Download Lower Appendage

Femur
 Femur – largest, longest, strongest bone
- articulates with acetabulum (proximal)
and tibia & patella (distal)
 Region from the hip to the knee
 Head – large, smooth, ball-shaped; fits into
acetabulum
 Greater & lesser trochanter – projections at
proximal end; sites for muscle attachment
 Lateral & medial condyle – two large surfaces on
distal end
Femur
 On posterior view, the gluteal
tuberosity and the linea aspera both
serve as attachement sites for the
tendons of the thigh muscles.
Patella
Kneecap
Anchors the anterior thigh
muscle to the tibia
Base – broad, superior end
Apex – pointed, inferior end
Fibula
 Slender bone on lateral side
 Head – on proximal end
 Lateral malleolus – projection at the
distal end that articulates with the
talus
- forms the bulge of the ankle
(outer)
Tibia
 Larger, weight bearing bone on medial side;
articulates with the femur & fibula (proximal)
and fibula & talus (distal)
 Lateral & medial condyles – slightly concave
region where the condyles of the femur fit
 Tibial tuberosity – rough area below the condyles
for attachment of ligaments associated with the
knee
 Anterior crest – sharp ridge on anterior surface;
forms the shin
 Medial malleolus – forms the medial bulge of the
ankle (inner)
Foot
 Composed of the ankle, insteps and toes
 Tarsals – 7
 Tarsus – ankle; articulates with lateral malleolus
of fibula and medial malleolus of tibia
 Calcaneous – heel bone
 Navicular
 Meidal cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform,
lateral cuneiform, cuboid
 Metatarsals – 5
 Phalanges – 14
 Hallux – big toe