telephone
and television industries.
In 1996 Congress passed the Telecommunications Act.
The act allowed telephone companies to compete with
each other, send television signals, and permitted cable
television companies to offer telephone service.
Digital electronics made worldwide communications
possible with the creation of the Internet, a global
information system.
The roots of this networking system began with the U.S.
Defense Department’s Advanced Research Project Agency
in 1969.
Known as ARPANET, this system linked government
agencies, defense contractors, and scientists at various
universities.
The use of the Internet expanded by almost 300 percent
between 1997 and 2000.
The Internet also created a “dot.com” economy selling
products and advertising online.
Computers aided scientists in biotechnology, the managing
of biological systems to improve human life.
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Researchers have used this to develop new medicines, animal
growth hormones, genetically engineered plants, and industrial
chemicals.
The first break in biotechnology occurred in 1953, when American
molecular biologist James Watson and his British colleague, Francis
Crick, deciphered the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the
genetic material in cells that determines.
With the development of supercomputers, it was possible to map out
the human genome, recording the DNA sequence in our species.
The Human Genome Project began
at the National Institutes of Health in 1990.
• All their data was placed on the Internet free of charge with the
hope that no single nation or private laboratory will control the
outcome or limit the use of genome findings.
• Break…….
• Although President Clinton struggled with Republicans in Congress
and faced impeachment, several major economic and social reforms
were achieved during his presidency.
• President Bill Clinton’s domestic program focused on the economy,
the family, education, crime, and health care.
• Clinton felt the problem with the economy was due to the federal
deficit.
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The high deficits caused the government to borrow large
sums of money, which drove up interest rates.
Clinton felt that the key to economic growth was to lower
interest rates.
Because Clinton had difficulty cutting government
spending that went to entitlement programs, he
implemented new taxes.
Republicans in Congress refused to support the plan, but
after Clinton put pressure on Democrats in Congress, a
revised version of his tax plan was passed..
Clinton appointed his wife, Hillary Rodham Clinton, to head
a task force
to prepare a health care plan.
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The plan guaranteed health care for all Americans, but it
was widely opposed by employers, small business owners,
the insurance industry, doctor’s organizations, and
Republicans.
In the end, the plan died without ever coming to a vote.
Clinton pushed through several pieces of legislation to help
the American family.
The Family Medical Leave Act gave workers up to 12 weeks
per year of unpaid family leave for the birth or adoption of
a child, or the illness of a family member.
Clinton also had Congress create AmeriCorps, a program
that put students to work improving low-income housing,
teaching children to read, and cleaning up the
environment.
Democrats in Congress passed a gun-control law known as
the Brady Bill that imposed a waiting period before people
could buy handguns.
Clinton introduced a bill that provided extra funds to states
to build new prisons and put 100,000 more police officers
on the streets.
By late 1994, Clinton had become very unpopular.
He had raised taxes, was unable to fix the health care
system, and many companies continued to downsize.
These problems, combined with a few scandals involving
Clinton, caused many Americans to vote Republican in the
elections of 1994.
In 1994 congressional Republican leaders, led by Newt
Gingrich, created the
Contract with America, in which Republicans promised 10
major changes.
The changes included lower taxes, term limits for members of
Congress, and a balanced budget amendment.
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For the first time in 40 years, Republicans had won a majority in both
houses of Congress.
In 1995, instead of backing down to the Republicans in Congress,
Clinton allowed the federal government to close when a budget
agreement could not be reached.
The Republicans in Congress and the president eventually worked
together to balance the budget.
Prior to the 1996 election, Clinton and
the Republicans worked to pass the Health Insurance Portability Act
to improve health coverage, and the Welfare Reform Act, which
limited people to no more than two consecutive years on welfare and
required them to work to receive welfare.
During the 1996 presidential election, Clinton took credit
for the booming economy.
The economic boom of the 1990s was the longest
sustained period of growth in United States history.
Unemployment and inflation were at their lowest levels in
40 years, the stock market soared, wages increased, and
crime declined.
Clinton won re-election against Republican candidate,
Senator Bob Dole of Kansas.
Republicans retained control of Congress.
 During
Clinton’s second term in office, the economy
continued to expand.
 In 1997, for the first time in 24 years, the president
submitted a balanced budget to Congress.
 In 1998 the government ran a surplus, meaning it
collected more money than it spent.
 In his second term, Clinton aimed his proposals
toward children’s needs.
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He asked Congress to pass a $500-per-child tax credit and
pass a ban on cigarette advertising directed toward
children.
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He signed an Adoption and Safe Families Act, and the
Children’s Health Insurance Program, providing insurance
for children whose parents could not afford it.
In 1998 a scandal involving President Clinton threatened
his presidency.
Beginning in his first term, Clinton was accused of
arranging for illegal loans to Whitewater Development.
• Attorney General Janet Reno appointed an independent
counsel, Kenneth Starr, to investigate the president.
• In early 1998, a new scandal involving a personal
relationship with a White House intern suggested that the
president had committed perjury, or lied under oath.
• Starr was appointed to investigate this as well.
• In his report, Starr argued that Clinton had obstructed
justice, abused his power as president, and committed
perjury.
 In
1998 the House passed two articles of
impeachment.
 On February 12, 1999, the senators cast their votes,
with the result short of the two-thirds needed to
remove Clinton.
 Although Clinton was not removed from office, his
reputation was permanently damaged.
 In 1991 the leader of Haiti, Jean-Bertrand Aristide,
was overthrown and sought refuge in the United
States.
 The
new rulers used violence to suppress the
opposition.
 Clinton convinced the United Nations to impose a
trade embargo on Haiti, creating a severe economic
crisis.
 Thousands
of Haitian refugees fled to the United
States.
 Clinton ordered an invasion of Haiti, but before
troops arrived, former president Jimmy Carter
convinced Haiti’s rulers to step aside.
 Yugoslavia
split apart in 1991 after the end of
communism.
 In Bosnia, a three-way civil war began between
Orthodox Christian Serbs, Catholic Croatians, and
Bosnian Muslims.
 The fighting continued until 1995.
 The Serbs would not stop their attacks and began
calling for ethnic cleansing–the brutal expulsion of
an ethnic group from a geographic area.
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The United States convinced NATO allies that intervention
was necessary, resulting in NATO warplanes attacking
Serbs.
The Clinton administration arranged for peace talks in
Dayton, Ohio, and a peace plan was signed called the
Dayton Accords.
In 1998 another war began in Kosovo between its two
major ethnic groups–the Serbs and Albanians.
The Serbian treatment of Kosovo Albanians angered people
around the world, and leaders tried to unsuccessfully bring
the two sides together.
In 1999 NATO began bombing Serbia.
Serbian troops pulled out of Kosovo.
Although Iraq was defeated in the Persian Gulf War, Iraqi President
Saddam Hussein remained in power, threatening Iraq’s neighbors.
To stop the attacks, the United States fired cruise missiles at Iraqi
military targets.
Relations between Israel and the Palestinians were very volatile.
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In 1993 Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and Palestinian
Liberation Organization leader Yasir Arafat reached an agreement.
Clinton invited them to the White House to sign the Declaration of
Principles.
There was opposition to the plan from both sides, and in 1995 Prime
Minister Rabin was assassinated.
• In October 2000, violence erupted between the
Palestinians and Israeli soldiers.
• As Clinton left office, his legacy was uncertain.
• Although he had presided over the greatest period
of economic growth
in America, his presidency was marred by the
impeachment trial, which divided the nation.
 Explain
Writing Assignment
in essay format why it does/does not
matter if the President lies under oath.
 Is the invention of the computer good or bad. Take
a side and explain your answer.